Journal of Biological Control

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Field Performance of Three Exotic Parasitoids Against Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Williams and Granara De Willink) Infesting Cassava in Tamil Nadu


Affiliations
1 Research Extension Center, Central Silk Board (CSB), Inam Karisal Kulam (Post), Srivilliputtur 626 125, Tamil Nadu, India
 

The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus an invasive polyphagous exotic pest assumed alarming status in Tamil Nadu during 2009–2010 because of its sudden outbreak on number of crops. Three encyrtid parasitoids viz., Anagyrus loecki, Acerophagus papayae and Pseudleptomastix mexicana were released in cassava gardens severely infested by papaya mealybug in 3 locations each at Salem, Namakkal and Dharmapuri districts of Tamil Nadu @ 200 individuals per location during November, 2010. An average of 6.08% parasitism and 11.51% reduction in P. marginatus population was noticed a month after release of parasitoids with a corresponding increase in percent parasitism @ 2, 3, 4 & 5th months. The population of P. marginatus from the tapioca garden was eliminated up to 93.15% @ 6th month corresponding to 76.33% parasitism. Among the parasitoids released, highest proliferation and field activity was observed in the case of A. papayae accounting for 80.89 – 94.31% parasitization and P. mexicana registered comparatively lesser performance (5.69 – 19.11%) whereas the field establishment of A. loecki was not noticed during the study period.

Keywords

Cassava, Paracoccus marginatus, Parasitoids, Anagyrus loecki, Acerophagus papayae and Pseudleptomastix mexicana, Field Efficacy.
User
Notifications

  • Dent D. 1995. Principles of integrated pest management pp. 8–46. In: Dent, D. (Ed.), Integrated Pest Management, Chapman and Hall, New York.

  • Jonathan EI, Karuppuchamy P, Kalyanasundaram M, Suresh S, Mahalingam CA. 2010. Status of papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu and its management, pp. 24–33. In: Proceedings of the National consultation meeting on strategies for deployment and impact of the imported parasitoids of papaya mealybug, 30th October, 2010, NBAII, Bangalore.

  • Kalyanasundaram M, Karuppuchamy P, Divya S, Sakthivel P. Rabindra RJ, Shylesha AN. 2010. Impact of release of the imported parasitoid Acerophagus papayae on the management of paya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus in Tamil Nadu, pp. 68–72. In: Proceedings of the national consultation meeting on strategies for deployment and impact of the imported parasitoids of papaya mealybug, 30 October, 2010, NBAII, ICAR, Bangalore, India.

  • Kauffman WC, Meyerdirk DE, Miller D, Schauff M, Hernandez HG, Jimenez JAV. 2001. Papaya mealy-bug biological control in Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic. ESA Annual Meeting 2001: Ann. Entomological Odyssey of ESA (http://creatures. ifas.ufl.edu/fruit/mealybugs/papayamealybug.htm).

  • Kaushalaya G, Amarasekare CM, Mannion, Epsky ND. 2008. Host instar susceptibility and selection and interspecific competition of three introduced parasitoids of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Env Ent. 39: 1506–1512.

  • Lyla KR, Sinish MS, Vidya CV, Chellappan M. 2012. Classical biocontrol of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink in Kerala using the parasitoid, Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). J Biol Control 26(4): 386–388.

  • Meyerdirk DE, Muniappan R, Warkentin R, Bamba J, Reddy GVP. 2004. Biological control of the papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Guam. Pl Prot Qtly 19(3): 110–114.

  • Muniappan R, Meyerdirk DE, Sengebau FM, Berringer DD, Reddy GVP. 2006. Classical biological control of the papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the Republic of Palau. Florida Entomol. 89(2): 212–217.

  • Rabindra RJ, Shylesha, AN. 2011. Emerging alien invasive pests and classical biological control in India, pp. 106–122. In: National Symposium on harnessing bio-diversity for biological control of crop pests. May 25–26, 2011, Society for Biocontrol Advancement, Bangalore, India.

  • Sakthivel N. Qadri SMH. 2010. Incidence of papaya mealybug on tapioca in Tamil Nadu, Indian Silk 1 (5-6): 8–9.

  • Sakthivel N, Samuthiravelu P, Ravikumar J, Balakrishna R, Isaiarasu L. 2011a. Effect of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink incidence on productivity of mulberry (Morus alba L.) and economic traits of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.), pp. 190–193. In: Dunston P.

  • Ambrose, (Eds.) Proceedings of international symposium on insect pest management, a current scenario, Entomology Research Unit, St. Xavier’s college, Palayamkottai.

  • Sakthivel N, Balakrishna R, Qadri SMH. 2011b. Comparative efficacy of water jetting and chemical measures against major sucking pests of mulberry and their safety to natural enemies. J Biopest. 4 (2): 219–230.

  • Sakthivel N, Qadri SMH, Balakrishna R, Kirsur MV, Helen SM. 2012. Management strategies of papaya mealybug infesting mulberry, Technical Bulletin, January 2012, Regional Sericultural Research Station, Central Silk Board, Allikkuttai, Salem, India. 4 pp.

  • Selvaraju NG, Sakthivel N. 2011. Host plants of papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink.) in Tamil Nadu. Kar J Agric Sci. 24(4): 567–569.

  • Shylesha AN, Dhanyavathy, Shivaraj. 2010a. Mass production of parasitoids for the classical biological control of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus, pp. 63–67. In: Proceedings of the national consultation meeting on strategies for deployment and impact of the imported parasitoids of papaya mealybug. 30 October, 2010, NBAII, ICAR, Bangalore, India.

  • Shylesha AN, Rabindra RJ, Bhumannavar BS. 2010b. The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae), pp. 1–8. In: Proceedings of the national consultation meeting on strategies for deployment and impact of the imported parasitoids of papaya mealybug. 30 October, 2010, NBAII, ICAR, Bangalore, India.

  • Van Strien-van Liempt, WTFH. 1983. The competition between Asobaratobida Nees von Esenbeck, 1834 and Leptoprilina heterotoma (Thomson, 1862) in multiparasitized hosts. Netherlands J Zool. 33: 125–163.


Abstract Views: 260

PDF Views: 113




  • Field Performance of Three Exotic Parasitoids Against Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Williams and Granara De Willink) Infesting Cassava in Tamil Nadu

Abstract Views: 260  |  PDF Views: 113

Authors

N. Sakthivel
Research Extension Center, Central Silk Board (CSB), Inam Karisal Kulam (Post), Srivilliputtur 626 125, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract


The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus an invasive polyphagous exotic pest assumed alarming status in Tamil Nadu during 2009–2010 because of its sudden outbreak on number of crops. Three encyrtid parasitoids viz., Anagyrus loecki, Acerophagus papayae and Pseudleptomastix mexicana were released in cassava gardens severely infested by papaya mealybug in 3 locations each at Salem, Namakkal and Dharmapuri districts of Tamil Nadu @ 200 individuals per location during November, 2010. An average of 6.08% parasitism and 11.51% reduction in P. marginatus population was noticed a month after release of parasitoids with a corresponding increase in percent parasitism @ 2, 3, 4 & 5th months. The population of P. marginatus from the tapioca garden was eliminated up to 93.15% @ 6th month corresponding to 76.33% parasitism. Among the parasitoids released, highest proliferation and field activity was observed in the case of A. papayae accounting for 80.89 – 94.31% parasitization and P. mexicana registered comparatively lesser performance (5.69 – 19.11%) whereas the field establishment of A. loecki was not noticed during the study period.

Keywords


Cassava, Paracoccus marginatus, Parasitoids, Anagyrus loecki, Acerophagus papayae and Pseudleptomastix mexicana, Field Efficacy.

References