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Sharad Goel ¹, Ritu Goyal ¹, Sanjay Lal ¹, Shailja Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anaesthesia, Sarswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-24 Anwarpur, Hapur, Ghaziabad 245304, IN

Abstract

Intrathecal neostigmine had been used in various doses to produce analgesia without neurotoxicity in both animal and human studies. The present study was conducted using 50μg intrathecal neostigmine methylsulphate with 12.5mg bupivacaine (0.5% heavy) for optimum duration of post-operative analgesia with minimal side effects. In this study 100 patients belonging to ASA physical status I and II, age 20-70 years of either sex scheduled for elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia were included. Patients were randomly allocated in two groups: group I (n=50, control) received 2.5ml bupivacaine + 0.5ml of normal saline and group II (n=50, test) received 2.5ml bupivacaine +0.5ml of neostigmine (50μg). Time of onset of sensory and motor block, highest level of block, duration of analgesia and side effects like hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, etc were recorded. Onset time of sensory and motor block was much faster In bupivacaine and neostigmine group as compared to bupivacaine group. Patients were pain free for average 6-7 hours with bupivacaine and neostigmine as compared to 3-4 hours with bupivacaine. It was concluded that intrathecal neostigmine in the dose of 50μg provide post-operative analgesia for a period of 6-8 hours with lesser incidence of side effects of nausea and vomiting.

Keywords

Anaesthesia, Spinal Anaesthesia, Drugs, Bupivacaine, Neostigmine

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Shailja Sharma ¹, Arati Srivastava ¹, Sharad Goel ¹, Vikrant Sharma ², Ashutosh Niranjan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Anaesthesiology, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, IN
2 Department of Ophthalmology, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, IN
3 Department of Surgery, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, Hapur, IN

Abstract

Intraocular pressure is the pressure exerted by the contents of the eye against its containing wall. During general anaesthesia, the intraocular pressure can increase, rendering problems in ophthalmic surgery especially surgery on the eye bulb. Pre-treatment with non-depolarising muscle relaxant prevents fasciculation and so the intraocular pressure does not rise. This is a prospective randomized study of 100 patients divided into two equal groups, where we have compared the effect of vecuronium bromide and atracurium besylate on intraocular pressure. The intraocular pressure was measured before surgery, at the time of intubation and at every 10 minutes interval during surgery. All the data were analysed statistically using unpaired student t test. We concluded that vecuronium bromide has better control over intraocular pressure as compared to atracurium besylate.

Keywords

Vecuronium Bromide, Atracurium Besylate, Intraocular Pressure

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Shailja Sharma ¹, R. K. Mittal ¹, V. K. Sood ¹, Sanchit Thakur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Crop Improvement, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN

Abstract

CRISPR and CRISPR Associated (Cas) Proteins (CRISPR-Cas) system is a vital defense system found in bacteria and archea. CRISPR activity requires a set of Cas genes, found adjacent to the CRISPR, that codes for protein essential for immune response. CRISPR system works in three stages to carry out a full immune response to invading foreign DNA i.e. acquisition, expression and interference stage. Recently Type II CRISPR-Cas9 system has also been adapted to perform genome engineering by inducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) in host DNA that can be repaired by either non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR). Although the full potential of CRISPR-Cas9 has not been harnessed so far, this technology has already brought revolutionary changes in genomic research. CRISPR-Cas9 system has great potential for both research and therapeutics; however, improvements can still be made in its speci?city, efficiency and off target effects. With the advancement, the use of this system is increased in model plants as well as other crop plants like Arabidopsis, tobacco, maize, rice, wheat, sorghum, barley, brassica, soybean etc.

Keywords

CRISPR, Cas, Spacer, Repeat, Crop Improvement.

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Pankaj Saini ¹, Varsha A. Singh ², Kunal Sharma ³, Gunjeet Singh ³, Abhishek Chauhan ⁴, Shailja Sharma ⁵

Affiliations
1 Junior Resident, Department of Microbiology, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Professor, Department of Microbiology, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
3 Junior Resident, Department of Pharmacology, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
4 Junior Resident, Department of Respiratory Medicine, M.M.I.M.S.R., Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), MMDU, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
5 General Physician, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) has been identified in human pulmonary and extra pulmonary diseases and is of great concern for clinicians and microbiologists because of their increasing global incidence. They are now increasingly recognized as important pathogens in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent population. They should be identified rapidly and should be carefully differentiated as contamination, colonization ordisease. Cultures were made on conventional LJ and LJ with PNB media. Growth was confirmed as AFB (acid fast bacilli) by ZN staining. NTM were identified by growth on LJ with PNB media, colony morphology, rate of growth, pigmentation, catalase activity and confirmed by MPT 64 antigen rapid test (using SD Bioline TB Ag MPT 64 test kit) . Data was analysed statistically using SPSS software. Out of total 500 processed samples (250 pulmonary & 250 extrapulmonary), 12(21.05%) and 7(21.8%) NTM were isolated from pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples respectively. Maximum pulmonary NTM (41.7%) were isolated from > 60 years age of patients in contrast to extrapulmonary NTM isolates which were more in 20-40 years of age group. There was 16.7% previously treated patients in pulmonary while 100% were newly diagnosed patients in extrapulmonary TB cases. This study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and differentiation among Mycobacterium tuberculosisand NTM so that these NTM are not underestimated in routine diagnostic procedures merely as environmental or laboratory contaminants.

Keywords

Non-tuberculous mycobacterium, p-nitrobenzoic acid, Pulmonary TB, extrapulmonary TB, MPT64 antigen.

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Shailja Sharma ¹, R. K. Mittal ¹, V. K. Sood ¹, H. K. Chaudhary ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

A total of 15 interspecific crosses involving five genotypes of urdbean (Vigna mungo) and three genotypes of ricebean (V. umbellata) were attempted to study the effects of different growth media on hybrid germination. Since the seeds obtained from the interspecific crosses did not germinate under normal soil conditions so attempts were made to grow them on various media i.e. Salt solution, Half and full strength MS medium, MS basal medium and Gamborg B5 media. Seeds were able to germinate only on the salt solution. F₁ seeds obtained from cross Him Mash-1 x VRB-3 showed maximum response on salt solution with respect to radicle formation (44.60 per cent) followed by Palampur-93 x PRR-2 (38.30 per cent) & Him Mash-1 x PRR-1 (23.89 per cent).Cross Palampur-93 x PRR-2 (17.02 per cent) produced maximum number of plantlets followed by Him Mash-1 x VRB-3 (15.32 per cent). The study indicated that different kinds of post fertilization barriers such as retarded embryo & endosperm development, production of inviable & shriveled seed, inability of seed to form radicle and yellowing of plantlets are responsible for complete lethality. The crosses showing substantially high per cent of germination can be utilized for genetic improvement of urdbean.

Keywords

Interspecific Hybridization, Germinability, V. mungo, V. umbellata.

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Rhitisha Sood ¹, R. K. Mittal ¹, V. K. Sood ¹, V. K. Sood ¹, Shailja Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN

Abstract

The research was carried out to assess the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, along with proportions of heritability and genetic advance among 14 crosses and ten parents by considering 11 yield and its related traits in blackgram. The investigation was undertaken in the Experimental Farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CSKHPKV, Palampur (H.P.) during Kharif 2018 and 2019 in Randomized Complete Block Design over three replications. Analysis of Variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits in both the generations. High PCV and GCV was recorded for biological yield per plant (g), seed yield per plant (g) and harvest index (%). High heritability along with high genetic advance was recorded for pods per plant, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant and harvest index in both the generations indicating the preponderance of additive gene action to develop desirable and stable genotypes during breeding programme.

Keywords

Blackgram, Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance.

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