International Journal of Education and Management Studies

Sunil Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Administration, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Special Economic Zones (SEZs) is one of the export promotion schemes of the government of India among Export Processing Zones (EPZs), Hundred Percent Export Oriented Industrial Units (E0Us), Technology Parks (TPs), etc. The Special Economic Zone is a geographical region which has more liberal economic laws than a country's typical economic laws. SEZ is an instrument of capacity development with the goal to promote rapid economic growth by using fiscal and business incentives to magnetize foreign investment and technology. In Asia, India was one of the first countries to recognize the effectiveness of the Export Processing Zone (EPZ) model in promoting exports. Hence, the first EPZ in Asia was set up in Kandla in 1965. The Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Policy was announced in April 2000, with a view to overcome the shortcomings experienced on account of the multiplicity of controls and clearances, absence of world-class infrastructure and an unstable fiscal regime, with a view to attract larger foreign investments in India. Apart from Central government, any private/ public/ joint sector or State Government can set up an SEZ. Before recommending any proposal to department of commerce, the State must satisfy themselves that they are in a position to supply basic inputs like water, electricity etc. SEZs have potential to play a key role in economic development of a country, as they did for China. In this paper an attempt is made to study the of SEZs. The paper is based on the secondary data. The impact of SEZs on different sectors is examined in the paper.

Keywords

SEZ, Export Processing Zones, Challenges And Drawbacks, Benefits

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Sunil Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Business Administration, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Most of the present day underdeveloped countries of the world have set out a planned programme for accelerating the pace of their economic development. In a country planning for industrialization and aiming to achieve a target rate of growth, there is a need for resources. The resources can be mobilized through domestic as well as foreign sources. So far as, the domestic sources are concerned, they may not be sufficient to acquire the fixed rate of growth. Generally domestic savings are less than the required amount of investment. Also the very process of industrialization calls for import of capital goods which cannot be locally produced. Hence comes the need for foreign sources. They not only supplement the domestic savings but also provide the recipient country with extra foreign exchange to buy imports essential for filling the saving investment gap and foreign exchange gap. FDI implies that the investor exerts a significant degree of influence on the management of the enterprise resident in the other economy. Such investment involves both the initial transaction between the two entities and all subsequent transaction between them among foreign affiliates, both incorporated and un-incorporated. Individuals as well as business entities may undertake FDI. Flows of FDI comprise capital provided (either directly or through other related enterprises) by a Foreign Direct Investor to an FDI enterprise, or capital received from an FDI enterprise by a foreign direct investor. FDI has three components, viz., equity capital, reinvested earnings and intra-company loans.

Keywords

Inflows of FDI, Outflows of FDI, FDI Contribution in GDP, Growth Rate of FDI

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Anil Kumar Malik ¹, A. K. Godara ², Sunil Kumar ³, Sube Singh ⁴, Ashok Kumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Directorate of Extension Education CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Extension Education CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
3 Department of Seed Science and Technology CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN
4 Extension Education, Directorate of Extension Education, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Radio plays a very significant role in the lives of young people, as it informs, educates and entertains its audience, and information derived from radio is used for decision making, logical argument, and more. Considering its importance, an exploratory study was carried out with 200 agricultural students selected from three constituents colleges of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar through proportionate random sampling method using a structured interview schedule. Empirical data were tabulated and analyzed with the help of appropriate statistical tools by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings of the study revealed that almost two-fifth of the students (39.68 %) listened radio 'rarely' for 'up to 30 min per day'. Moreover, majority of students (93.65%) listened radio for entertainment purpose, followed by current affair information and news channels, etc.

Keywords

Agricultural Students, Radio, Utilization Pattern.

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