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Leena Sahu ¹, Amit Roy ², Trilochan Satapathy ²

Affiliations
1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, C.G., IN
2 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur C.G, IN

Abstract

Medicinal plants have very important place as they not only maintain the health and vitality of human beings and animals. India is the largest producer of medicinal plants and is rightly called the “Botanical Garden of the World”. The plant Lawsonia inermis L. (family- Lythraceae) commonly known as Henna or Mehndi is known for its cosmetic properties. This plant has relabeled that use of wildlife medicinal resources in the concern not only from conservation point of view but in the therapeutic point of view. Henna plant is a much branched glabrous shrub or small tree, cultivated for its leaves although stem bark, ischolar_mains, flowers and seeds have also been used in traditional medicine. The plant has been reported the various in-vitro and in-vivo studies to have antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antimicrobial, immunostimulant, wound healing, analgesic, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, antiparasitic, antitrypanosomal, antioxidant, antifertility, tuberculostatic, anticancer, enzyme inhibitory, memory and behaviour effectiveness, antitrypanosomal, antisickling, antidiabetic, and many other properties. Henna, the potential medicinal plant is the unique source of various pharmacologically important compounds. This review gives a bird’s eye view mainly on the pharmacognostic characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological actions of the plant.

Keywords

Lawsonia inermis L., Traditional Medicine, Antiinflammatory, Enzyme Inhibitory, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Actions.

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Trilochan Satapathy ¹, Prasanna Kumar Panda ²

Affiliations
1 Dept of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, C.G, Pin-493 111, IN
2 University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, VaniVihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IN

Abstract

The era of nanotechnology has revolutionized the drug delivery system and persuades new research strategies to flourish. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) has attracted various research groups and companies since the early 1990s, however research in the SLNs is still in its infancy. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on these SLN as colloidal drug carriers for incorporating hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs. These lipid nanoparticles modify drug release, body distribution and kinetics of associated drugs. Other applications of SLNs are tissue/cell targeting of drugs and reduction of unwanted side effects by controlled release. The prospect of improved cancer chemotherapy using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as a drug delivery system is also promising. Several obstacles frequently encountered with anticancer compounds, such as normal tissue toxicity, poor specificity and stability and a high incidence of drug resistant tumor cells, are at least partially overcome by delivering them using SLN. The present review focuses on the utility of SLN in terms of their advantages, production methodology, characterization and applications. If properly investigated; SLNs may open new vistas in therapy of complex diseases.

Keywords

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, Drug Delivery, Colloidal Drug Carriers, Applications of SLNs.

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Ghanshyam Dhalendra ¹, Trilochan Satapathy ¹, Amit Roy ¹

Affiliations
1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Near Vidhan Sabha, Raipur-493111, Chhattisgarh, IN

Abstract

Inflammation is reaction of living tissues towards injury, and comprises systemic and local responses. Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli as well as initiate the healing process for the tissue. The nature of the inflammatory response following tissue injury depends upon both the time elapsed since injury as well as the extent of tissue damage. Inflammation can be classified as either acute or chronic. Acute inflammation is usually of short duration and sudden onset. The typical sequence of events is an initial transient arteriolar constriction followed by vasodilation, increased vascular endothelial permeability, exudation of fluid and plasma proteins, and transmigration of leukocytes from vessels into the injured tissues. Chronic inflammation can begin 2-4 days after the onset of the acute response. Chronic inflammation on the contrary is granuloma formation. Inflammation research involves a number of experimental models to study the anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammatory agents exert their effect through a spectrum of different modes of action. The anti-inflammatory activity of new substances can be evaluated by using various pre clinical screening method. Use of various phlogestic agent like carragenan, brewer's yeast, dextran, egg albumin, kaolin, aerosil, croton oil, and cotton wool inflammation is induced and the amount of decrease in its inducing characteristics is measured.

Keywords

Inflammation, Paw Edema, Erythema, Edema, Granuloma, Arthritis.

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Suresh Kumar Ghritlahare ¹, Trilochan Satapathy ¹, Prasanna Kumar Panda ², Geetanjali Mishra ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Near Vidhan Sabha, Raipur -493111 Dist-Raipur (C.G.), IN
2 University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vanivihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751004, IN
3 School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Berhampur University, Odisha-760007, IN

Abstract

Medicinal plants have played an important role throughout the world in treating and preventing human diseases, commiphora wightii is an important medicinal plant of herbal heritage of India. Guggul is obtained from commiphora mukul which belong to the Family, Burseraceae . C. mukul occurs in north east Africa, Somali and southern Arabia , in India it is found in Gujrat, Mysore , Bengal, M. Pradesh , Desert of Rajastasthan a list of few Commiphora species C. Mukul, C. Myrrh , C. Stocksiana Engl, C. Caudate Engl. etc, Guggul tree is small ,1.2-1.8 m high. Each plant yield about one kilogram of the product which is collected in cold Season, isolation of guggul sterons , extract with EtOAC yield soluble fraction and insoluble fraction, soluble fraction consist of 45% gum resin while 55% insoluble fraction contains carbohydrate, there is no any therapeutic property reported. Guggul lipid has active ingredients like Ketosteroids cis and trans is also known as sterones. guggulsterone-I, II, III, IV, V, VI, myrcene, dimyrcene, bioactive compounds in extract of mukul reported are dimyrcene, 15 α- camphorene. 16 linoleic, oleic, stearic, palmitic acid, sitosterol etc. It is therapeutically used in obesity hyperlipidaemia, arthritis, coronary thrombosis, cardiac disorders, diabetes, tumours, thyroid disorders, hepatic obstructions and weakness pharyngitis etc. Marketed formulation of Guggul triphala Guggul, Yougaraja Guggul, kaishora gugguln, Navaka guggul etc.

Keywords

Commiphora Mukul, Chemistry, Guggul Lipid, Therapeutic Uses.

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Jhakeshwar Prasad ¹, Ashish Kumar Netam ¹, Mahendra Kumar Sahu ¹, Trilochan Satapathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Near Vidhansabha, Raipur -493111Dist- Raipur (C.G.), IN

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are potentially mortifying complications in need of multidisciplinary endeavour. Imbalance of harmony in glucose homeostasis causes hyperglycemic status which in turn leads to activation of certain metabolic pathways subsequently that lead to development of vascular insufficiency, nerve damages headed by ulceration in lower extremity due to plantar pressures and foot deformity. The standard of care for DFUs consists of several conventional treatments such as, daily wound care dressings, off loading, infection control, glucose control and adequate Perfusion etc. Still the reported healing rate varied between 20.0% and 46.2%.So some newly invented therapies such as negative pressure therapy, topical therapies, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, growth factors, and other antibiotic therapies took upper hand over the conventionally used medications for the treatment of diabetic foot infections. These new therapies also bring about new opportunities for DFU patients. In this review our efforts have been devoted to summarize the various treatments available along with possible mechanism of action for the effective treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.

Keywords

Diabetic Foot Infections, Diagnosis, Becaplermin, PDGF, Antibiotic Therapy.

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Hemlata Dewangan ¹, Jhakeshwar Prasad ¹, Trilochan Satapathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Pin-493111, IN

Abstract

Imbalances in normal regulation of food intake can cause obesity and related disorders. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) share considerable amino acid sequence homology act as a robust anorexigenic hormone effectively modulates food intake and energy homeostasis, thus potentially aiding anti-obesity therapeutics. They are found in widely disparate locations, including the pancreas (PP), the distal gut (PYY), and the central nervous system (NPY). Intra-gastric and intra-intestinal infusion of nutrients stimulate PP secretion from the gastrointestinal tract, in turn that causes vagal stimulation and exerts complex actions via the neuropeptide Y4 receptor (Family of G-protein coupled Receptors) in arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, there by subsequently activating key hypothalamic nuclei and dorsal vagal complex of the brainstem to influence energy homeostasis and body composition. In this review our efforts have been devoted to summarize the detail about the pancreatic polypeptide their functions and mechanisms.

Keywords

Pancreatic Polypeptide, Anorexigenic Hormone, Vagal Stimulation, Obesity.

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Jhakeshwar Prasad ¹, Hemlata Dewangan ¹, Trilochan Satapathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Pin-493111, IN

Abstract

Cellular signaling plays an important role in alteration of cellular physiology and initiation of pharmacological response. Cells usually communicate with each other through extracellular messenger molecules called ligand which can travel a short distance and stimulate cells with the release of second messenger molecule by a cell that is engaged in sending messages to the downward in same cell or to the other cells in the body. Cells can only respond to a particular extracellular message if they express receptors for that ligand specifically recognize and bind that messenger molecule and the interaction between the ligand and receptor induces a conformational change in the receptor that causes the signal to be relayed across the membrane to the receptor’s cytoplasmic domain. A signaling pathway is activated by a diffusible second messenger and another in which a signaling pathway is activated by recruitment of proteins to the plasma membrane. Most signal transduction pathways involve a combination of these mechanisms. In this review we have tried to elaborate diagrammatically the details about the various pathways responsible for signaling for easy understanding for the future research.

Keywords

Ligand, Receptors, Signaling, Second Messenger, Pharmacological Response.

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Kiran P. Narkhede ¹, Trilochan Satapathy ², Bibhas Pandit ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, PRIST University, Thanjavur-614904, Tamilnadu, IN
2 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Near Vidhan Sabha, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Pin-493111, IN

Abstract

Background: Gastric ulcer is a life style disease, observed when gastric mucosa is exposed to the acid-pepsin mixture (APM) for prolonged period of time. The reason to undertake the present study is based on the scientific evidence that the cod liver oil found to possess a significant antioxidant and protective action against inflammation. However, there was no scientific proof established regarding the antiulcer activity of cod liver oil. As inflammation is one the causes of gastric ulcer, the present work was designed to evaluate the anti-ulcer efficiency of cod liver oil in three different ulcerated rat models. Methods: Ulcer was induced through pyloric ligation, ethanol, and aspirin. The effect of Cod liver oil was evaluated by estimating the pH of the gastric juice, volume of gastric juice, ulcer scores, free acidity, total acidity as well as mucin content in the ulcerated rat models. The degree of ulcer protective consequence was explored by comparing the data with standard drugs i.e. omeprazole and sucralfate. Results: Cod liver oil exhibited a significant mucosal protection and anti-secretory action in all three models. Cod liver oil showed percentage ulcer protection of >50% in pyloric ligation, ethanolinduced and aspirin-induced ulcer model when compared to standard drug omeprazole and sucralfate. Conclusion: The findings from the present study indicated that the use of cod liver oil in gastric ulcer may be beneficial as it showed significant mucoprotective and anti-secretory activity in ulcerated rat models.

Keywords

Anti-Ulcer, Cod Liver Oil, Pylorus Ligation, Ethanol-Induced Ulcer, Aspirin.

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Bibhas Pandit ¹, Trilochan Satapathy ¹, Pooja Tiwari ²

Affiliations
1 Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Near Vidhan Sabha, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, IN
2 SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh,-495009., IN

Abstract

Background: Therapeutic effect of ascorbic acid on amoxicillin and clavulanic acid-induced lipid peroxidation was carried out in got liver homogenates to investigate the relationship between drug-induced toxicity and drug-induced lipid peroxidation. Methods: The level of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and nitric oxide were estimated in control, drug-treated, drug-antioxidant treated and the only antioxidant-treated group at two hours and six hours of incubation time. Results: The level of malondialdehyde in the drug-treated group was found to be increased whereas the level of both reduced glutathione and nitric oxide decreased when compared to control. In the drug-antioxidant treated group, the level of malondialdehyde was found to be reduced whereas the extent of reduced glutathione, nitric oxide increased when compared to the drug-treated group. Conclusion: The present study established the potential of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid to induce lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, ascorbic acid repressed lipid peroxidation to a substantial level. Lipid peroxidation initiation capability of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid might be a contributing factor for their toxicity.

Keywords

Malondialdehyde, Nitric Oxide, Reduced Glutathione, Lipid Peroxidation, Amoxicillin, Clavulanic Acid, Ascorbic Acid, Antibiotics.

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Vandna Dewangan ¹, Ram Kumar Sahu ¹, Trilochan Satapathy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Near Vidhansabha, Village Tekari, Raipur, (C.G.) 493111, IN

Abstract

The direct reporting of adverse drug reactions by patients is becoming an increasingly important topic for discussion in the hospital of Pharmacovigilance. Voluntary adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is fundamental to medical drug safety surveillance; however, substantial under-reporting exists and is the main limitation of the system. At this time, hospital accepts consumer reports. The World Health Organization estimates that in 2005 and as well as 2019-2021 pneumococcal infections were responsible for the death of 1.6 million human worldwide. Pneumonia, the lungs become filled with fluid and inflamed, leading to breathing difficulties. For some people, breathing problems can become severe enough to require treatment at the hospital with oxygen or even a ventilator. The pneumonia that COVID-19 causes tends to take hold in both lungs. Moxifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is used for the treatment of respiratory tract, pelvic inflammatory disease, skin, and intra-abdominal infections. Its safety profile is considered favorable in most reviews but has been challenged with respect to rare but potentially fatal toxicities. The most common adverse drug reaction (ADR) constipation is nausea, vomiting, fatigue, alopecia, drowsiness, myelosuppression, skin reactions, anorexia, mucositis, diarrhoea and Medicines that have been particularly implicated in adverse drug reaction-related hospital admissions include anti-platelets, anticoagulants, cytotoxics, immunosuppressant’s, diuretics, anti-diabetics and antibiotics.

Keywords

Moxifloxacin, pneumonia, adverse drug reactions, antibiotic, Fungi, intra-abdominal infections, acute bacterial sinusitis, Fatigue, serious cutaneous reactions, inflammation, adverse event, difficulty breathing.

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Abinash Satapathy ¹, Kunal Chandrakar ², Suruj Kaushik ³, Trilochan Satapathy ²

Affiliations
1 Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Anjora, Durg - 491001, (C.G), IN
2 University College of Pharmacy, Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Memorial Health Sciences and Ayush University of Chhattisgarh, Raipur-492002, Chhattisgarh, IN
3 School of Pharmacy, Chouksey Engineering College, Masturi Road, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh-495004, IN

Abstract

India is the second largest country in the world based on the population that faces many challenges for various environmental issues such as water and air pollution etc. As per the survey by World Bank experts this issues become more exacerbated between 1947 and 1995. Within last decade India has devoted towards putting much efforts to resolve these environmental issues and improving environmental qualities. The major possible issues those contributes to various environmental issues include population growth, deforestation, establishment of industries for growth of economy, burning of fuel, degradation of agricultural lands, drainage of consumer waste into water resources such as rivers, depletion of natural resources such as water, mineral, rocks etc. Another major factor that contributes largely for environmental pollution includes solid waste pollution. As per the data available elsewhere there are more than hundred million tons of solid wastes generated by various cities in India in every year. Now-a-days it has been observed that the tourist places of India are also facing such issues. Green technology is an environment friendly technology which has developed and used to protect the environment and conserves natural resources. This technology is intended to mitigate or reverse the effects of human activity on the environment. Green technology generally uses innovative ideas and methods to create environment friendly products. Green nano-technology that uses green engineering and green chemistry is one of the emerging fields in science and technology. In the matter of environmental pollution and the disposal of waste, Green technology answers to that as well. Among all the possible areas where the creations and growth are possible that include; eco- friendly textiles, biodegradable papers and containers, green energy, green building, organic agriculture, and manufacturing of similar products and materials to support green business. Green technology covers a broad area of production and consumption technologies. The 7R’s of green technology also includes replace, reduce, reliable, repair, reuse, recycle and resources. The green technologies involve the use of environmental technologies for assessment of pollution prevention and control, remediation and restoration. A prevention technology helps to avoid the production of environmentally hazardous substances to minimize damage to the environment.

Keywords

Green technology, Green nano-technology, environment, global warming, pollution.

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