Informatics Publishing Limited

Tripti Sharma ¹, Sarang Pitale ²

Affiliations
1 Department. of Computer Science, Chhatrapati Shivaji Institute of Technology, Durg, C.G,-491 001, IN
2 Department of Information Technology, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Durg, C.G,-491 001, IN

Abstract

Text mining is providing new areas of research for the researchers. Front index extraction is one of such area in the field of text mining. Front index for a book is a tabular management of topics and subtopics with page numbers. Various ongoing researches focus on front index extraction from e-books using various techniques such as image processing. The present scheme focuses on front index extraction from research documents using a string matching algorithm. The paper also describe the working of a framework called Meta-Content framework for e-books, MCFE, which uses the front index extraction process and uses the extracted front index as meta information. The framework takes e-book in PDF form and extracts the front index by converting the PDF format e-book in text. The framework is developed using Java and iText library.

Keywords

Text Mining, Front Index, e-book, Meta-information, PDF, Java, itext

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Rajeshri Lanjewar ¹, Tripti Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Chhatrapati Shivaji Institute of Technology, Durg, CG, IN

Abstract

In any industry, the first step to finding and creating profitable customers is determining what drives profitability. This leads to better prospecting and more successful customer relationship management. Any company can segment and profile their customer base to uncover those profit drivers using the knowledge of their customers, products, and markets. Or they can use data-driven techniques to find natural clusters in their customer or prospect base. Whatever the method, the process will lead to knowledge and understanding that is critical to maintaining a competitive edge. Analyzing consumer behavior is a costly implementation of sophisticated information technology, which requires detailed planning and business knowledge for successful adoption. The current trend on consumer behavior analysis has been recognized on the business problem rather than on the information technology.

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Tripti Sharma ¹, Pradip Kumar Das ¹, Prabal Ranjan Ghosh ¹, Dipak Banerjee ¹, Joydip Mukherjee ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, IN

Abstract

Aim: The present investigation was conducted to study the association between udder morphology and in vitro activity of milk leukocytes in high yielding crossbred cows.
Materials and Methods: A total of 48 healthy high yielding crossbred cows were selected for the study. The udder configuration and teat/udder morphology were recorded before milking. Milk samples (100 ml/cow) were collected aseptically. Milk somatic cell counts (SCC) and milk differential leukocyte counts were performed microscopically. Milk leukocytes (viz., neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages) were isolated from milk samples by density gradient centrifugation. Phagocytic index (PI) of milk neutrophils and macrophages were evaluated by colorimetric nitro blue tetrazolium assay. Lymphocytes proliferation response was estimated by MTT assay and expressed as stimulation index.
Results: There was a significant (p<0.01) positive correlation between milk SCC with mid teat diameter, teat base diameter and significant (p<0.05) negative correlation between milk SCC and the height of the teat from the ground. Milk SCC was found to be significantly (p<0.01) lower in bowl-shaped udder and higher (p<0.01) in pendulous type. Milk macrophage percentage was positively (p<0.01) correlated with udder circumference. PI of milk neutrophil was negatively (p<0.01) correlation between teat base diameter, and PI of milk macrophages was found to be positively (p<0.01) correlated with teat apex diameter. Both PI of milk neutrophils and macrophages was found to be significantly (p<0.01) lower in the animals having flat and round teat and pendulous type of udder. In vitro PI of milk neutrophils was found to be significantly (p<0.01) lower in flat teat. In vitro PI of milk macrophages was found to be significantly (p<0.01) lower in the round and flat teats compared to pointed and cylindrical teats.
Conclusion: Udder risk factors such as teat shape and size, teat to floor distance, udder shape, and size may decrease the in vitro activity of milk leukocytes hence facilitates the incidence intramammary infections.

Keywords

Cows, Leukocytes, Milk, Morphology, Teat, Udder.

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