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Sheng, Tianxin
- Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Promoter of Adiponectin Gene, Hypoadiponectinemia, and Diabetes
Authors
1 Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin 133002, CN
2 Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133000, CN
3 Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin 133002, IN
4 Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin 133000, IN
Source
Research Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 34-40Abstract
Objective: This study was going to investigate: 1. Environmental and genetic factors leading to hypoadiponectinemia; 2. Mechanism from hypoadiponectinemia to diabetes; 3. Diagnosis and treatment of hypoadiponectinemia-derived diabetes.
Methods: A total of 186 Yanbian Han-Chinese individuals were involved in this study, including 81 men and 105 women. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), and plasma adiponectin (PA) were measured. PCR and sequencing were used for screening SNPs. ANOVA and linear regressions were used for analyzingthe relations of data.
Results: No significant difference of PA between genotypes or haplotypes of SNPs of -11426A>G and -11377C>G which are in the promoter of adiponectin gene. PA is inversely proportional to BMI (b=-0.17). FPI is directly proportional to PA (b=1.19). HDL-C is directly proportional to PA (b=0.03). 60% of hypoadiponectinemia patients suffered from diabetes and 69% of diabetic patients were hypoadiponectinemia-derived diabetic patients. FPI in simple hypoadiponectinemia group and in hypoadiponectinemia-derived diabetic group is significantly lower than that in normal group (p=0.021 and p<0.001, respectively). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in other-cause-derived diabetic group is significantly higher than that in normal group (p<0.001). But there is no significant difference of HOMA-IR between hypoadiponectinemia-derived diabetic group and normal group (p=0.093).
Conclusions: 1. Obesity would decrease adiponectin level. 2. Adiponectin could stimulate HDL and insulin secretion, and the hypoinsulinemiamight be the direct cause of hypoadiponectinemia-derived diabetes.
Keywords
Adiponectin, Hypoadiponectinemia, Diabetes.- Human Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Recombination:A Project-Based Learning Program in Biochemistry Designed for Nursing Students
Authors
1 Department of Nursing, Leshan Vocational and Technical College, Leshan, Sichuan 614000, CN
Source
Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, Vol 2, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 135-139Abstract
In nursing school, students often feel pressed to learn some subjects of medical sciences, especially biochemistry. Previously, teachers were used to adopt a traditional teacher-centered, lecture-based teaching style that required students to learn biochemistry mainly by rote. This teaching style has many drawbacks and it is not suitable for nursing students. The aim of the course is not to teach them biochemistry but is to teach them how to learn biochemistry and solve problems using biochemistry in their future career. Under this circumstance, it is emergent to develop a new teaching style which must be student-centered, inquiry-based. And there is no one competent but the style of project based learning (PBL). PBL is an innovative pedagogical approach that has been developed through researches and has been used by teachers in colleges, universities, and high schools. As a modern educational pattern, PBL is highly evaluated because of its advantages in the process of learning. This paper is going to suggest a program in biochemistry that could be conducted by students in the laboratory. The program is a basic way of genetic engineering that is used to recombine a certain human protein, in this case the extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD). It is designed to give the students a reference from which they could borrow ideas to achieve their own goal. Through this program, students are expected to boost their problem solving, communication, and collaboration skills as well as the knowledge of biochemistry.