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R. K. Sharma , S. S. Sharma

Abstract

No abstract

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Jujhar Singh ¹, B. S. Dilta ², Y. C. Gupta ², B. P. Sharma ², S. S. Sharma ³, S. K. Bharadwaj ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Foestry, Nauni, Solan H.P., IN
2 Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Foestry, Nauni, Solan H.P., IN
3 Department of Basic Science, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Foestry, Nauni, Solan H.P., IN
4 Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Foestry, Nauni, Solan H.P., IN

Abstract

Investigations were carried out during 2010 to standardize growing substrates and NPK doses for growth and flowering of alstroemeria. In this experiment different growing substrates and NPK doses combinations were tested. A field experiment was laid under poly house conditions in split plot design, consisted of four growing substrates viz., sand: soil: FYM (1:1:1, v/v), rhododendron forest soil (Rhododendron arboreum L.), rai forest soil (Picea smithiana L.) and five NPK doses viz., basal dose of 30: 15: 30 g/m2, once a week fertigation with 100: 50: 100 ppm, twice a week fertigation with 100: 50: 100ppm, once a week fertigation with 150: 100: 150 ppm, twice a week fertigation with 150: 100: 150 ppm. Growing substrate consisting of rhododendron forest soil was found to be best growing substrate for vegetative and flowering parameters like stem length, stem thickness, early flowering, number of flowers per cyme, vase life and cut stems per plant. Whereas twice a week fertigation with 150: 100: 150 ppm NPK found best dose for stem length, stem thickness, early flowering, number of flowers per stem, vase life and cut stems per plant.

Keywords

Alstroemeria, Growing Substrate, NPK Doses, Growing Media, Npk Doses

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B. M. Gurumurthy ¹, S. S. Sharma ¹, M. C. Gowri Shankar ¹, Romit Walia ¹, Tanishq Agarwal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Heat treatment is a combination of heating and cooling operations, implemented to a metal or alloys in solid state that will produce desired properties. All basic heat treating processes for steel involve the complete or partial transformation or decomposition of austenite. The nature and appearance of these transformation products determine the physical and mechanical properties of given steel. The present work intended to produce a dual-phase structure in medium carbon low alloy Steel (AISI4140) and experimentally investigating the effects of pretreatments (annealing, normalizing) on austenitisation and hence dual-phase properties of AISI4140 steel. Experimental investigation shows considerable positive effect of initial room temperature structure on the characterization of the heat treated dual phase steel. Annealed dualphase steel has more hardness as compared to normalized dual-phase steel. The dual-phase steel (ferrite-bainite) formed with normalizing as pretreatment has got better impact resistance.

Keywords

AISI4140, Annealing, Dual-Phase (Ferrite-Bainite), Normalizing.

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Gowri Shankar ¹, S. S. Sharma ¹, Achutha Kini ¹, P. K. Jayashree ¹, B. M Gurumurthy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Karnataka – 576104, IN

Abstract

Present study emphases on the enhancement in hardness and wear resistance of Al6061 composite reinforced with boron carbide particles of various weight percentage (2, 4 and 6) in peak aged condition during artificial aging. The effect of artificial aging treatment with different aging temperatures of 100, 150 and 200ᴼC was also investigated. Presence of B4C particles in Al6061 alloy accelerating the aging process and thus attain higher strength. These particles provide more sites for the nucleation of fine precipitates. These fine precipitates anchor lattice strain to deform the matrix to increase hardness and wear resistance of materials. The combined effect of B4C and artificial aging at lower temperature shows improvement in hardness by 150-175% and wear resistance by 100% due to the precipitation of secondary solute rich phase of alloying elements and dislocation mobility hindrance. Tribolayer or mechanically mixed layer was observed due to the transfer of material from rotating disc surface to the wear surface of composite, which is believed to be effect of friction and oxidation on iron particles. The results were correlated with the unreinforced Al6061 alloy. The analysis of the unreinforced alloy worn sample surface doesn't show presence of iron in the mechanically mixed layer.

Keywords

Al6061 Alloy, Age Hardening, Boron Carbide (B4C), Mechanically Mixed Layer (MML)

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