Informatics Publishing Limited

Simarpreet Kaur ¹, Simranjit Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of ECE, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

This communication presents a review of security snags in all optical networks. Physical and Service attacks have been reviewed. The vulnerabilities in AONs due to different potholes lead to component attacks, optical switching node attacks, attacks due to ultra high powers etc have been reviewed.

Keywords

AONs, Security Attacks, Network Vulnerabilities, All Optical Networks.

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Rajbir Kaur ¹, Simranjit Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Electronics and Communication Department, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

In this work, we investigated C+L Band Hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) by pump sharing to provide cost efficient systems. Two different configuration of HOAs have been proposed to achieve better performance using pump sharing concept. One technique uses FBG in the system and other isolators in order to provide maximum gain and gain flatness. Further evaluation of 32 x 10 Gbps WDM system has been done in terms of maximum Gain and noise figure (NF) by utilizing different HOA. Evaluation of different techniques is carried out by analyzing Q-factor and bit error rate (BER) along with gain flatness and noise figure (NF).

Keywords

DWDM, HOA, Pump-Sharing, Gainflatness, RAMAN-EDFA.

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Gurjeet Kaur ¹, Simranjit Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Punjabi University, Patiala, IN

Abstract

With the emergence of network driven applications and high speed requirements in communication along with security and large bandwidth, there is a need for a network technique which is capable of providing all the above with a reduced cost. A multiple access technique called Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) seems to be fulfilling the above criteria. OCDMA combines the large bandwidth of the optical fiber communication and CDMA technique to achieve the high speed connectivity. The performance of the OCDMA system is reduced due to Multiple Access Interference (MAI). To enhance the performance various detection techniques are used. The software used for simulation is OptiSystem from Optiwave. It has been shown that the bit error rate (BER) is equal to less than 10^-9.

Keywords

Bit Error Rate (BER), Multiple Access Interference (MAI), Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA), Optical Orthogonal Codes (OOCs), Passive Optical Network (PON), Spectral Amplitude Coding (SAC), Zero Cross Correlation Code (ZCC).

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Amanpreet Kaur Sodhi ¹, Simranjit Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev Engg. College, Ludhiana, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engg. College, Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

This study was conducted to check the performance of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) to remove heavy metals in vertical sub-surface flow constructed wetland. Two pilot models of vertical sub-surface flow constructed wetland were constructed and instead of any macrophyte, indian mustard was grown as a wetland plant on it. Two heavy metals - lead and cadmium were tested in the wetland system by using synthetic water and their influent and effluent concentrations were analyzed on flame type atomic absorption spectrometer. It was observed that the Brassica juncea removes these two metals up to large extent. But these heavy metals have severe effects on the plant. The growth was not normal and the photosynthesis process was also effected as the leaves of the plant turned yellow even in the presence of sunlight. Whereas the leaves of the wetland system fed on deionized water are green and the plant growth is normal.

Keywords

Wetland, Heavy Metal Removal, Indian Mustard, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.

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Payal ¹, Simranjit Singh ², Monika Mogla ³

Affiliations
1 Apeejay College of Fine Arts, Punjab, Jalandhar, IN
2 DIPS IMT, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
3 Apeejay College of Fine Arts, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The present paper examines the status of corporate governance in India with special reference to board of directors. It investigates the impact of board of directors on corporate performance of top Indian companies. The board characteristics taken as independent variables are - board size, board composition, CEO duality, board activity, attendance during the meetings, board busyness i.e. directorships in other companies and gender diversity. Sample of top companies listed on BSE is taken to study impact of board characteristics on corporate performance for the year 2015-16 using multiple regression technique. Corporate performance of the companies is measured by Return on Assets and Price to Book Ratio. Size of the company, age and leverage are taken as control variables. The study finds that bigger boards have negative impact on corporate performance while board independence affects performance positively. Frequency of meetings as well as attendance therein is a positive factor influencing corporate performance. As believed in theory, busyness of directors in other companies is found to have negative impact and gender diversity, as anticipated, contributes positively towards corporate performance.

Keywords

Corporate Governance, Board Size, Board Composition, CEO Duality, Gender Diversity, Boards of Directors.

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