Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Cultural Influence on Managerial Thinking


Affiliations
1 Professor and Co-ordinator VIT Business School Department of Management Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 14
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Culture has always been a source of influence on human behavior. In today's competitive world, the work place is becoming more unstable and unpredictable than ever before. To make the right judgement in the right context is the right choice of the present time. This study attempts to establish a link between organizational culture and managerial thinking. This kind of analysis would help managers to adopt tactics to effectively deal with people in a cultural context. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of organizational culture on managerial thinking and to develop possible OD interventions to enhance executive effectiveness. The present study followed a 2x2x2 factorial design of research. It was observed that the managers in MNCs preferred autocratic, technocratic and entrepreneurial culture profiles in comparison to managers of PSUs who showed a preference for bureaucratic culture. With regard to managerial thinking, it was observed that managers of MNCs relied more on analyzer and implementer type of thinking than the managers of PSUs who believed in collaborator style of thinking. The future implications of the study are discussed in the light of the present findings in this paper and possible OD interventions to enhance executive effectiveness have also been suggested.

Keywords

Executive Effectiveness, Organizational Culture
User
Notifications

  • Ayacan, Z., Kanungo, R.N. Mendonca, M., Yu, K., Deller, J., Stahl, G., and Kurshid, A. (2000), Impact of Culture on Human Resource Management Practices: A 10-country Comparison, Applied psychology: An International Review 49(1).
  • Bazerman, M.H. and Neal, M.A. (1983), Heuristics in Negotiations: Limitation to Effective Dispute Resolution, in M.N. Bazerman and RJ Lewicki (Eds.) Negotiations in Organizations, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
  • Bond, M.H. (1988), Finding Universal Dimensions of Individual Variation in Multi-cultural Studies of Values: The Rockeach and Chinese Value Surveys, Journal of Personality and Social psychology 55: 1009-1015.
  • Buchanan, D.A. and Mc Calman J. (1989), High Performance Work Systems: The Digital Experiences, Routledge, London.
  • Carnevale, P. J. and Pruitt, D.G. (1992), Negotiation and Mediation, Annual Review of Psychology 43: 531-582
  • Carnivale, P. J. and Pruitt, D.G. (1992), Negotiation and Mediation. Annual Review of Psychology, 31:1-2.
  • Chan, D.K.S., Gelfand, M. J., Triandis, H.c., and Tzeng, O. (1996), Tightness-Looseness Revisited: Some Preliminary Analyses in US and Japan, International Journal of Psychology 31: 1-2.
  • Cole, M. (1996), Cultural Psychology: A Once and Future Discipline, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Dake, K. (1991), Orienting Dispositions in the Perception of Risk: An Analysis of Contemporary Worldviews and Cultural Biases, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 22: 61-82.
  • Douglas, M. (1985), Risk Acceptability According to the Social Sciences, Russell Sage Foundation, New York.
  • Douglas, M. and Wildvasky, A. (1982), Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers, University of California Press, Berkeley.
  • Epstein, S., Pacini, R., Denese-Raj, Y., and Heier, H. (1996), Individual Differences in Intuitive-experimental and Analytical-rational Thinking Styles, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71(2): 390-405.
  • Erez, M. and Early, P.C. (1993), Culture, Self-identity and Work, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Fisher, R., and Ury, W. (1981), Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement without Giving in, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
  • Gangopadhyay, A. (1993), Thinking Style Inventory, unpublished, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Bombay.
  • Ganguli, H.C. (1964), Structure and Process of Organizations, Asia Publishing House, Bombay.
  • Gelfand, M.J., Chand, D., Triandis, H.C., Yamaguchi, S., and Nishil, L. (1998), Theory and Empirical Assessment of the Construct of Tightness-looseness in the US and Japan, Paper Presented at the 25th Conference of the International Association for Cross Cultural Psychology, Bellingham, Washington.
  • Gelfand, M.J., and Dyer, N. (2000), A Cultural Perspective on Negotiation: Process, Pitfalls and Prospects, Applied Psychology; An International Review 49(1):62-99.
  • Goldman, A. (1994), The Centrality of “ningensei” to Japanese Negotiations and Interpersonal Relationships: Implications for US-Japanese Communication, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18: 29-54.
  • Herskovits, M. 1. (1955), Cultural Anthropology, Knopf, New York.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980), Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values, Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA.
  • Hofstede, G. (1983), Dimensions of National Cultures in Fifty Countries and Three Regions, in J. Derogwisky, S., Dzuirawec, and R. Annis (Eds), Expiscations in Cross-cultural Psychology, pp 335-355, Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, the Netherlands.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984), Culture's Consequences, Sage Publications, New Bury Park CA.
  • Hofstede, G. (1991), Cultures & Organization: Software of the Mind, McGraw-Hill, London.
  • Kakar, S. (1971), Authority Pattern of Subordinate Behavior in India Organizations, Administrative Sciences Quarterly 16(3): 298- 307.
  • Khandwalla, P.N. (1989). Psychology in India: The State of the Art, Vol.III, Organizational Behavior and Mental Health, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
  • Kluckhohn, C. (1954), Culture and Behavior, Free Press, New York.
  • Maheswari, B.L. (1983), Decision Style and Organizational Effectiveness, Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad.
  • March, R.M. (1988), The Japanese Negotiator: Subtlety and Strategy beyond Western Logic, Kodansha International, New York.
  • Markus, H.R., Kitayama, S., and Heiman, R.J. (1997), Culture and “basic” Psychological Principles., in E.T. Higgins and A.W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Socialpsychology: Handbook of Basic Principles, pp. 857-913, Guilford Press, New York.
  • Mohanty, R.P. (2000), Value Innovation Perspectives in Indian Organizations, South Asian Journal of Management 6(2): 106.
  • Mohanty, R.P. (2001), Skilling the Corporations for 21st Century, Social Science International: An Inter-disciplinary readings 17(1): 1-6.
  • Morgan, G. (1986), Images of Organizations, Sage Publication, Ney Bury Park, CA.
  • Pareek, U. (1989), Handbook of HRD Instrument, Tata Mc-Graw Hill, New Delhi.
  • Pelto, P. J. (1968), The differences between Tight and Loose Societies, Transaction April 37-40.
  • Phillips, L. D. and Wright, G. N. (1977), Cultural Differences in Viewing Uncertainties and Assessing Probabilities, in H.
  • Jungermann and G.de Zeeuw (Eds.), Decision Making and Change in Human Affairs, pp. 507-519, Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
  • Pradhan, R. K. (1999), Impact of Organizational Culture on Leadership and Power in Service and Industrial Organizations, Indian Journal of Psychological Issues 7(1): 813.
  • Pruitt, D. G. and Carnevale, P. J. (1993), Negotiation in Social Conflict, Open University Press, Buckingham.
  • Pruitt, D. G. (1981), Negotiation Behavior, Academic Press, New York.
  • Quenn, R. E. and McGrawth, M. R. (1985), The Transformation of Organization Culture: A Competing Values Perspective, in P. J. Frost et al. (Eds.), Organization Culture, Sage, London.
  • Sayeed, O. B. and Mehta, P. (1981), Managerial Value Innovation, Leadership Style, and Organizational Health: A Workgroup Analysis, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations 16: 531-544.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1992), Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries, in M. Zana (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 25), pp. 1-65, Academic Press, Orlando, Fl.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994), Beyond Individualism! Collectivism: New Cultural Dimensions of Values, in U. Kim, H.c. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S.c. Choi and G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method and Applications , pp. 85-122, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  • Schwartz, S. H. and Bilsky, W. (1990), Toward a Theory of Universal Content and Structure of Values: Extension and Cross- Cultural Replication, Journal Personality and Social Psychology 58: 878-891.
  • Schein, E. H. (1992), Organizational Culture and Leadership (2nd Ed), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, California.
  • Siayadain, M. S. and Monappa, A. (1977), Profiles of Indian Managers, New Delhi.
  • Vidua Vahini, Sinha, J.B.P. (1995), Cultural Context of Leadership and Power, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
  • Sinha, J. B. P. (2000), Patterns of Work Culture: Cases and Strategies For Culture Building, Sage Publications.
  • Smith, P. and Schwartz, S.h. (1997), Values, in J.W. Berry, M.H. Segall, and C. Kagiticibasi (Eds.), Hand Book of Cross-cultural Psychology, (vol. 3), pp. 77-118, Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, MA.
  • Smith, P.B. Dugan, S., and Trompenaars, F. (1996), National Culture and Values of Employees: A Dimensional Analysis across 43 Nations, Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology 27(2): 231-264.
  • Thompson, L. (1990), Negotiation Behavior and Outcome: Empirical Evidences and Theoretical Issues, Psychological Bulletin 108(3): 515-532.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1977), Theoretical Framework for Evaluation of Cross-cultural Training Effectiveness, International Journal for Intercultural Relations.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1982), Review of Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values, Human Organization 41: 86-90.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1994), Culture and Social Behavior, MCGraw Hill, New York.
  • Triandis, H. C., Boutempo, H., Betan Court, Boud, M., Leung, K., Brenes, A., Georgas, J., Hui, C.H., Marin, G., Setiadi, B., Sinha J.B.P., Verma, J., Spangenber, J., Touzard, H., and Montomollin, G. (1986). The Measurement of Collectivism AcrossCultures, Australian Journal of Psychology 38: 257-267.
  • Torpenaars, F. (1993), Riding the Waves of Culture, Brealey, London.
  • Wright, G. and Phillips, L. D. (1980), Cultural Variation in Probabilist Thinking: Alternative Ways of Dealing with Uncertainty, International Journal of Psychology 15: 239-257.
  • Yates, J. F. (1982), External Correspondence: Decompositions of the Mean Probability Score, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 30: 132-156.
  • Yates, J. f. (1990), Judgement and Decision-making, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
  • Yates, J. F., Lee, J. W., and Bush, I. G. (1997), General Knowledge Over-confidence: Cross-national Variations, Response and Style, and “reality, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 70: 89-94.
  • Weber, E. U. and Hsee, C. K. (2000), Culture and Individual Judgement and Decision Making, Applied Psychology: An International Review 49(1): 32-61.

Abstract Views: 397

PDF Views: 1




  • Cultural Influence on Managerial Thinking

Abstract Views: 397  |  PDF Views: 1

Authors

N. R. V. Prabhu
Professor and Co-ordinator VIT Business School Department of Management Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 14

Abstract


Culture has always been a source of influence on human behavior. In today's competitive world, the work place is becoming more unstable and unpredictable than ever before. To make the right judgement in the right context is the right choice of the present time. This study attempts to establish a link between organizational culture and managerial thinking. This kind of analysis would help managers to adopt tactics to effectively deal with people in a cultural context. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of organizational culture on managerial thinking and to develop possible OD interventions to enhance executive effectiveness. The present study followed a 2x2x2 factorial design of research. It was observed that the managers in MNCs preferred autocratic, technocratic and entrepreneurial culture profiles in comparison to managers of PSUs who showed a preference for bureaucratic culture. With regard to managerial thinking, it was observed that managers of MNCs relied more on analyzer and implementer type of thinking than the managers of PSUs who believed in collaborator style of thinking. The future implications of the study are discussed in the light of the present findings in this paper and possible OD interventions to enhance executive effectiveness have also been suggested.

Keywords


Executive Effectiveness, Organizational Culture

References