Informatics Publishing Limited

U. Kumar , S. C. Jena

Abstract

After physical reclamation of coal mine spoil dumps of SECL, Bilaspur (M.P.) a trial on biological reclamation through Integrated Biotechnical Approach was conducted. The height of overburden dumps was reduced and the top was flattened and given the shape of a saucer with the help of dozers. Saplings were planted in pits of 0.6 m × 0.6 m × O.6m size and fined with 4 parts of overburden soil, 1 part top soil collected from nearby areas and 15 kg of farm yard manure. The leguminous plants were inoculated with specialised cultures of Mycorrhizae-Rhizobium inoculum while Mycorrhizae-Azatobacter inoculum was used for non-leguminous plant species. In between the rows of trees inoculated Pennisitum pedicellatum and Heteropogon contorlus grasses mixed with Stylosanthus hemala were sown on beds of 1.0 m × 1.5m size. All these together have helped in controlling soil erosion, improving physical and chemical qualities of soil, increasing plant heights by 2.4 to 5.1 times more than normal growth of controls and achieving a plant survival percentage of 92%.

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U. Kumar , A. G. Vijay Kumar ¹, M. G. Shivaramu ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka State, IN

Abstract

SNDs certainly pose Medico-legal problems to law imposing authorities, relatives of the deceased and also to the doctors. The need for an autopsy examination becomes more important in presence of suspicious deaths, and deaths in presence of witnesses and under circumstances in which factors of emotional and physical strain may have played a role. PM examination in SNDs also assumes importance in context of insurance claims and may discourage unnecessary and unwanted litigations. Statistics of the different cases taken on the lines of etiological classification [majority of the sudden natural deaths (66%) were due to diseases of the cardio-vascular system, followed by deaths due to diseases of respiratory system accounting to 20%. Diseases of CNS and GI system constituted about 4% each for sudden natural deaths and remaining 6% by miscellaneous condition like malnutrition added with infection], age incidence [maximum no. of cases, i.e. 11 (22%) seen in the age group of 46 - 50 yrs], sex incidence [45 males cases (90%) and only 5 female cases (10%)], religion distribution [majority of the cases 29 (58%) being hindus], food habits [25 Non vegetarian cases (24%) and 12 vegetarian cases (24%)], personal habits [smokers and alcoholics with 10 cases (20%) and 11 cases (22%) respectively and 28 cases (56%) as non-smokers and 30 cases (60%) as non-alcoholics], and the period of survival [26 cases (52%) found dead elsewhere and 16 cases (32%) presented with history of brought dead to the hospital] have been reported.

Keywords

Sudden Natural Death (SND), Coronary Artery Diseases, Respiratory Diseases

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B. K. Nath ¹, P. K. Chakrabarti ², S. Das ³, U. Kumar ⁴, P. K. Mukhopadhyay ⁴, D. Das ¹

Affiliations
1 IUC-DAEF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 098, IN
2 Department of Physics, Asutosh College, Kolkata 700 026, IN
3 Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, IN
4 S. N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 098, IN

Abstract

Nanoparticles of zinc substituted Mg-ferrite (Mg_(1-x)Zn_xFe₂O₄, x = 0.70 and 0.85) with well-developed spinel phases have been prepared by standard co-precipitation method. Single-phase ferrite with a spinel structure began to form at a relatively lower temperature (∼200 °C). X-ray diffratometry and ⁵⁷Fe Mossbauer effect measurements were carried out to characterize Mg-Zn-ferrite nanoparticles. The particle sizes obtained from Sherrer equation lie in the range, 6.4 nm to 25.6 nm. Mossbauer measurements at room temperature and down to 20 K clearly indicate the presence of superparamagnetic particles in all the samples. Superparamagnetic relaxation was observed at room temperature even for larger particle size of the samples and this may be due to the weakening of A-B exchange interaction in ferrite lattice due to replacement of Fe³⁺ ions in tetrahedral sites by Zn²⁺ ions.

Keywords

Spinel Ferrites, Superparamagnetism, Mosshauer Spectroscopy, Relaxation Pacs No. : 75.50 Tt, 76.80+y, 75.30 Cr.

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S. Shukla ¹, U. Kumar ¹, S. K. Sharma ¹, P. Gupta ¹, A. Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Govt. of India, Ministry of Railways, Research Designs and Standards Organisation, IN

Abstract

Indian railway has improved the laden to tare weight ratio by producing lighter as well as higher strength bogie frame of freight rolling stock. Bogie frame is the crucial component of the rail vehicle which carries static load in the form of gross weight and dynamic loads arising from various track and wheel irregularities. The three piece freight vehicle bogie frame comprises two side frames and one bolster. The side frame; fitted with three piece bogie frame and responsible for the ride quality of the freight vehicle, is considered in present study. The locations suitable for weight reduction are found by finite element analysis (FEA), using side frame solid model in MSC FEA environment. International standards of the association of American railroad (AAR specification M-203) load cases and boundary conditions are deployed for analysis in the context of the operating scenario of Indian railways. Typical Indian railway track signatures are used as input for transient analysis. Time dependent stresses at critical speeds are used for fatigue strength evaluation as per Goodman diagram. The modified design is approx. 13.90% lighter and sustains 25.00 ton axle load in comparison of earlier 22.00 ton. Suggested topological changes have been compared by using frequencies of the initial and modified designs. Further, based on Indian railways running conditions, actual assessment and trial of the modified design bogie frame prototype has been carried out by Research Designs and Standards Organisation (RDSO). The results of the trial are found to be satisfactory and within the prescribed range.

Keywords

Rail Vehicle, Side Frame, Axle Load, Solid Model, Goodman Diagram, Fatigue Strength.

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