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Harit ¹, Varsha A. Singh ², Sonia Mehta ³, Shavi Nagpal ³, Rosy Bala ³, Dipankar Biswas ⁴

Affiliations
1 Tutor, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, IN
2 Professor, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, IN
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, IN
4 Tutor, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, IN

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite being a treatable and preventable disease. The emergence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) TB had exacerbated the situation further. To prevent the spread of infection & to accelerate the administration of Anti-tubercular treatment, early detection of TB is required. Methodology: This Cross-sectional study was carried out on 236 samples clinically suspected cases of Pulmonary & Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis processed for Direct Ziehl-Neelsen Staining, Decontamination by NALC-NaOH and Culture in MGIT tubes & Lowenstein-Jensen Medium. Results: Out of 60 samples, 60(25.42%) were culture positive cases showed highest isolation rate by BACTEC MICRO MGIT as compared to LJ Medium 42(17.79%) with time of detection by BACTEC MICRO MGIT was 17 days and LJ Medium was 33.72 days. The Diagnostic accuracy of BACTEC MICRO MGIT when LJ Medium considered to be gold standard was also exhibited which showed sensitivity of 95.24%, Specificity of 89.69% while Negative Predictive value (NPV) & Positive Predictive value (PPV) was 98.86% and 66.67% respectively. The BACTEC MICRO MGIT detects mycobacteria early, with less contamination rates and has good sensitivity & specificity as compared to LJ Medium. Conclusion: So it can be concluded that BACTEC MICRO MGIT can be used as method of isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis either alone or in combination with LJ Medium.

Keywords

Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Extra-Pulmonary, Lowenstein-Jensen Media, Mycobacterial.

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Nitin Gupta ¹, Rosy Bala ², Varsha A. Singh ³, Harit Kumar ⁴, Shavi Nagpal ², Sonia Mehta ³

Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), IN
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), IN
3 Professor, Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), IN
4 Tutor, Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), IN

Abstract

Over the years we have seen many antibiotics have been developed, each one supposedly better than the previous, but still we have not been able to overcome the persistent problem of antibiotic resistance regardless of the potency of the drug. There is an urgent need to develop new antibiotic strategies to overcome this problem that is different from previous efforts. Hence a method should be focused on the area of inhibition of bacterial evolution for resistance-“evolution proof Antibiotics”.

Keywords

Antibiotics, miracle molecules, Anti microbial resistance (ARM), Evolution proof molecules, evolvability factor.

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Shavi Nagpal ¹, Varsha A. Singh ², Harit Kumar ³, Aditi Pandey ⁴, Sonia Mehta ², Rosy Bala ¹

Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi, Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University (MMDU), Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, IN
2 Professor, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi, Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University (MMDU), Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, IN
3 Tutor, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi, Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University (MMDU), Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, IN
4 M.Sc. Medical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi, Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University (MMDU), Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, IN

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic wound infections is a dreaded complication of diabetes and often the leading cause of hospitalization for patients with diabetes worldwide. Infection if not treated timely and properly can even lead to amputation of the infected part. The present study was conducted as an attempt to evaluate the different microorganisms infecting diabetic wounds and to find out the antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Material and Method: A total of 128 patients of diabetic wound infections were included in this study from September 2018 to August 2019. Samples were processed as per standard guidelines, the microorganisms (bacterial and fungal) were isolated and further antibiotic susceptibility pattern for bacterial isolates was studied. Results: Out of 128, 106 (82.82%) yielded growth of microorganisms on culture. Predominance of bacterial growths (73.58%) as a causative etiology in diabetic wound infections were noticed over fungal (26.42%). Gram positive bacterial growths accounted to 39.74%, whereas 60.27% were gram negative growths. Staphylococcus aureus (29.49%) was the most predominant organism isolated, followed by Escherichia coli (25.64%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.36%). of the Staphylococcus aureus, 73.92% were methicillin resistant while 72.34% among gram negative isolates were ESBL producers with Escherichia coli accounting the highest degree of ESBL production. Linezolid, vancomycinandteicoplanin were the most sensitive drugs for Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‑negative isolates were mostly sensitive to imipenem based on our susceptibility results. Candida species (89.28%) was noted to be the most dominant fungal pathogen in diabetic wound infections. Conclusion: A good knowledge about the microbiological profile of diabetic wound infections and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates can be helpful in guiding the clinicians to promptly and effectively treat diabetic wound infections.

Keywords

Diabetic wound infections, Bacterial isolates, Fungal isolates, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

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Sakshi Dalal ¹, Sonia Mehta ², Shinu Pottathil ³, Varsha A. Singh ², Shavi Nagpal ⁴

Affiliations
1 B.Sc. M.Sc. Medical Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Professor, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala, Haryana, IN
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, SA
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, MMIMSR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana Ambala, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Introduction: The ability to form bio-film is a universal trait of bacteria by attaching to the surfaces. Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae might be endorsed by bio-film formation which augmented colonization of pathogens. Aim: To correlate between bio-film formation and carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from various clinical specimens and to compare the qualitative and quantitative assay for bio-film production. Method: Study was conducted on 150 strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolates. of these, carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates were subjected for bio-film formation by Modified Congo red agar method, tube adherence method and Tissue culture plate method. Results: Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains were found to be 60.66% and the rate of biofilm producers was 75.53% by any of the phenotypic method. Tissue culture plate method was found to be (67.6%) better than Modified Congo Red agar method (54.9%) and Tube adherence method (39.4%). The highest number of bio-film producers was isolated from urinary tract infections (36.61%). Conclusion: TCP method is most reliable, precise and sensitive method for detection of bio-film formation by Enterobacteriaceae isolates and is ideal to use as a general screening tool to detect bio-film production.

Keywords

Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae; bio-film; qualitative; quantitative assays.

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