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Yadav, Krishan
- Cocoa Products Exports of India:A Markov Chain Analysis
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, IN
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, IN
Source
International Journal of Education and Management Studies, Vol 7, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 425-428Abstract
After introduction of cocoa in early half of 20th century, it gained momentum in late l990s only. Though the growth rates in area, production, export quantity and value were heartening, the actual situation of Indian export sector of cocoa products was disheartening. The paper attempts to quantify the changing structure of Indian cocoa products exports. Data for analysis was taken for a period of 16 years from 2000-01 to 2016-17. The Markov chain analysis was attempted through linear programming method to assess the transition probabilities for the major cocoa markets. The major Indian cocoa export markets were categorized as stable market (USA, China, & others) and unstable markets (Singapore, Netherland) based on the magnitude of transition probabilities. The major export markets for Indian cocoas were USA (14.9%), Nepal(11.6%),China(7.71%), Netherland (6.94%)and Singapore (5.06%). The holistic conclusion leads to the need of emphasizing on productivity enhancing research, measures to stabilize existing markets and tapping other markets section for improvement in this sector.Keywords
Markov Chain, Cocoa Products, Export Direction, Structural Change.
References
- Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA). http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/product_profile/prd_profile.aspx?categorycode=0504
- Annual Report (2014-15). International Cocoa Organization, https://www.icco.org/about-us/international-cocoa
- Dent, W. T (1967). Application of Markov analysis to international wool flows. Review of Economics and Statistics, 49(2), 613-616.
- Directorate of Cashew and Cocoa Development http://dccd.gov.in/WriteReadData/ContentFiles/ContentFile-20170607015605PM.pdf
- Essoh N.P.S. (2014). Cote divoire commodities export and shipping: Challenges for port traffic and regional market size. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 4,234-245.
- Fialor, S. (1985). An analysis of the production pattern and marketing of cocoa in Ghana. M. Sc. (Agri) Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore.
- Seetharaman, G. (2017). Despite growing demand for chocolate, India imports most of its cocoa. The Economic Times, pp.8.
- Kusuma, D. K., & Basavaraju, H. (2014). Stability analysis of mango export markets of lndia: Markoc chain approach. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(1), 39.
- Kumar, P., Badal, P.S., & Achoth, L. (2007). Changing direction of Indian mango exports. Indian Journal of Agricultural Marketin, 21(1),129-135.
- Yeledhalli, R.A., Praveen, H.P, Chidanand, P, & Naik, V.R. (2012). Changing direction and magnitude of India major fruit export to middle east countries. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(2), 650-670.
- Structural Changes in India's Trade of Pulses:A Markov Approach
Abstract Views :210 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
Source
International Journal of Education and Management Studies, Vol 7, No 3 (2017), Pagination: 438-441Abstract
To access the growth and structural changes taking place in pulses area, production, productivity and trade aspects this analysis was carried out for a period of 10 years ranging from 2007-08 to 2016-17. It was done by calculating compound and simple growth statistics and by developing separate transitional matrix for exports and imports. Results regarding area, production, productivity, collective quantity and value of exports exhibited 1.88 percent, 3.63 percent, 1.71 percent,5.45 percent and 3.23 percent rate of compound growth rate respectively. Markov Chain analysis was attempted through linear programming method to assess the transition probabilities for the major pulses export markets of Indian pulses and nations importing pulses to India. The major Indian pulses export markets were categorized as stable market (UAE) and unstable markets (Pakistan & Saudi Arab) based on the magnitude of transition probabilities. The import transition matrix also brought forward Canada and Myanmar as most trusted and Australia & USA as most unstable suppliers of Indian pulses imports. In conclusion, the growth in production (3.63 %) of the world's largest producer was far behind the simultaneous growth in import quantity (17.12%).Keywords
Markov, Pulses, Export Direction, Structural Change.References
- Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority, (APEDA) (2013). http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/product_profile/prd_profile.aspx?category code=0504 Food and agricultural Organisation Statistics.
- Hugar L B., 2002, Onion Export Markets and Their Stability for Increasing India's Exports: Markov Chain Approach. Artha-Vikas, XXX(VII), 1-9.
- Krishnadas, M. (2010). Production and export performance of major Indian spices an economic analysis. Thesis submitted to Department of agricultural economics the university of agricultural sciences, Dharwad.
- Kumar, P, Badal, P. S., & Achoth, L. (2007). Changing direction of Indian mango exports. Indian Journal of Agricultural Marketing, 21(1), 129-135.
- Martolia, R. (2016). Dynamics of pulse production and trade in India. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, PhD Thesis, Report No. P0061.
- Siddeshwar, S., Shiraganvi, & Guledagudda, S. S. (2017). Analysis of chickpea export markets of India-Markov chain approach. International Journal of Current Research, 9(2), 46542-46544.
- Srivastavaa,S. K., Sivaramaneb, N., & Mathura, V. C. (2010). Diagnosis of pulses performance of India. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 23, 137-148.
- Preferences, Utility, Major Constraints Faced and Implication Suggested by the Readers of Haryana Kheti
Abstract Views :241 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
1 Department of Extension Education, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
Source
International Journal of Education and Management Studies, Vol 7, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 483-485Abstract
One of the most important and powerful tool of extension in the armory of Directorate of Extension Education is monthly agricultural Magazine; Haryana Kheti. A magazine published by Directorate of Extension Education from the last fifty years. It covers all important aspects of agriculture that affects the day to day life of farming community like; recent developments in the field of agriculture, animal husbandry, home sciences, along with government schemes and programmes related to welfare of farming community. Approximately 3,500 copies of Haryana Kheti are printed every month. To study the farmers' preferences, overall utility and constraints faced by the readers of the magazine, a study was conducted on the subscribers of Haryana Kheti. The sample was selected by choosing 10 respondents randomly from Eastern, Western, Northern and Southern Haryana, respectively. Another 10 respondents were selected from neighboring states of Punjab and Rajasthan. Data was collected by sending postal mail to the subscribers' addresses and conducting telephonic interview by using a well structures questionnaire/ Interview schedule. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted for drawing the conclusion. The study revealed the "Monthly Krishi Karaya" (Agricultural practices of the month) was the most preferred article, followed by articles on Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and articles on Government policies. As far as, overall utility of Haryana Kheti is concerned; more than sixty percent farmers told it as 'Very Use full'. Analysis of data related to major constraints faced by the farmers showed that 'delay in delivery' was very serious constraint, closely followed by 'Poor or lack of photographs' and 'poor printing and paper quality'.Keywords
Preferences, Overall Utility, Constraints Faced, Haryana Kheti.- To Study the Residential Background and Performance of Agriculture Students in Academics
Abstract Views :190 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
1 Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
Source
International Journal of Education and Management Studies, Vol 7, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 573-574Abstract
This study was conducted on the final year students of agriculture in Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The objective of the study was to observe that which of the students (either of rural or urban backgrounds) perform better in agriculture during their degree programme. Both of the programme (6 year & 4 year programme) students were included in the population and their total number was 94. The study reveals that urban students performed academically better than rural students but general thinking is that rural students should perform better in agriculture.Keywords
Rural Background, Urban Background, Academic Performance, Agriculture Students.- Adaptability of Internet as an Extension Tool:A Study of CCSHAU Extension Personnel
Abstract Views :179 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
1 Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, IN
Source
International Journal of Education and Management Studies, Vol 8, No 3 (2018), Pagination: 370-373Abstract
Extension advisory services (EAS) entail more than just the transfer of technologies. In a broader sense, EAS means the transfer of know-how and information, which will ultimately enable the client/farmer to make his/her autonomous decision to adjust or modify the production and/or adopt innovations. The study was conducted to determine the adaptability of internet as an extension advisory tool by extension personnel of CCSHAU Hisar for enhancing transfer of technology. It involved a total of 108 extension personnel with 23 from main campus and 85 from outstation. The researcher conducted census survey and interview to the respondents during the data gathering process; used statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) programs in data computation and analysis, in which, specifically used descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that majority of extension personnel recommended the regular use of internet as an extension tool and almost one-third of the respondents started using the internet as an extension tool, the day it was installed in their office.Keywords
Adaptability, Internet, Extension Tool, Extension Personnel.References
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- Constraints Perceived in Adoption of Post-Harvest Management Practices by Mango Growers of Haryana
Abstract Views :340 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Extension Education, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 ATP O/o ADP, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
1 Department of Extension Education, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 ATP O/o ADP, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
Source
International Journal of Education and Management Studies, Vol 9, No 2 (2019), Pagination: 118-120Abstract
Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) is known as king of fruits. It belongs to the family Anacardiaceae and genus Mangifera. In Haryana, the maximum area under mango cultivation is in Yamunanagar district with 5419 hectare followed by Ambala, Panchkula, andKamal. The production of mango in Yamunanagar is 60.02 thousand MT. The present study was conducted in Yamunanagar district of Haryana. This area was selected purposely because of maximum area under mango fruit crops. Further two blocks, Chhachhrauli and Jagadhari were selected purposively from Yamunanagar district and from each block two villages were selected randomly and thereby a total number of four villages was selected for data collection. Thirty mango grower farmers were selected randomly from each village for the study and thus, a total number of 120 farmers were interviewed. The specific objectives ofthe present study were socio-economic status, knowledge, adoption and the constraints in adoption of post-harvest management practices by mango growers. The data were collected with the help of well-structured interview schedule..Twelve important independent variables such as age, education, socio-economic status, caste, family size, occupation of respondents, annual income, land holdings, farm implements, mass media exposure, extension contacts, and irrigation facilities were selected for the study. The study revealed that majority of the farmers were middle aged and belonged to general caste, more than ha lf of the respondents were educated matric to graduate and one-third of respondents had family members up to 5. Most of them were engaged in farming and nearly two-third per cent of the respondents had annual income above Rs. 1 lakh. More than h a lf of the farmers belonged to medium to high level of socio-economic status. Majority ofthe farmers belonged to low to medium level of mass media and extension contacts. More than half of the farmers used tube well as source of irrigation.Keywords
Adoption, Constraints, Respondents, Mango Grower, Marketing, Production.References
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