Jayanth, K. P.

• Field Evaluation of Sunflower Varieties for Susceptibility to the Parthenium Beetle Zygogramma bicolorata

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Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 48-52

Abstract

Fifteen varieties of sunfluwer (Helianthus annuus L.) were evaluated under field conditfuns fur their feeding attraction to the Mexican beetle Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera : Chrysomeltdae), a potential biological control agent of the noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae). When 500 marked adults were released on one-month-old sunflower plants, 90% of them were observed to move away in une day, 99.2% by the 4th day and 100% by the 7th day. Althuugh upto 4.8l milliun adults were estimated to be present at a time in the 2 ha weed stand surrounding the experimental plot, the numbers that alighted on the sunflower crop were negligible and did not exceed 316 adults on 651 plants. However, slight feeding by adults was noticed on 6 plants for 5 days, after which they moved away. The present studies indicate that sunflower is not a suitable host plant for the beetle and the chances of host shift appear remote.

Keywords

Zygogramma bicolorata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Susceptibility, Sunflower, Varieties.

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• Effect of Some Commonly Used Weedicides on the Parthenium Beetle Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae)

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Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, Geetha Bali ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Banagalore - 560 089, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 1 (1993), Pagination: 54-56

Abstract

The neotropical plant Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) is a serious weed of agricultural fields, pastures and waste lands in most parts of India (Krishnamurthy et al., 1977). The mexican beetle Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), releases of which were iniitiated in 1984 (Jayanth, 1987), is proving to be a promising biological control agent in and around Bangalore (Jayanth and Geetha Bali, 1990). A number of weedicides have been recommended for the control of, P.hysterophorus in India (Krishnamurthy et al., 1977 ; Muniappa et 01., 1980; Challa, 1987). In situations where chemical methods are preferred, it would be ideal to use weedicides that are least harmful to Z.bicolorata. With this in view, the impact of some commonly used weedicides were tested for their safety to the beetle.

Keywords

Zygogramma bicolorata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Biological Control, Weeds, Effect of Weedicides.

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• Biological Studies on Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), a Potential Biocontrol Agent of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae)

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Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, Geetha Bali ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore, 560089, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560056, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 2 (1993), Pagination: 93-98

Abstract

Biological studies were carried out in Bangalore on the leaf feeding chrysomelid beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister, introduced for biological control trials against the neotropical weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae). The insect completed its development in 27-29 days at 25.5 ± 1°C. sex ratio was in favour of females, with the males constituting only about 30% of the population. However, males lived longer (l22-271 days) than females (109-198 days). Although females were capable of laying up to 3368 (mean 2590.8) eggs each, only 30-52 % hatched.

Keywords

Zygogramma bicolorata, Biology, Parthenium hysterophorus.

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• Age-Specific Fecundity and Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase in the Mexican Beetle Zygogramma bicolorata at Bangalore, India

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Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, Geetha Bali ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore - 560 089, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 7, No 2 (1993), Pagination: 115-117

Abstract

Parthenium hysterophorns L. (Asteraceae) is a serious weed of agroecosystems, pastures and waste lands. in India. The Mexican beetle Zygogramma bicorata Pallister (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) was released in Bangalore in 1984 for biological control trials against this weed. The insect started building up to damaging population levels from 1988 (Jayanth and Bali, 1990). The present studies were conducted under laboratory conditions to make a critical assessment of the biological control potential of this insect.

Keywords

Zygogramma bicolorata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Biological Control, Intrinsic Rate of Increase.

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• Resurgence and Control of Water Hyacinth at a Neochetina eichhorniae Release Site in Bangalore, India

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Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore 560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 1 (1992), Pagination: 53-55

Abstract

Many of the large number of aquatic plants growing in India are of exotic origin (Gupta, 1976). Among these, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), the free-floating weed of south American origin, infesting more than 200,000 ha of water surface (Anon, 1989), is considered to be the most serious. Two weevils, Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) introduced from the U.S.A., have proved to be effective biological control agents of water hyacinth under field conditions (Jayanth 1988 a, b).

Keywords

N. eichhorniae, N. bruchi, Eichhornia crassipes, Biological Control.

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• Studies on Drought Tolerance in the Water Hyacinth Weevils Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology & Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 2 (1990), Pagination: 116-119

Abstract

Laboratory studies on drought tolerance in water hyacinth weevils Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache showed that the adults could survive for up to 48 and 28 days respectively under high humidity (95%) in the absence of food and water. When water alone was provided, they were able to survive for 56 and 82 days respectively. Preliminary studies showed that muscle development did not take place in starved adults, precluding ability for migration from dried up tank beds. The weevils can therefore be recommended for releases even in tanks that dry up during summer. Reintroduction may not be required as they probably survive during periods of drought by remaining below plant debris or within crevices in the soil and water may be available to them in the form of dew.

Keywords

Neoclietina eichliorniae, N. bruchi, Biological Control, Drought Tolerance.

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• A Method to Store Larvae of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), a Potential Biocontrol Agent of Chromolaena odorata (Compositae), Under Low Temperature

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Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 137-138

Abstract

The perennial compositae plant Chromolaena odorala (L.) R.M. King and H. Robinson, native to West Indies and South America, is a serious weed of plantation crops in southern Asia including India and Western Africa, (Holm et al., 1977; Bennett and Rao, 1968). Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), detennined initially as Ammalo insulala (Walker). Is one of the natural enemies recommended for introduction into India and other countries (Bennet and Crutwell, 1973). Introduction of this insect from Sri Lanka in 1985 has resulted in successful establishment in Kerala (Joy el al., 1985).

Keywords

Low Temperature Storage, Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata, Chromolaena odorata, Biological, Control.

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• Studies on the Fecundity and Longevity of Cyrtobagous salviniae (Coleoptera:Curculionidae), an Effective Biocontrol Agent of Salvinia molesta in India

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Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore 50 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 62-64

Abstract

Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), of Brazilian origin, is an effective biocontrol agent of the floating aquatic weed Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell in India. Laboratory studies on the fecundity and longevity of the weevils showed that the females lived for 231 days (average) and laid 290 eggs (average). Thc mean daily egg production per female was 1.08. Egg laying in C. salviniae was distributed uniformly throughout the life of thc adult.

Keywords

Salvinia molesta, Cyrtobagous salviniae, Fecundity, Longevity.

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• Establishment of the Exotic Mite Orthogalumna terebrantis Wallwork on Water Hyacinth in Bangalore, India

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Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore 560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 75-76

Abstract

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is the most serious among the 140 species of aquatic weeds recorded in India (Gupta 1979). For biological control trials against this weed, the oribatid mite Orthogalumna terebrantis Wallwork (Acarina : Galumrudae) was introduced from U.S.A. in March 1982 along with two weevils Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). Releases of N. eichhorniae have already brought about successful control of water hyacinth under field conditions in Bangalore (Jayanth, 1987. 1988) and encouraging results have been obtained with N. bruchi also.

Keywords

Orthogalumna terebrantis, Water Hyacinth, Field Establishment.

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• A Simple Packing Method for Large-Scale Shipment of Water Hyacinth Weevils

Abstract Views :183  |  PDF Views:122

Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 2, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 139-140

Abstract

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes),which was introduced as an ornamental plant about 1890,is the most serious aquatic weed in India (Gopal and Sharma 1981). Two species of weevils,viz., Neochetina eichhorniae Warner. and N. bruchi Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of South Ameri can origin, have proved to be promising for the biological control of this weed under field conditions in Bangalore (Jayanth,1988 a,b). Consequently, there has been much demand for supply of these beneficial insects for releases in different parts of the country.

Keywords

Neochetina eichhorniae, N. bruchi, Water Hyacinth, Packing Method.

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