Informatics Publishing Limited

K. N. Reddy , Sudhakar Reddy , S. N. Jadhav

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Kesari Nagesh , Sudhakar Reddy , S. Chandramouli , P. S. Rao

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Sudhakar Reddy , Chiranjibi Pattanaik , N. K. Dhal , A. K. Biswal

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Bhitarkanika National Park of Orissa has much significance due to ecological, biological and geomorphological background. It has rich floristic diversity and great variability at species and ecosystem levels in consisting of different types of vegetation in different habitats representing Diospyros swamp forest, Tamarix-Salvadora scrub, palm swamp, salt marshes, grasslands, sand dune and aquatic vegetation. Number of species identified are 372 belonging to 262 genera under 100 families.

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Vinayak Jagtap , Sudhakar Reddy , Pallavi Joshi

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Compression is the technique for effective utilization of space in servers as well as in personal computers. Most significantly, being the multimedia compression. In this paper, the focus is on Image Compression method. Image compression method has two types: lossy and lossless compression. Vector quantization is an effective way of lossy compression technique. The important tasks in vector quantization are codebook generation and searching. LBG algorithm is a prominent standard for vector quantization. The major drawback with LBG compression is complexity in computation, which is directly proportional to size of the codebook and number of pixels in image. Another drawback of LBG is global codebook generation which is time consuming and standardizing this codebook is not possible. A novel method is proposed in this paper to address these issues. The proposed method is Efficient Lossy Image Compression using Vector Quantization (ELIC-VQ). It generates global codebook and uses centroid based approach to remove local problem of optimization.  A centroid based compression reduces the operation of the comparison with the codebook and helps to improve the performance. At the time of decompression of the image, the codebook comparison is dependent on the index similar to LBG. The experimental results show that ELIC-VQ approach reduces the computational complexity, increases compression percentage and speed up the vector quantization process. The reconstructed image has reduced distortion significantly than using LBG.

Keywords

Lossy Compression, Centroid based Vector Quantization, Clustering, Global Codebook, Indexing, LBG.

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Chandra Sekhar M. ¹, Santhosh J. ¹, Nanda Kumar V. S. ¹, Sudhakar Reddy ¹, Rajaramamohan Rao Chennu ¹

Affiliations
1 High Power Lab., Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore-560080, India. Phone: 080 23600574, IN

Abstract

Optical ground wires (OPGW) are increasingly being used on overhead transmission lines throughout the world. OPGW conductors protect the power line against lightning or short-circuit and provide communication through optical fibers embedded inside the conductor. In case of conventional ground wire, the permissible instantaneous temperature is limited by the highest allowable loss of tensile strength of metallic materials caused by annealing and bird-caging. Since OPGW conductors are expected to give protection to the embedded optical fiber, they shall meet a further requirement; i.e. the temperature of the conductor shall not rise in such extent that it may cause degradation in the parameters of the optical fiber. The highest temperature that the conductor may reach during and after short-circuit depends on the conductor design. This paper describes the testing requirements and the performance evaluation of typical OPGW conductor during short circuit condition as per IEEE Standard 1138.

Keywords

Optical ground wire cable (OPGW), EHV transmission line, Single Phase to Ground Fault,Short Circuit Test, Bird Caging.

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