Informatics Publishing Limited

B. Abirami ¹, K. Sridhar ², V. Vaidhyanathan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of CSE, M.A.M. School of Engineering, Trichy - 621105, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of ECE, M.A.M.C.E.T, Trichy - 621105, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 School of Computing, SASTRA, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: The primary objective of this proposal is to explore the areas of applications for a Reconfigurable computing system and further to analyze the challenges in designing an Operating System suitable for such a computing environment. Method: In this paper we have discussed at length the issues in designing an operating system which will practically be suitable for a Reconfigurable computing environment. The different challenges faced by an Operatin System in handling the applications executed by a conventional CPU are analysed. The advantages of using the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in Reconfigurable Computing System (RCS) to handle complex applications and to increase the efficiency and throughput of the system are also discussed. Findings: A primary comparison was made with all existing strategies used in Reconfigurable Computing Systems. The inferences obtained from this analysis gave a clear picture that the objective can be achieved by designing a new OS or making some modifications in the kernel of the OS. By achieving this task, multitasking between the applications or processes can be done frequently yielding a far better performance and throughput. The challenges faced by an OS in dealing with the applications executed by the RCS can be eliminated to a greater extent. Improvements: By adopting these kind of designing strategies for the OS in a system with the programmable gate array, there is a considerable improvement and performance of the device also the life span of the device is increased which is considered as most important criteria for any users in computing environment. The new architecture and performance analysis is a research prone area in many of the leading Universities.

Keywords

Design Challenges, FPGA, Operating System, RCS

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B. Abirami ¹, K. Sridhar ², V. Vaidhyanathan ³

Affiliations
1 Department of CSE, M.A.M. School of Engineering, Trichy - 621105, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of ECE, M.A.M.C.E.T., Trichy - 621 105, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 School of Computing, SASTRA, Tanjore – 613 401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The primary objective of this proposal is to minimize the battery drain and to maximize the compatibility of the device so that the complexity of the device is much more reduced to enhance the battery period considerably. In this paper we adopted a method for increasing the response time using a priority based algorithm along with Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in Reconfigurable Computing System (RCS) to handle complex applications and to increase the efficiency and throughput of the system. A primary comparison was made with all existing algorithms namely First Come First Serve (FCFS), Round Robin, Shortest Job First (SJF) for a given set of processes by taking process delay as a core parameter. The result obtained from this analysis gave a clear picture that the objective can be achieved by decreasing the waiting time and by increasing the throughput. By achieving this task, multitasking between the applications or processes can be done frequently. By adopting these kind of scheduling algorithms with programmable gate array, there is a considerable improvement and performance of the device. Also, the life span of the device is increased which is considered as most important criteria for any users in computing environment.

Keywords

Operating System, Priority, Response Time, Scheduling, Throughput

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J. Pradeep Kumar Rao ¹, H. N. Nagamani ², V. Vaidhyanathan ³, T. Bhavani Shanker ⁴

Affiliations
1 Senior Research Fellow, Capacitors Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore- 560080, IN
2 Ex-Addl Director, Capacitors Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore- 560080, IN
3 Engineering Officier – III, Capacitors Divison, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore – 560080, IN
4 Joint Director and HOD, Capacitors Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore – 560080, IN

Abstract

The paper focuses on accepting Hybrid ultra-capacitors as working capacitors from a huge number of unconditioned ones. Hybrid ultra-capacitors of 12 V/2500 F range are evaluated for their performances. Healthy and faulty behavior of these capacitors is analyzed in terms of voltage discharge characteristics. Synthesis of lead carbon hybrid ultra-capacitors of 12 V/2500 F range from electrode to container form is discussed. The steps need to be followed to identify the healthy capacitors from the faulty capacitors are presented. Procedure developed for pre-conditioning of HUCs, performance evaluation and failure analysis results are discussed. From discussion, the condition for acceptance of 12 V/2500 F range Hybrid ultra-capacitor as an energy storage system for solar power applications is formulated.

Keywords

Pb – C HUC/HUC – lead carbon hybrid ultra-capacitor, constant voltage charging time duration.

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J. Pradeep Kumar Rao ¹, H. N. Nagamani ², V. Vaidhyanathan ³, T. Bhavani Shanker ⁴

Affiliations
1 Senior Research Fellow, Capacitors Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore- 560080, IN
2 Ex-Addl Director, Capacitors Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore- 560080, IN
3 Engineering Officer – III, Capacitors Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore – 560080, IN
4 Joint Director and HOD, Capacitors Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore – 560080, IN

Abstract

The paper discussess ome of the practical issues on direct parallel integration of lead acid battery and lead carbon hybrid ultra-capacitor to form an integrated energy storage system for solar power applications. The integrated energy storage system is subjected to various C rates to analyze the behavior of charging and discharging of HUC. The percentage contribution of HUC, in charging and discharging of the integrated energy storage system would be a useful information, while coupling battery and HUC in solar power applications. In view of this, experimental studies have been carried out at different C rates and results are presented.

Keywords

Pb - C HUC/HUC - Lead carbon Hybrid Ultra-capacitor, C rates, an integrated energy storage system

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K. Mallikarjunappa ¹, Chandrashekar D. Keri ¹, V. Vaidhyanathan ¹, Thirumurthy ¹, T. R. Afzal Ahmed ¹

Affiliations
1 Diagnostic, Cables and Capacitors Division, Central Power Research Institute, Banga, IN

Abstract

Majority of the generating sets operating in our country are turbo generators contributing nearly 70 % of the total electrical power generated. Many of these generators are about 30–40 years old and have already come to the end of their notional design life. The important components that have direct bearing on the operational reliability and life of the machine are: (1) Stator winding, (2) Stator core, and (3) Rotor winding. The stator winding is the most important and expensive part of the generator, where full power is generated. The life of the stator is affected by one or more combinations of various stresses, like electrical, thermal, mechanical and environmental, at any point of time during operation of the machine. Since the mechanical stresses are relatively higher in turbo generators, many of the stator winding failures are mechanically induced electrical failures. Some of the degradation processes include loosening of wedges and coils, slot and end-winding discharges, erosion of stress grading and corona shielding coatings, de-lamination of insulation, de-bonding of copper from insulation, etc.

Keywords

Degradation processes, Insulation resistance and polarisation index, DC Leakage current measurement, Dielectric loss angle, Partial discharge, Surge comparison, Wedge tightness detection, Electromagnetic core imperfection detection

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T. Bhavani Shanker ¹, V. Vaidhyanathan ¹, Shyam Ravichandran ¹, A. Sheik Mohamed ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru – 560080, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Batteries used in conventional solar micro grid applications for energy storage, experiences several micro cycles and deep discharges which have an adverse impact on the overall life of the battery. To handle such fluctuations, the batteries are being oversized. One solution to the above problem is usage of Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) comprising of Hybrid Ultra Capacitors (HUC) and Batteries wherein the HUCs’ will smoothen the battery current during surges, in turn aids in enhancing the battery’s life^1–3. This paper discusses the performance analysis of 1.5kW micro grid based on HESS by evaluating the electrical parameters across different scenarios.

Keywords

Electric Vehicles, Hybrid Ultra Capacitors, Power Batteries, Solar Micro-Grid.

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T. Bhavani Shanker ¹, Shyam Ravichandran ¹, V. Vaidhyanathan ¹, A. Sheik Mohamed ¹

Affiliations
1 Capacitor Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru – 560012, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Localised power generation and consumption using a solar-based hybrid micro-grid system are gaining predominance in remote locations where conventional transmission of power from far off substations work out to be uneconomical. Since the peak irradiance from the sun lasts for 4-6 hours per day, a hybrid micro-grid with batteries for storing energy is usually adopted. This study considered a typical household load of 3kW comprising resistive and inductive loads. Sudden surges will be caused by switching ON/OFF of any load, and in particular, switching ON of inductive loads (such as fans, washing machines and mixer) will further contribute to transients. These sudden changes in loads harm the cyclic life of the battery. A viable solution to overcome the above problem is to use Hybrid Ultra Capacitors (HUC) as an assistant to the Batteries. These HUC banks can take over the surge loads, whereas Batteries can focus on delivering steady power. Such a combination has the potential to enhance the battery’s life. This study discusses the performance of Hybrid Ultra Capacitor (HUC) based Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) in a 3kW Solar MicrogriAU: Please prod system by evaluating the electrical parameters involving experiments with different loads.

Keywords

Electric Vehicles, Hybrid Ultra Capacitors, Power Batteries, Solar Micro-grid.

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