Informatics Publishing Limited

Bhaskar Agarwal ¹, Mohit Kumar ², H A Alvi ³, Varun Arora ⁴, Srishti Agarwal ⁵

Affiliations
1 Senior Resident, IN
2 Department of Prosthodontics, Santosh University, Ghaziabad, UP, IN
3 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, IN
4 Active Research Group, Taj Enclave Basement, Tulsidas Marg, Chowk, Lucknow, UP, IN
5 De Dentist Clinic & Research centre, Lucknow, UP, IN

Abstract

Purpose: Knowing the fact that human body is bilaterally symmetrical, the facial profile is also bilaterally symmetrical, and hence the proportions applying to one medial part of face can be extended to the other parts too. Keeping this in mind the aim was to explore whether inner canthal distance (ICD) can be related to central incisor width (CIW). Material & Method: ICD and CIW of the 309 samples were measured along with their age and gender. Age and gender corrected standard curves were plotted between ICD and CIW to formulate a linear correlation. After obtaining the standard curves, the coefficients for age and ICD were obtained separately for both the sexes in the form of equation y =α + β1a1 + β2a2 where y=Calculated CIW (CCIW), is the constant, β1 and β2 are the coefficients derived for age and ICD respectively. Result: The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in CIW and CCIW. The interquartile range of differences was within 0.5 mm for both the genders. Conclusion: By using the variable, inner canthal distance can be used as a predictor of CIW. The method can successfully be used for treatment planning amongst edentulous subjects.

Keywords

Inner Canthal Distance, Central Incisor, Esthetic, Edentulous, Proportions.

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Anuradha ¹, Amandeep Kaur ¹, Mukesh Nagar ¹, Jagbir Malik ¹, Varun Arora ¹, Savita Chahal ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine Pt. BD Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Psychiatry, Pt. BD Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Domestic violence against women is a widespread, deeply ingrained evil, which has serious impact on health and well-being of the females. It is important to know the reasons for domestic violence for timely intervention. To study the reasons for domestic violence against married females of Haryana. It is a cross sectional study carried out on 880 currently married females of reproductive age group in both rural and urban areas of Haryana using Women's Questionnaire to find the prevalence of domestic violence. A specially designed semi structured questionnaire was administered to participants to assess the reasons for domestic violence. In rural area, the common causes of initiation of violence were arguing, substance abuse and poor family income. Arguing, substance abuse and refusal for sex were the common reasons stated by urban women. Breach of privacy was the most common reason reported by victims for not seeking help.

Keywords

Domestic Violence, reasons, arguing, substance abuse

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Ramesh Verma ¹, Neelam Kumar ², Raj Kumar ³, Varun Arora ⁴, Sat Pal ⁵

Affiliations
1 Medical Officer I/C Rural Health Training Centre CHC CHIR, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak, IN
3 Department of IMSAR Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, IN
4 Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak, Meenakshi Kharb BAMS, MBA, Rohtak, IN
5 Department of Physiology, PGIMS, Rohtak, IN

Abstract

To evaluate the utilization of health care services provided under ESI scheme. Cross-sectional, descriptive. ESI dispensary, Shivaji colony Rohtak. Percentage, simple proportion, chi square test, linear regression model. 500 Insured Persons. Out of total 500 participants, 418(83.6%) subjects were utilizing and rest 82(16.4%) were not utilizing ESI health care services. Among utilizing 418 (83.5%) participants, 391 (93.5%) insured persons were males and 27(6.5%) were females while among non-utilizing, 82 (6.5%), 78 (95.1%) insured were males and 4(4.9%) were females. The R value is 0.804 and adjusted R square is 0.630 meaning thereby 63% utilization of health care services at ESI dispensary is due to variables age, caste, literacy status, income, marital status, family members of study participants, knowledge about location of ESI, duration of insurance under ESI scheme, contribution deducted under ESI scheme, OPD timings, health care facility at ESI, distance of ESI-HCF from their residence, behavior of doctor, waiting time for registration and getting treatment, average time spent in ESI dispensary during treatment, satisfied with doctor's treatment and overall satisfaction with ESI services. The value of Durbin-Watson test is <2 which proves that there is no co-linearity among independent variables. Utilization of health care services is determined to a large extent by their availability and accessibility. Distance from the health care facility plays significant role in service utilization. Patients' satisfaction is not necessarily the main criterion by which primary care services should be judged, but the attitudes of the consumers of health care play important role which must be considered in evaluating services.

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Ramesh Verma ¹, Neelam Kumar ², Raj Kumar ³, Varun Arora ², Meenakshi Kharb ⁴, Suman Sharma ⁵

Affiliations
1 Medical Officer I/C Rural Health Training Centre, CHC CHIRI Rural Health Training Centre CHC CHIRI, Rohtak, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak, IN
3 Department of Institute of Management Studies And Research (IMSAR), Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, IN
4 BAMS, MBA, Rohtak, IN
5 Department of Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, IN

Abstract

What are the Effects of quality attributes of ESI Health Care Services on patient's satisfaction. To determine effects of quality attributes of ESI Health Care Services on patient's satisfaction. Cross-sectional, descriptive ESI dispensary, Shivaji colony Rohtak Percentage, simple proportion, chi square test, linear regression model. 500 Study participants The study population comprised of 500 persons [66.8% males and 33.2%females]. Maximum number of study participants (37.4%) were in the 30-39 years age group followed by 30.6% were in the age group of 20-29 years. Around one third (27%) study participants were dissatisfied with quality of health care services provided under ESI scheme. The study also revealed the reasons for dissatisfaction and most common reasons were found not good quality medicines (52.59%) and complete medicines (41.48%). There is need to strengthen the quality of health care service at ESI dispensary.

Keywords

ESI Health Care Services,patient's Satisfaction

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Varun Arora ¹, Tarun ², Ramesh Verma ³, Swati Arora ⁴, Meenakshi Kharb ⁵

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Department of General Medicine, B.P.S.G.M.C.(W), Khanpur Kalan, IN
3 Department of Community Medicine, B.P.S. G.M.C. (W), Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, IN
4 P.G.T. Computer Science, Pathania Public School, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
5 Q.M.O., NHM, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, long considered a disease of minor significance to world health is now taking its place as one of the main threat to human health in 21st century. A sizeable proportion of diabetes mellitus cases are undiagnosed& have a poor health seeking behaviour. The objective of the study was to assess Health seeking behavior of known type II diabetics in Urban Population of Rohtak. This Community based study was conducted in Urban field practice area attached to Dept. of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana. All the study subjects diagnosed with type II (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus attending the urban health centres during July -December 2013 were enrolled for the study. After receiving their verbal informed consent, the patients were interviewed by employing a pretested semi-structured questionnaire that contained details about epidemiological data and health seeking behaviour of the patients. The study variables were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Out of 92 known type II diabetics, 78 consented to participate in the study. Less then half (46.2%) were receiving regular treatment. Maximum (65.4%) patients sought treatment from private practitioners. 92.3% of known diabetics resorted to dietary treatment. 88.46% were receiving drugs and 19.23% received treatment in form of injectables. Belief (73.07%) and accessisibility (53.84%) were the major reason for deciding medical aid in chronic condition like diabetes mellitus. Study highlights the need for a community based education programme to emphasize the need for life style modifications and regularity of treatment.

Keywords

Health Seeking Behavior, Diabetics, Urban Population.

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Tarun ¹, Ramesh Verma ¹, Varun Arora ², Manish Sharma , Shalini Singh , Amit Arya ³

Affiliations
1 Department of General Medicine, B.P.S. G.M.C. (W), Khanpur Kalan, IN
2 Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS Rohtak, Haryana, IN
3 HCMS, IN

Abstract

In several ethnic populations including the relatively non-obese Indian population, the android pattern of body fat, typified by more upper body adiposity measured as waist hip ratio (WHR) was found to be a greater risk factor for type 2 diabetes than general obesity which is calculated by BMI. Various studies have shown that central obesity is common in Indians despite low rates of obesity. This is probably one of the reasons for a higher prevalence of diabetes in urban area To study the Anthropometric Indices & their relationship with diabetes in urban population of Rohtak, Haryana. Population based descriptive type of epidemiological study, design adopted was cross-sectional. Urban field practice area with population of 57000, attached to Dept. of Community Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak. 1003 subjects were selected using simple random sampling through random number table. Various anthropometric indices estimated were Weight, Height, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Hip Ratio, Waist Height Ratio. Fasting Blood Glucose estimation was done for detection of Diabetes using ADA criteria. ANOVA, chi square test, percentages & proportions. Out of 1003 study subjects, 81 were detected as diabetics & 103 were diagnosed as pre-diabetics. Mean weight of diabetics and pre diabetics was 65.77±12.94 kg and66±13.64kg, respectively which was significantly higher than that of non-diabetics 59.59±13.64kg (p < 0.001) implying a strong association of obesity with diabetes. Body mass index (BMI) was high in diabetics (26.11±4.31) as well as pre diabetics (25.68±4.98), classifying them as overweight as compared to normal BMI (22.99±4.20) in non-diabetics. (p< 0.001). Waist hip ratio was highest in diabetics (0.95±0.057) followed by in pre diabetics (0.92±0.069) and was least in non-diabetics (0.89±0.079). (p< 0.001)

Keywords

Anthropometric Indices, Diabetes.

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Anuradha ¹, Jagbir Malik ¹, Savita Chahal ², Amandeep Kaur ², Varun Arora ², Mukesh Nagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Community Medicine, Pt. BD Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Psychiatry, Pt. BD Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Domestic violence against women is a widespread, deeply ingrained evil, which has serious impact on health and well-being of the females. It is important to know the reasons for domestic violence for timely intervention. The objective of the study is to find out the reasons for domestic violence against married females of Haryana. It is a cross-sectional study carried out on 880 currently married females of reproductive age group in both rural and urban areas of Haryana using Women's Questionnaire to find the prevalence of domestic violence. A specially designed semi structured questionnaire was administered to participants to assess the reasons for domestic violence. It was found that in rural area, the common causes of initiation of violence were arguing, substance abuse and poor family income. Arguing, substance abuse and refusal for sex were the common reasons stated by urban women. Breach of privacy was the most common reason reported by victims for not seeking help.

Keywords

Domestic Violence, Reasons, Arguing, Substance Abuse.

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