Ganga Visalakshy, P. N.

• Epizootics of Entomophthora sp. on Mango Inflorescence Hopper, Idioscopus nitidulus (Walker)

Abstract Views :233  |  PDF Views:128

Authors

P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹, M. Mani ¹, A. Krishnamoorthy ¹, K. Gopalakrishna Pillai ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 24, No 3 (2010), Pagination: 274-275

Abstract

The inflorescence hopper, Idioscopus nitidulus (Walker), is an economically important pest during flowering period of mango. An outbreak of entomopathogenic fungal infection of Entomophthora sp. causing about 87.88 per cent mortality of I. nitidulus adults was recorded during the off-season. This is the first report of Entomopthora species infecting I. nitidulus.

Keywords

Idioscopus nitidulus, Epizootic, Entomophthora sp.

Full Text

   

• Record of Beauveria bassiana on Tea Mosquito Bug, Helopeltis antonii Signoret in Guava Ecosystem

Abstract Views :288  |  PDF Views:107

Authors

P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹, M. Mani ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089 Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 25, No 2 (2011), Pagination: 150-151

Abstract

The tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis antonii Signoret, is an economically important pest of guava in recent years causing significant reduction in yield and marketable fruits. An entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana, was isolated from the adult bug infesting guava from KVK, IIHR, Hirehalli (Tumkur). This is the first report of B. bassiana infecting H. antonii. Further field studies on the efficacy of this pathogen againdt H.antonii on guava are suggested.

Keywords

Tea Mosquito Bug, Helopeltis antonii, Entornopathogcn, Beauveria Bassiana, New Record.

Full Text

   

• Survival Capacity of Ceutorhynchus portulacae Marshall during Non-Availability of Food

Abstract Views :185  |  PDF Views:118

Authors

P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹, S. Krishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (lear) Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560089, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 17, No 1 (2003), Pagination: 95-96

Abstract

Forty-five days old adults of Ceutorhynchus portulacae Marshall could survive up to 55 days, hiding In cracks and crevices in soil which reflects their survival capacity in the absence of food when Portulaca oleracea was completely removed by mechanical or chemical means and can be a probable candidate for the biological control of this deadly weed.

Keywords

Ceutorhynchus portulacae, Portulaca oleracea, Survival, Unfavourable Periods.

Full Text

   

• Quiescence Behaviour in Ceuthorhynchus portulacae Marshall, a Potential Biocontrol Agent of the Purslane Weed, Portulaca oleracea L.

Abstract Views :211  |  PDF Views:118

Authors

P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹, S. Krishnan ²

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology Indian Institute of Horticultural Research Hessarghatta Lake Post, Bangalore, 560089, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 15, No 1 (2001), Pagination: 27-30

Abstract

Portulaca oleracea L. is considered as a serious problematic weed of vegetables, vineyards and banana orchards in many parts of India. Ceutorhynchus portulacae Marshall (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was identified as a potential indigenous biocontrol agent, which could be utilised for the effective suppression of the purslane weed. Field and laboratory studies in Bangalore revealed that the adults cease to feed and multiply during the cold winter months of November-January, indicating the possibility of diapause in the adult stage. A study was carried out to determine whether adults undergo diapause and the factors governing it. Behavioural and physiological observations showed that the adults were not capable of undergoing any diapause. But, they remain inactive during the cold winter period and become active with the advent of favourable environmental conditions.

Keywords

Biocontrol Agent, Ceutorhynchus portulacae, Diapause, Portulaca oleracea.

Full Text

   

• Field Evaluation of Sunflower Varieties for Susceptibility to the Parthenium Beetle Zygogramma bicolorata

Abstract Views :217  |  PDF Views:133

Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 48-52

Abstract

Fifteen varieties of sunfluwer (Helianthus annuus L.) were evaluated under field conditfuns fur their feeding attraction to the Mexican beetle Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera : Chrysomeltdae), a potential biological control agent of the noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae). When 500 marked adults were released on one-month-old sunflower plants, 90% of them were observed to move away in une day, 99.2% by the 4th day and 100% by the 7th day. Althuugh upto 4.8l milliun adults were estimated to be present at a time in the 2 ha weed stand surrounding the experimental plot, the numbers that alighted on the sunflower crop were negligible and did not exceed 316 adults on 651 plants. However, slight feeding by adults was noticed on 6 plants for 5 days, after which they moved away. The present studies indicate that sunflower is not a suitable host plant for the beetle and the chances of host shift appear remote.

Keywords

Zygogramma bicolorata, Parthenium hysterophorus, Susceptibility, Sunflower, Varieties.

Full Text

   

• Impact of Herbicides on Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata and their Compatability for Integrated Control of Chromolaena odorata

Abstract Views :211  |  PDF Views:125

Authors

P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 8, No 1 (1994), Pagination: 71-72

Abstract

Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson, a plant of Neotropical origin is Considered as a serious weed of plantation crops,forests and grazing lands of South Asian and African countries, including India (Holms et al., 1977). Field releases of the exotic host-specific biological control agent Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Lepidoptera : Arctiidae) in different parts of South India, resulted in only localised defoliation (Jayanth and Ganga Visalakshy, 1993), necessitating manual and chemical methods even in areas where the insects were released. A study on the effect of herbicides on the insect was made under laboratory conditions, to see if both can be integrated.

Keywords

Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata, Chromolaena odorata, Herbicides, Toxic and Behavioural Effects.

Full Text

   

• Effect of Commonly Used Weedicides and Mosquito Larvicides on the Exotic Water Hyacinth Mite, Orthogalumna terebrantis Wallwork (Acarina: Galumnidae)

Abstract Views :257  |  PDF Views:115

Authors

P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 1 (1992), Pagination: 35-37

Abstract

The toxicity of mosquito larvicides and weedicides commonly used in water hyacinth infested water ways, to exotic water hyacinth mite, Orthogalumna terebrantis Wallwork was determined under laboratory conditions. Among the mosquito larvicides tested, Fenthlon (0.0001%) aud Fenitrothion (0.0002%) were found to be safe to adults. Chlorpyrifos (0.0001%), phenthoate (0.0001%) aad temephos (0.0001%) were mildly toxic to adults, when exposed to sprayed leaf strips, immediately and 24 h after spraying respectively. None of the mosquito larvicides were toxic to the different developmental stages of O. terebrantis. Among the weedicides, 2,4D (0.6%) was found to cause significant mortality (24.63%) of O. terebrantis adults.

Keywords

Waterhyacinth, Orthogalumna terebrantis, Weedicides, Mosquito Larvicides, Toxic Effects.

Full Text

   

• Resurgence and Control of Water Hyacinth at a Neochetina eichhorniae Release Site in Bangalore, India

Abstract Views :204  |  PDF Views:119

Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore 560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 6, No 1 (1992), Pagination: 53-55

Abstract

Many of the large number of aquatic plants growing in India are of exotic origin (Gupta, 1976). Among these, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), the free-floating weed of south American origin, infesting more than 200,000 ha of water surface (Anon, 1989), is considered to be the most serious. Two weevils, Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) introduced from the U.S.A., have proved to be effective biological control agents of water hyacinth under field conditions (Jayanth 1988 a, b).

Keywords

N. eichhorniae, N. bruchi, Eichhornia crassipes, Biological Control.

Full Text

   

• Studies on Drought Tolerance in the Water Hyacinth Weevils Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract Views :201  |  PDF Views:90

Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology & Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 4, No 2 (1990), Pagination: 116-119

Abstract

Laboratory studies on drought tolerance in water hyacinth weevils Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache showed that the adults could survive for up to 48 and 28 days respectively under high humidity (95%) in the absence of food and water. When water alone was provided, they were able to survive for 56 and 82 days respectively. Preliminary studies showed that muscle development did not take place in starved adults, precluding ability for migration from dried up tank beds. The weevils can therefore be recommended for releases even in tanks that dry up during summer. Reintroduction may not be required as they probably survive during periods of drought by remaining below plant debris or within crevices in the soil and water may be available to them in the form of dew.

Keywords

Neoclietina eichliorniae, N. bruchi, Biological Control, Drought Tolerance.

Full Text

   

• A Method to Store Larvae of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), a Potential Biocontrol Agent of Chromolaena odorata (Compositae), Under Low Temperature

Abstract Views :202  |  PDF Views:121

Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore 560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 137-138

Abstract

The perennial compositae plant Chromolaena odorala (L.) R.M. King and H. Robinson, native to West Indies and South America, is a serious weed of plantation crops in southern Asia including India and Western Africa, (Holm et al., 1977; Bennett and Rao, 1968). Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), detennined initially as Ammalo insulala (Walker). Is one of the natural enemies recommended for introduction into India and other countries (Bennet and Crutwell, 1973). Introduction of this insect from Sri Lanka in 1985 has resulted in successful establishment in Kerala (Joy el al., 1985).

Keywords

Low Temperature Storage, Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata, Chromolaena odorata, Biological, Control.

Full Text

   

• Establishment of the Exotic Mite Orthogalumna terebrantis Wallwork on Water Hyacinth in Bangalore, India

Abstract Views :145  |  PDF Views:106

Authors

K. P. Jayanth ¹, P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹

Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology and Nematology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore 560 089, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 3, No 1 (1989), Pagination: 75-76

Abstract

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is the most serious among the 140 species of aquatic weeds recorded in India (Gupta 1979). For biological control trials against this weed, the oribatid mite Orthogalumna terebrantis Wallwork (Acarina : Galumrudae) was introduced from U.S.A. in March 1982 along with two weevils Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). Releases of N. eichhorniae have already brought about successful control of water hyacinth under field conditions in Bangalore (Jayanth, 1987. 1988) and encouraging results have been obtained with N. bruchi also.

Keywords

Orthogalumna terebrantis, Water Hyacinth, Field Establishment.

Full Text

   

• Integrated Pest Management of Melon Borer, Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) in Bittergourd

Abstract Views :241  |  PDF Views:170

Authors

K. Soumya ¹, P. N. Ganga Visalakshy ¹, C. Swathi ¹, A. Krishnamoorthy ¹, K. Gopalakrishna Pillai ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Division of Entomology and Nematology, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru - 560089, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 31, No 4 (2017), Pagination: 240-245

Abstract

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of different IPM treatments (Trichogramma chilonis, Dolichogenidea stantoni, Nomuraea rileyi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki) for the management melon borer, Diaphania indica in bittergourd. Among the different treatments evaluated, T7 (Bacillus thuringiensis/ Dipel) and T3 (T. chilonis + D. stantoni) were more effective; T2 (D. stantoni), T4 (N. rileyi) and T5 (B. bassiana) also gave good control over the D. indica population when compared to other treatments and control.

Keywords

Integrated Pest Management, Bitter Gourd, Insect Pests, Melon Borer.

Full Text

   

References

• Burges HD. 1998. Formulation of microbial biopesticides. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London, United Kingdom. 412pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-0114926-6 PMCid:PMC1757572
• Butani DK. 1979. Insect pests of fruit crops and their control: Bitter gourd. Pesticides 12(11): 36–44.
• Croft BA. 1990. Arthropod Biological Control Agents and Pesticides. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 723pp.
• Ganehiarachchi GASM. 1997. Aspects of the biology of Diaphania indica (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera). J Natn Sci Council Sri Lanka 25(4): 203–209.
• Ganga Visalakshy PN. 2005. Natural enemies of the pumpkin caterpillar Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Karnataka. Entomon 30: 261–262.
• Jana H. 2014. Bitter gourd growers pesticides use pattern in controlling insect-pests and diseases in Nadia district of West Bengal. Agric Update 9(3): 320–326. Crossref.
• Jhala RC, Patel YC, Dabhi MV, Patel HM. 2005. Pumpkin caterpillar, Margaronia indica Saund in cucurbits in Gujrat. Insect Environ. 11(1): 18–16.
• Ke LD, Li ZQ, Xu LX, Zheng QF. 1986. A brief report of Diaphania indica. Zhepiang Agric Sci. 3: 438–442.
• Krishnamoorthy A, Rama N, Mani M. 2004. Record of Dolichogenidea stantoni (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Larval Parasitoid of Pumpkin Caterpillar, Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J Biol Control 18 (2): 205–206.
• Kumar S, Saroj Singh, Rane AE. 2000. Evaluation of IPM treatments in linseed crop. Ann Pl Protec Sci. 8: 84–85.
• Li YL. 1994. Worldwide use of Trichogramma for Biological Control on different Crops: A Survey. In: 286p. Wajnberg E, Hassann SA (Eds.). Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids. ICAB International.
• Losey JE, Vaughan M. 2006. The economic value of ecological services provided by insects. Bioscience 56: 311–323. Crossref.
• Metcalfe JR, Breniere J. 1969. Egg parasites (Trichogramma spp.) for the control of sugarcane moth borers. Pests of Sugarcane. Eldevier Publishing Company, the Netherland. p. 81–115.
• Nagaraja H. 1977. Biosystematics of Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidae species. Ann Rev Entomol. 22: 157–176. Crossref.
• Nagaraja SD. 2005. Effect of formulations of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson and spray equipments in the management of tobacco caterpillar in groundnut and pod borer in chickpea ecosystem. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (Karnataka) India.
• Patel RC, Kulkarni HL. 1956. Bionomics of pumpkin caterpillar Margaronia indica Saund (Pyralidae:Lepidoptera). J Bombay Nat Hist Soc. 54: 118–127.
• Pandy P. 1977. Host preference and selection of Diaphania indica. Dtsch Entomol Z. 24: 150–173.
• Peter C, David BV. 1990. Influence of host plants on parasitism of Diaphania indica (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) by Apanteles taragamae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Insect Sci Applic. 11(6): 903–906. Crossref.
• Peter C, David BV. 1991. Population dynamics of pumpkin caterpillar Diaphania indica. Trop Pest Manag. 33: 75–79. Crossref.
• RadhakrishnanV, Natarajan K. 2009. Management of watermelon defoliator pests. Curr Biotica. 3(3): 452–457.
• Ravi KC, Viraktamath B, Puttaswamy CA, Mallik T. 1997. Diaphania indica Saund (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera)-A serious pest on Gherkins. Insect Environ. 3(3): 81.
• Ravi KC, Puttaswamy CA, Viraktamath B, Mallik T, Ambika PP, Reddy NKK, Verghese A. 1998. Influence of host plants on the development of Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lep.: Pyralidae). In: Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Pest Management in Horticultural Crops: Environmental Implications and Thrusts. Bangalore, India. p. 135–136.
• Sardana HR, Bombawale OM, Kadu LN, Singh DK. 2005. Development and validation of adaptable IPM in okra through farmers participatory approach. Ann Pl Protec Sci. 13: 54–59.
• Schreiner H. 1991. Damage threshold for Diaphania indica Saunders (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on cucumbers in Guam. Trop Pest Manag. 37(1): 17–20. Crossref.
• Singh HS, Naik J. 2006. Seasonal dynamics and management of pumpkin caterpillar Diaphania indica Saund (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Conq in bitter gourd. Vegetable Sci. 33(2): 203–205.
• Singh S, Kumar S, Parlekar GY. 2004. Synthesis and validation of IPM treatments in sunflower and chick pea strip cropping system. Ann Pl Protec Sci. 12: 257–259.
• Singh SS, Rai MK, Dwivedi SK, Kumar P. 2012.Validation of IPM treatments against major pests of okra in Dehradun (Uttarakhand). Indian J Entomol. 74: 375– 378.
• Smith SM. 1996. Biological Control with Trichogramma: Advances, Successes, and their Potential Use. Ann Rev Entomol. 41: 375–406. Crossref. PMid:15012334 Stern VM, Smith RF, van den Bosch R, Hagen KS. 1959.
• The integrated control concept. Hilgardia. 29: 81–101. https://doi.org/10.3733/hilg.v29n02p081
• Tripathi, R, Pandy P. 1973. A non cucurbitaceous food plant of Diaphania indica. J Sci Technol. 11(3/4): 80.
• Vimladevi PS, Prasad YG. 2001. Nomuraea rileyi: A potential myco-insecticide, Pp. 23-38. In: Upadyay RK, Mukherji KG, Chamola BP (Eds.). Biocontrol Potential and its Exploitation in Sustainable Agriculture, 2. Insect Pests. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher, New York, NY.