Sudharshan Chakravarthy ¹, S. Prasanna Venkatesan ¹, J. Madhav Anand ¹, J. Jennifer Ranjani ²

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 SASTRA University, Thanjavur – 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: In this contemporary social networking era, it is no bewilderment that, information security breach is at its epitome, especially on texts/images. Thus there is a requisite for integrity for information to be transmitted over an insecure channel. Thus image/text encryption plays a vital preprocessing role in contemporary data transmission. Method: This paper analyses the performances of four novel, lossless methodologies of implementing the enhanced Playfair cipher in spatial and frequency domains, with integer wavelet transform (IWT) through lifting scheme. Findings: The proposed methods involve a spatial domain algorithm being applied to the frequency domain of the images for encryption which gives out better desired error metrics. Application: The most feasible method out of these proposed approaches can be chosen either as a stand-alone encryption and transmission mechanism or a pre-requisite step for that specific image in steganography and watermarking.

Keywords

Enhanced Playfair Cipher, Integer Wavelet Transforms, Image Encryption, Internet Security, Lifting Scheme.

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R. Padmanaban ¹, J. Jennifer Ranjani ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, Sastra University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: In the recent past, vehicle theft is increasingly prevalent. The objective of the study is to propose a method to overcome the problem. Methods: In this paper, a technique is proposed that resolves the above mentioned problem. The primary purpose of the proposed scheme is to protect the vehicle from any unauthorized access using a cryptographic algorithm. Findings: The surety of the algorithm is achieved by combining cryptographic algorithm with a secret key. A randomly chosen binary template is used as a secret key which is then integrated with the input in order to generate the hash value using an MD5 hashing algorithm. This hash value is then compared with the stored hash value in order to operate the vehicle. In hashing algorithm, the hidden key is a data in which it is applied as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes a password. The principal use of the private key is to defend against dictionary attack and a rainbow table attack. Improvements/Applications: Thus, this technique achieves data confidentiality, data integrity, data privacy, authentication, and also is efficient in terms of processing time.

Keywords

Authentication, Cryptography, Hashing Algorithm, Intrusion Prevention.

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S. Reena ¹, J. Jennifer Ranjani ²

Affiliations
1 Embedded Systems, School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: Monitoring the road traffic is helpful to know about the traffic density of a particular location, which helps in redirecting the traffic when crowded. In this paper, traffic density is monitored and vehicle count is estimated using background subtraction algorithm. Methods: The proposed technique utilizes a novel Motion Detection and Running Gaussian Average (MDRGA) recursive technique. The frame is captured from the input video sequence and is transformed to 0 to 255 gray levels from RGB color mode. This conversion considers the RGB values for each pixel and yield the corresponding reflectance value proportional to the brightness percentage of that pixel. The edge detection is then performed on the gray converted by locating the pixels of the image that correspond to the edges. Findings: The proposed system detects motion by comparing sequential frames crossing an imaginary line marked in the reference frame. Thus, the traffic density is detected and the proposed method is found to be efficient in terms of cost, quality and accuracy. This algorithm fetches the input video quickly from camera or storage device, processes immediately and gives the count of vehicles. This proposed system avoids occlusion problems and gives better results. Applications/ Improvements: This algorithm is helpful to avoid traffic collisions at peak areas, to avoid accidents and to reach the destination on time. Thus, the proposed system finds its application in real time systems and provides risk free environment.

Keywords

Background Subtraction, Motion Detection and Running Gaussian Average (MDRGA) Recursive Technique, Redirection, Vehicle Count.

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S. Surendharan ¹, J. Jennifer Ranjani ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: The autonomous driving allures the attention of people for its technical ability to free up the time behind the wheel and from paying attention to the road. This idea encourages the development of a variety of more sophisticated cars day by day. The driverless car is a vehicle that is accomplished by identifying its environment and steering without a car driver. In short, autonomous vehicles are designed to travel between the destinations by keeping the vehicles on a lane even when the traffic conditions change. Methods: This paper focuses on establishing a technology to develop a unique approach for the integration of autonomous robots into transportation systems. Findings: In this intended method, the autonomous vehicles consist of three subsystems. First, the input unit consists of a camera and ultrasonic sensor to sense their environment and distance measurement. Second, a processing unit is capable of analyzing the sensory data to differentiate objects on the road, which is very useful in planning a path. And the third one is a control unit that interprets the information and makes appropriate decision for keeping the vehicle in a desired path. Applications: The proposed prototype is developed using Raspberry Pi as input and processing unit. A low cost Arduino board is used as a control unit.

Keywords

Arduino board, Autonomous Vehicles, Control Unit, Processing Unit, Raspberry Pi.

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J. Jennifer Ranjani ¹, M. Babu ²

Affiliations
1 School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur - 613401, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kings College of Engineering, Pudukottai – 613303 , Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: Retrieving images from huge volumes of image database has its application in broad areas like medicine, agriculture, military etc. Annotation based approaches have become obsolete because they are time consuming and cannot describe the image effectively. The rich content in the images can overcome the limitations of annotation based techniques. Texture is the most vital visual cue used to analyze images. Methods: In the proposed technique, the image texture features are statistically represented using Generalized Gaussian Distribution in the wavelet domain. A linear score based Support Vector Machine is incorporated to identify analogous patterns to the query image from the database. Findings: The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is ascertained by conducting extensive experiments. Two texture image database of size 1400 and 1920 is used for our experiment. The proposed algorithm is verified in terms of average recall performance against the standard benchmark algorithms. It is observed that the proposed score based SVM yields higher precision and flexibility in separating the similarity within the classes and dissimilarity across different classes. Improvements/Applications: Compared to the traditional approaches, the retrieval rate of this method is improved by 30% at a considerably low computational complexity.

Keywords

Generalized Gaussian Distribution, Support Vector Machine, Texture Retrieval.

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