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Bhattacharya, T. K.
- The Behaviour of Some Trace Elements in the Alkalic Suite of Koraput, Orissa
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Presidency College, Calcutta, IN
2 Department of Atomic Energy, Atomic Minerals Division, Petrology Laboratory, New Delhi, IN
1 Department of Geology, Presidency College, Calcutta, IN
2 Department of Atomic Energy, Atomic Minerals Division, Petrology Laboratory, New Delhi, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 10, No 2 (1969), Pagination: 167-176Abstract
Geochemical data for 20 igneous rock samples from alkali complex of Koraput, Orissa are presented and discussed. Trace element contents in 8 individual minerals separated from the rock members have been estimated. The abundances of rare alkali earth metals are distinctly higher in early basic and intermediate members compared to those in a calcalkali suite. Some diadochic element ratios reveal a pronounced change of the variation trends at the ultimate end of the fractionation process. The granitophilc elements are not so remarkably enriched in the late differentiates as expected in low melting temperature constituents. Unlike feldspathoidal syenites of agpaitic complex, the nepheline syenite of Koraput is poor in niobium and zirconium.
- Micellisation of CTAB in some Aqueous Binary Mixtures
Abstract Views :169 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, IN
1 Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, IN
Source
Journal of Surface Science and Technology, Vol 1, No 2 (1985), Pagination: 99-102Abstract
Free energies (ΔG0m), Entropies (ΔS0m) and Enthalpies (ΔH0m) of micellisation of Cetyl-Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) in glycerol+water mixtures containing 10,30,40, and 50 weight percent of glycerol and in urea+water mix ures containing 10, 30 and 40 weight percent of urea have been reported from CMC measurements at 25,35 and 45°C using the conductance method. Analysis of ΔG0m vs composition of cosolvent plots indicate that micellisation is favoured in both the solvent systems almost to the same extent except for the fact that micellisation is decreased at high concentration of glycerol and increased at high concentration of urea. Entropy (ΔS0m) - composition profiles and Enthalpy (ΔH0m)-composition profiles are more or less similar for both the systems, except at high cosolvent composition.- Studies on Bio-Pretreatment of Pine Needles for Sustainable Energy thereby Preventing Wild Forest Fires
Abstract Views :205 |
PDF Views:78
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering College of Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering College of Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 111, No 2 (2016), Pagination: 388-394Abstract
Deforestation, forest fire hazard and exploitation of forest have been warning threats to our environment and ecosystem globally. In the present study an attempt has been made to enhance the biodegradability and biomethanation potential of treated pine needles, the leaves of a coniferous tree (Pinus roxburghii) by using Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas spp. thereby, utilizing the pine needles for green energy. Studies were carried out in four litre capacity polymer reagent bottles as anaerobic bioreactor at mesophilic conditions (35 ± 1°C) for 80 days. The experiments were replicated thrice and the results compared with untreated ground pine needles substrate (control). The results showed a specific biomethane production of 0.269 l/g VS destroyed from bio-pretreated substrates whereas it was 0.133 l/g VS destroyed for untreated substrate with a biodegradability of 10.41% and 4.78% respectively. Results indicate that bio-pretreated substrate produced a cumulative biomethane yield of 21.3 l/kg pine needles which was 285% higher as compared to the untreated pine needles substrate (5.53 l/kg). The present study may promote utilization of forest litter as natural resource, thereby preventing the wild forest fires which destruct local ecology.Keywords
Anaerobic Digestion, Biomethanation, Lignocellulose, Pine Needles, Renewable Energy.Full Text
- Energy Harnessing Routes of Rice Straw
Abstract Views :240 |
PDF Views:89
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, IN
3 College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 389 001, IN
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263 145, IN
3 College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 389 001, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 113, No 01 (2017), Pagination: 21-23Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food grains of India in terms of area, production and consumer preference. India produced about 105 MMT of rice in 2015-16 accounting for 23% of global production, becoming the largest producer in the world after China. Rice-wheat cropping system is a widely practised cropping system in India covering about 9.5 m ha. Wheat is sown immediately after rice and there is little time available between harvesting of rice and planting of wheat which compelled farmers to adopt mechanized harvesting of rice.Full Text
References
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- Energy use Pattern in Wheat Crop Production System among Different Farmer Groups of the Himalayan Tarai Region
Abstract Views :230 |
PDF Views:76
Authors
Rajat Kumar Sharma
1,
T. K. Bhattacharya
1,
Akanksha Kumain
1,
Priyanka Chand
1,
Sandip Mandal
1,
Deepshikha Azad
1
Affiliations
1 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN
1 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 3 (2020), Pagination: 448-454Abstract
This study examines the energy use pattern in wheat crop cultivation in the Himalayan Tarai region of India among different farmer groups. A total of 250 farmers from 59 villages were interviewed and information on various inputs in wheat crop production was collected during 2015–16. Based on the information, all the inputs in wheat crop production were identified and converted into energy using standard energy equivalents. Results showed that the total energy expenditure in wheat crop production in the region was 20497.1 MJ/ha in which fertilizer, fuel and seed shared 85% of the total energy. Fertilizer alone accounted for 50.2% of total energy followed by fuel (22.6%). It was estimated that farmers of the large and medium category used more energy compared to those having small landholding, but also produced more grains. Operation-wise, fertilizer application consumed maximum energy followed by tillage operation. The average value estimated for output-to-unit input energy ratio was 3.02, whereas it was 3.26, 3.15, 3.14, 3.11 and 2.95 for large, medium, semi-medium, small and marginal category farmers respectively. It can be concluded from the present study that energy consumption has a positive relationship with yield.Keywords
Agriculture, Energy Use Pattern, Farmer Groups, Wheat Crop.Full Text
References
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- Characteristic Properties of Pine Needle Biochar Blocks with Distinctive Binders
Abstract Views :252 |
PDF Views:75
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabi Bagh, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar 263 145, IN
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabi Bagh, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar 263 145, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 12 (2020), Pagination: 1959-1967Abstract
Biochar beehive blocks are an unpolluted renewable and sustainable source of energy. Pine needle is abundantly available in the form of biomass world over. In the present study biomass of pine needles was transformed into biochar using a biochar production machine. The biochar beehive blocks were produced with different binding agents, e.g. soil, cattle dung, cement and lime in 30%, 40% and 50% weight proportion. Block-making procedure increases the bulk density of loose biomass up to 30–100% with increase in calorific value, reduction in storage space requirement and transportation cost as compared to loose biomass. The developed biochar blocks were 12.7 cm in diameter, 8 cm in height and weighed 600 g. The average moisture, volatiles, ash and fixed carbon contents were 5%, 36%, 25% and 40% respectively. The results of the study showed that the maximum shatter resistance and water absorption resistance as 83% and 76% for B50C50 and B50L50 respectively, while the maximum calorific value was 29 MJ/kg for B70S30. Based on process optimization using RSM, a biochar block with a binding ratio of 40% proved to be optimal. The production cost of biochar blocks for soil or dung was B6.30/kg, while for cement or lime blocks it was B10.30/kg. The use of pine needle biomass reduces the hazard of bushfire and helps achieve effective selfemployment by preventing rural farmers from migrating from the countryside.Keywords
Biochar, Beehive Briquettes, Binders, Calorific Value, Pine Needles.Full Text
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- Singh, R. D., Gumber, S., Tewari, P. and Singh, S. P., Nature of forest fires in Uttarakhand: frequency, size and seasonal patterns in relation to pre-monsoonal environment. Curr. Sci., 2016, 111(2), 398–403.
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- Font, R., Conesa, J. A., Moltó, J. and Muñoz, M., Kinetics of pyrolysis and combustion of pine needles and cones. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 2009, 85(1–2), 276–286.
- Mahmood, R., Parshetti, G. K. and Balasubramanian, R., Energy, exergy and techno-economic analyses of hydrothermal oxidation of food waste to produce hydro-char and bio-oil. Energy, 2016, 102, 187–198.
- Mandal, S., Bhattacharya, T. K. and Tanna, H. R., Energy harnessing routes of rice straw. Curr. Sci., 2017, 113(1), 21–23.
- Mandal, S., Kumar, G. P., Bhattacharya, T. K., Tanna, H. R. and Jena, P. C., Briquetting of pine needles (Pinus roxburgii) and their physical, handling and combustion properties. Waste Biomass Valorization, 2019, 10(8), 2415–2424.
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- Deriving Fuel From Pine Needles Through Pyrolysis, Charring and Briquetting and Their GHG Emission Potential
Abstract Views :88 |
PDF Views:68
Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, India., IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, India., IN
1 ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, India., IN
2 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, India., IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 124, No 10 (2023), Pagination: 1210-1215Abstract
The present communication presents an overview of generating renewable fuels from pine needles through pyrolysis and briquetting technology. Pine needles are the products of leaf shedding in the forests from pine trees and are considered potential fire hazards. Studies conducted in the last few years show that this biomass can be effectively utilized for the production of bio-oil, biochar and briquettes in an environment-friendly manner. Through pyrolysis, pine needles could be converted to 35% bio-oil with a calorific value of 28.52 MJ kg–1, which can be a base material for other fuels and chemicals. The process also yields 25% biochar, which has a half-life of 600–1000 years and is a suitable material for soil carbon sequestration. The proposed pine needle-based energy centre can produce about 3.8 t briquettes, 1.2 t bio-oil, 1.6 t biochar and 1240 Nm3 pyrolysis gas from 10 t pine needles, with an energy efficiency of 87.2%. Greenhouse gas emissions were found to be considerably lower for charring and pyrolysis routes compared to forest burning.Keywords
Briquettes, Charring, Greenhouse Gas Emission, Pine Needles, Pyrolysis.Full Text
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