D. Jackson ¹, M. Dev Anand ², T. Sivarajan ³, D. M. Mary Synthia Regis Prabha ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil – 629180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil – 629180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kottayam Institute of Technology and Science (KITS), Chengalam East, Pallickathodu, Kottayam – 686585, Kerala, IN
4 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Noorul Islam University, Kanyakumari – 629180, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

The objective of this work is to determine the performance of magnetic brakes in small wind turbines for various speeds. Finally, the quality of electric power produce can be enhanced by exact control of turbine`s rotor speed given by the magnetic brakes. Findings: Simulations have done using the various controllers comprising Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Controller, Proportional Integral Controller, Fuzzy Logic (FL) Controller and Non Linear Controller in Mat lab Simulink. A comparative study is then made for the above simulations and obtained a conclusion that PID is the best choice. Besides this, a turning is made for PID controller using bacterial Fragmentation Algorithm and the best fit results are obtained. With such a controller inserted in our system, the system can have its optimum performance even at stall conditions. Applications/Improvements: With such a controller inserted in our system, the system can have its optimum performance even at stall conditions.

Keywords

Control System, Fuzzy Logic Controller, Magnetic Brake, Torque, Wind Turbine

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M. Dev Anand ¹, S. Vijay Ananth ², D. Jackson ³, N. Prabhu ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629 180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Agni College of Technology, Thalambur, Chennai - 600130, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil - 629 180, Thuckalay, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kottayam Institute of Technology and Science (KITS), Chengalam East, Pallickathodu, Kottayam - 686585, Kerala, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Diesel engine's optional fuel known as Biodiesel holds fatty acids alkyl monoesters from oils of vegetable or fats of animals. It can be formed from renewable sources namely vegetable oils, restaurant waste oil and fry oil. Bio Diesel may be cost effective if produced from feedstock of low cast namely restaurant animal fats, waste oil, and fry oil, which contains of free fatty acids having high amount (FFA). Methods/Statistical Analysis: When processing these oils that are low cost problem occurs and fats are those they regularly possess huge quantity of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) which is impossible for conversion as biodiesel by means of an alkaline catalyst. In this work, a technique has been described for reducing the free fatty acids content of this feedstock's utilizing pretreatment of an acid catalyzed to esterify the free fatty acids earlier to transterifying the triglycerides with catalyst of an alkaline to fulfill the reaction. Chief principle of this work was to expand a two-step production technique of biodiesel from pork waste as a raw material. The variables were methanol to oil ration, base catalyst and acid concentration. With particular attention for optimizing, the first step was the acid catalyst esterification to reduce the free fatty acid content and the second step was alkali catalyzed Transeseterification to convert fatty acid methyl ester. Experiments established the RSM model validity. Maximum percentage of fatty acid methyl ester under optimum conditions of the variables was 93%. Findings: Optimum condition for Transeseterification was 13:1 of methanol to oil, 0.4gm sodium hydroxide concentration and 90min of reaction time. Optimum condition for the acid catalyzed esterification was found to be 1.5v/v. ANOVA analysis has been executed for studying the effect of the variables and response surfaces were plotted. Experiments established the RSM model validity. Applications/Improvements: Experiments are going to be establishing the RSM model validity along with tuning with the help of intelligent algorithms.

Keywords

Biodiesel, Esterification, Free Fatty Acids, RSM, Transeseterification

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