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A specially designed larval rearing unit with automatic moth collection device and an oviposition cage that leads to automatic egg collection have been developed, illustrated and described for mass-production of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). These resulted in solving some of the major problems associated with Corcyra production such as moth collection, scale contamination, health hazard, cross infestation, undesirable parasitization, etc. and savings of over 70% on labour. A UV chamber for irradiation of the eggs and a method for cleaning the eggs have also been described. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of various food grains revealed that coarsely crushed bajra (pearl millet) was the most economical and effective diet over groundnut, sorghum, rice and wheat. Studies were also carried out to assess various biological parameters such as proper ratio of eggs to diet for optimum development and moth emergence; influence of diet when offered in a single dose and split doses on larval development; impact of adult feeding; impact of number of moths per cage on egg-laying; and overall reproductive biology of C. cephalonica from egg to adult emergence. The results revealed that over-crowding the larvae or moths in rearing containers had negative impact on production and that feeding the moths had no advantage. Based on various biological and economic parameters, a package of practices for a daily production of 25 to 100 CC eggs of Corcyra is provided along with the non-recurring and recurring resources required. A floor plan for an insectary for mass-production of Corcyra is also indicated.

Keywords

Rice Moth, Corcyra cephalonica, Semi-Automatic Production Device, Biological Parameters, Commercial Production, Insectary.

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References

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Role of Transgenic Bt-Crops in Promoting Biological Control and Integrated Pest Management

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Authors

T. M. Manjunath ¹

Affiliations
1 Monsanto Research Centre; Former Vice President, Bio-Control Research Laboratories, Pest Control India Ltd., Bengaluru - 560092, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 34, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 1-7

Abstract

Since their commercial introduction in 1996 in the USA, the insect resistant transgenic Bt crops, notably Bt-cotton and Bt-corn, have given effective control of target pests and found overwhelming adoption in several countries. As of 2017, these Bt crops were cultivated in 14 countries on 100 m ha, including 11.4 m ha of Bt-cotton in India, which comprised 53% of 189.8 m ha of all GM crops grown in 24 countries. Such extensive cultivation of Bt crops, incorporated with genes derived from the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), modified to express host-specific insecticidal crystalline (Cry) proteins, has resulted in higher crop yields by 22%, increased farmers’ profit by 68% and reduced chemical insecticide applications by 37%, thereby providing social, economic, health and environmental benefits. The reduced chemical sprays have contributed to conservation of parasitoids and predators leading to enhanced biological control in crop systems. Feeding tests carried out with predators like ladybird beetles and green lacewing and also with hymenopteran parasitoids have demonstrated Bt proteins to be safe to these natural enemies. The value of Bt crops in promoting biological control and integrated pest management is discussed.

Keywords

Bt-cotton, Bt-corn, Biosafety, IPM, Parasitoids, Predators.

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Integration of augmentative biocontrol with synthetic pesticides and other control methods for IPM – Challenges and prospects

Abstract Views :183 | PDF Views:95

Authors

T. M. MANJUNATH ¹

Affiliations
1 Consultant on Biocontrol, Agri-Biotechnology and IPM, Bengaluru – 560092, Karnataka, IN

Source

Journal of Biological Control, Vol 36, No 4 (2022), Pagination: 179-186

Abstract

The importance of augmentative biological control and chemical control, and the need and scope for integrating these, rather than dismissing them as incompatible, so as to create a win-win situation for both are highlighted. Besides the judicious use of chemicals and periodical releases of parasitoids/predators, other options such as insect-resistant transgenic crops, host plant resistance, botanical insecticides, sex pheromones, trap crops, pest resistance management, new product development, regulatory measures, etc., should also be exploited, as appropriate to a given situation, so as to develop an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) package. The practicality of such an IPM is explained, citing Bt cotton as an example. It is reiterated that IPM is the most prudent approach for sustainable crop production and protection with the major emphasis being laid on biological control and other eco-friendly methods as indicated by the latest global trend.

Keywords

Biocontrol, Bt cotton, chemical pesticides, integration, integration, IPM.

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