Journal of Natural Remedies https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr The journal primarily aims to publish research work in the area of phytopharmacology and clinical reports of herbal drugs. The journal also accepts articles on phytochemistry, quality control and agronomy of medicinal plants.Special emphasis is given to research work related to bioactivity-directed fractionation of plant extracts leading to novel bioactive molecules. The Journal is Indexed in Scopus with H-Index 13, IndMed and Included in Web of Science BIOSIS Previews, EMBASE, The Journal is Indexed in U. S. National Library of Medicine, UGC Mandate, ICI and Annexure-II-Anna University Informatics Publishing Limited and Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd. en-US Journal of Natural Remedies 0972-5547 A Comprehensive Review on Cardiospermum halicacabum https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221675 <span>Medicinal plants are natural sources of bioactive phytochemical constituents that can be utilized to treat a variety of ailments due to the marked physiological effects they have on the human body. India, with its diverse ethnic groups and unique biodiversity, has a centuries-old ethnobotanical history for health promotion and treatment of illness. Among the medicinal herbs, the plant </span><em>Cardiospermum halicacabum</em><span> belonging to the family Sapindaceae is a climber with inflated fruits and seeds with a white heart-shaped pattern. Alcohols, phenols, alkynes, flavonoids, alkanes, and aliphatic esters are the major phytochemical components present in this plant. The phytochemical examination revealed that the herb contains terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, saponin, glycosides, carbohydrates, volatile esters, and fatty acids. </span><em>Cardiospermum halicacabum</em><span> has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, anti-convulsant, antipyretic, anxiolytic, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-arthritic, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic and fertility activities. The decoction of this plant is used in the treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, cold, asthma and pertussis. Various traditional uses of the plant include its usage as a refrigerant, emetic, stomachic, diuretic, laxative, wound healing and in treating earache. This review summarizes the wide range of phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities along with microscopical, macroscopical characteristics and traditional uses of </span><em>Cardiospermum halicacabum</em><span>.</span> Aathira P. Suresh Nallupillai Paramakrishnan Mahesh Basavaraju K. Mruthunjaya 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Deuterium - A Natural Isotope to Combat Microbial Resistance https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221676 <span>Deuterated medicinal chemistry is an attempt to introduce deuterium into existing drug molecules through the replacement of hydrogen atoms (-H) with deuterium (-D). The process of deuteration is to reduce the rates of breaking the carbonhydrogen bond. If the carbon-hydrogen bond breaking is the rate-determining step in the biotransformation of the drug, the deuterated drug may show improved pharmacokinetic characteristics, such as a longer half-life, hence lowering the need for frequent dosing. In this review, we discuss the improvement in the drug’s pharmacokinetic profile with deuterium. Further, this Deuterium exchange chemistry can reduce toxicity and be safe for human use. Also, the drugs experimented with using deuterium are discussed as how deuterated chemistry can help fight antimicrobial resistance. Beyond all, still, the design and development of a successful deuterated drug with acceptable efficacy is hence a challenge. The translation of hypotheses from laboratory experiments to clinical application and further to real-time practice is unpredictable. Also, long-term drug stability and toxicity studies for individual drugs are to be studied which may vary from patient to patient.</span> Nirupama Panda S. K. Zakki Uddin G. V. Anjana P. Ramalingam Senthilkumar Palaniappan M. K. Mohan Maruga Raja M. K. Kathiravan 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Traditional Kerala Ayurvedic Formulations as a Guideline for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) – A Review https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221677 <span>Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) refers to conditions characterized by the presence of idiopathic intestinal inflammation. The main challenge in the management of IBD is the adverse effects associated with the currently available drugs. Also, not all patients respond completely to the conventional treatments of IBD and its efficacy wanes over time. Thus, the use of complementary and alternative medicine is increasing, as a safer alternative. Certain traditional Ayurveda literature of Kerala describe a condition termed ‘</span><em>jatara vrana</em><span>’ (ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract), which, along with its associated clinical features, resembles IBD. Due to the similarity in pathology and presenting features, the line of treatment adopted in the management of </span><em>jatara vrana</em><span> may be extended to that of IBD. A close observation of the formulations described in the management of jataravrana described in Chikitsamanjari (a regional Ayurvedic literature of Kerala) reveals that in each formulation individual drugs with varying mechanisms of action, including anti-ulcerative (vranaropana), anti-diarrheal (</span><em>atisaraghna</em><span>), anti-inflammatory (</span><em>sophahara</em><span>), anti-pyretic (</span><em>jwarahara</em><span>) or analgesic (</span><em>vedanahara</em><span>) activities, have been logically selected and combined. The active components of some of these drugs have been proven to have various effects in IBD pathology. Though these treatment principles have been used traditionally and Ayurvedic management is promising in many experimental models, it is essential to supplement it with well-designed clinical trials to define the exact role of each of these formulations in the prevention or management of IBD</span> K. K. Bindu B. Gopika Menon 2023-01-30 2023-01-30 23 Medicinal Herbs as an Alternative Treatment in the Management of Hyperlipidemia https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221678 <span>The medical disorder known as hyperlipidemia is characterized by unusually high amount of lipids in the blood (fatty substances). This illness is also associated with being overweight. Even though hypolipidemic drugs are commonly used to treat cardiovascular diseases and stroke, there is a possibility that they may cause undesirable side effects. Many different medicinal plants have been successfully utilized in the treatment of various conditions in India. The treatment of hyperlipidemia was the primary focus of this investigation into the therapeutic properties of a variety of plants.</span> Ashim Kumar Sen Ramachandran Balaraman Dhanya B. Sen Dillip Kumar Dash Rajesh A. Maheshwari 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Diosgenin as a Novel Therapeutic Natural Product for Various Diseases: An Overview https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221679 <span>Diosgenin (DG) is a saponin glycoside and an active constituent generally present in medicinal plants like </span><em>Rhizoma polgonita, Trigonella foenum, Dioscorea villosa and Dioscorea rhizome</em><span>. It is also the starting material for the biosynthesis of steroidal hormones. DG has also been reported as a multipurpose drug aiding in the treatment of various cardiovascular, neurological diseases as well as as malignancies, osteoporosis, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The underlying mechanisms of DG contributing towards potential therapeutic ability is to suppress the expression of oncogenic genes, preventing the formation of free radicals and thereby resulting in neuroprotection etc. However, the use of DG is restricted due to its limited pharmacokinetic properties such as poor aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, and quicker biotransformation into its metabolites. Hence, in this study we have briefed the current therapeutic approaches of DG and its derivatives alongside to its medicinal chemistry and its physicochemical, pharmacological &amp; toxicological properties.</span> Sheik Mohammed Gaddam Narasimha Rao Chintha Narendar Jeyaram Bharathi Antony Justin 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 A Comprehensive Review on Plethora: Etiopathogenesis, Signs, Symptoms, and Complications from the perspective of the Unani Medicine https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221682 <span>The concept of</span><em> Imtila</em><span> (plethora) is defined vividly and scientifically in Unani classical literature. </span><em>Imtila</em><span> (plethora) is the most common humoral disease and has multiple etiology and clinical manifestations. The signs and symptoms associated with </span><em>Imtila</em><span> (plethora) are headaches, clogged eyes, pulsatile conduits, flushing of the face, puffiness of the face, inability to speak, heavy head and dark and dense urine, etc. Long-lasting effects of untreated </span><em>Imtila</em><span> (plethora) can lead to various co-morbidities, such as </span><em>Jarayan al-Dam</em><span> (Haemorrhage), </span><em>Tashannuj</em><span> (Convulsion), </span><em>Sakta</em><span> (Apoplexy), </span><em>Falij</em><span> (Paralysis),</span><em> Junun</em><span> (Insanity) </span><em>Hidhayan</em><span> (Delirium), </span><em>Ghashi Imtila’i</em><span> (Syncope), </span><em>Ufunat-e-dam</em><span> (infection in the blood), </span><em>Dasoomat e Dum</em><span> (dyslipidemia), etc. Therefore, it is essential to identify the symptoms of </span><em>Imtila</em><span> (plethora). Early detection will aid in obtaining urgent medical attention and treatment, which can reduce complications. Unani physicians used various methods to eliminate surplus, harmful, and undigested humour that might have further tainted the humour. Unani physicians prescribed various exercises and regimens in combination with food and drugs to restore the humoral balance of the body. The present review paper systematically emphasizes the proper understanding of </span><em>Imtila</em><span> (plethora) to understand its etiopathogenesis, signs, &amp; symptoms, and complications. We have also discussed the course of treatment suggested by Unani physicians considering the physiopathology and clinical characteristics.</span> S. M. Ahmer Ataullah Fahad S. Javed Ali 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 A Review on the Potential Anti-inflammatory Properties of Kappaphycus alvarezii https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221683 <span>Inflammation is significant innate mechanism of immunity in our human system. It enables our body to respond to a variety of stimuli, including ischemic, traumatic, physical, chemical, and infectious impulses. A major contributor to global health challenges and a significant driver of rising health expenditures are inflammatory disorders. Naturally occurring substances as well as its chemical structural analogues with anti-inflammatory potential have been discovered in the recent years. Marine life forms have a myriad source of natural molecules that can invoke inflammation as a defense against pathophysiology of illness. Macro and microalgae have been determined to be an undiscovered resource with pro-and anti-inflammatory compounds. Natural substances found in marine species can be employed in novel interventions as treatment modalities as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and antioxidant capabilities. Among these substances, </span><em>Kappaphycus alvarezii</em><span> is one such marine red algae that can be employed therapeutically to possess biological effects that exhibit strong anti-inflammatory activity and fewer adverse effects. The expanding desire to research marine seaweeds such as </span><em>Kappaphycus alvarezii</em><span> and its phytochemicals has made it possible to find novel substances with the potential to be used in healthcare in the near future. This review envisages the anti-inflammatory properties of marine algae along with phytochemicals discovered in </span><em>Kappaphycus alvarezii</em><span> and its biological functionalities.</span> Silva Shihab Anu Jacob Jissin Mathew Alina Ann Mathew A. Shanamitha 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Anti-Diabetic Activity of Herbal Remedies https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221684 <span>Herbal remedies, often known as herbal medicine or botanical medicine, are natural treatments that make use of the therapeutic capabilities of plants and plant-based extracts. Due to their apparent efficacy and lack of negative side effects, these treatments have been practiced for centuries in numerous civilizations all over the world. The usage of plant parts such as leaves, stems, flowers, roots, and seeds, as well as extracts made from plants, are just a few examples of the diverse practices that fall under the umbrella of herbal medicines. Numerous consequences are linked to diabetes, a long-term metabolic illness characterized by elevated blood sugar levels that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Many cultures have a long history of using herbal treatments to control diabetes, and this use is predicated on the idea that specific plants and plant extracts contain antidiabetic qualities. Garlic, neem, coriander, ivy gourd, papaya, jamun, tulsi, aloe vera, and many other plants are used in herbal therapies for diabetes. Since free radical damage is believed to have a part in the etiology of diabetes and its associated issues, an anti-diabetic drug having antioxidant qualities would be more successful. In conclusion, herbal remedies have shown promising anti-diabetic benefits and might be thought of as alternatives to or complements to current diabetes management strategies. To assess their efficacy, safety, and the best approach to use them in the management of diabetes, more research is needed. Before beginning therapy, it is crucial to consider the use of herbal products as diabetic therapies with a qualified medical expert due to the risk of interactions with other medications and the fact that every person’s health is different. To ensure its trustworthiness in terms of both efficacy and safety, herbal products must be subjected to standardization and quality control.</span> Dhanya B. Sen Ramachandran Balaraman Ashim Kumar Sen Aarti S. Zanwar K. P. Greeshma Rajesh A. Maheshwari 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 The Challenging Role of Flavonoids as a Potential Phytochemical to Treat Anxiety https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221685 <span>Numerous mental diseases can be caused by anxiety or anxiety-like effects, but phobia is a prevalent overcoming symptom that frequently causes stress. At present, two primary anxiety-treatment approaches are being considered: Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. So many traditional synthetic anxiolytic drugs with such a variety of side effects are used in the pharmacological clinical approach. As a result, scientists are searching for studies that will help them find suitable safe medications from plant sources. large experimental studies have assured that dietary phytoconstituents such as terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, lignan, saponins, and cinnamates, and plant infusion comprising a combination of the various substance, have stronger action in a variety of the anxiety models in animals. The mechanisms of action of anxiolytics involve relationships with the GABA A receptor on both non-BZD sites and in Benzodiazepine (BZD).</span> Arbaz Khan Avijit Mazumder Jatin Saini 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Clinical Uses and Scope of Spilanthes acmella in Dentistry : A Narrative Review https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221686 <em>Spilanthes acmella,</em> also identified as Akarkara (Toothache plant), is a crucial herb with immense applications both in the medical as well as dental field. Its biologically active component, Spilanthol, is believed to be responsible for an array of wields like anti-toothache, analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diuretic anti-oxidant, immune-modulatory, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer agent, etc. Recent advances in the use of this plant include food, cosmetic industry, treatment of periodontal diseases and oral ulcers, toothpaste, as an intracanal medicament, and aphrodisiac. The scope of herbal remedies for treatment is expected to rise in near future. However, more experimental studies are required to ascertain this plant’s quality, efficacy, potency, etc. The scope of the current review is to discuss various uses of Spilanthes in dentistry. Muskaan Sachdev Sunny Priyatham Tirupathi Lamea Afnan 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Genotoxicity Assessment of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Bark of Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae) https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221687 <span>The mutagenic potential of </span><em>Terminalia arjuna</em><span> hydroalcoholic bark extract was evaluated using Ames test with strains TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, and TA1537. The genotoxic potential was assessed by performing Chromosomal Aberration test with cell lines of CHO. In the assessment of mutagenic potential by the Ames test, hydroalcoholic extract of </span><em>Terminalia arjuna</em><span> induced a negative response and in Chromosomal Aberration test, it did not show any significant genotoxic activity in the CHO cell lines.</span> Alex Thomas K. R. Ethiraj 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Impact of Sequential Practice of Kaphalabhati and Nadi Shodhana Pranayama on Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Volunteers https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221688 <span>Background:</span><span> </span><em>Pranayama</em><span> or breath technique is considered as an important component of yoga, which influence wide range of physiological and psychological functions. Practice of </span><em>Kaphalabhati</em><span> (KB) and </span><em>Nadi Shodhana Pranayama</em><span> (NSP) are known breathing techniques to influence the autonomic functions. The sequential practice of KB and NSP has not been assessed. In this Context, we assessed the immediate effect of combined practice of KB and NSP on autonomic variables in healthy subjects. </span><span>Materials and Methods:</span><span> A prospective analytical cross-sectional study was conducted and recruited 28 healthy participants who admitted in SDM Nature cure and Yoga hospital, Dharmasthala for the positive promotion of the health/general well-being. All participants were practiced KB 60 strokes/min for 5 rounds followed by NSP 1:1 ratio, 5 seconds inhalation and 5 seconds exhalation without any retention for 12 rounds. The Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was assessed through MP150 data acquisition system and blood pressure was recorded by using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. We assessed the BP, Heart Rate (HR), Short term HRV at baseline and immediately after the practice. </span><span>Results:</span><span> The mean age (SD) of the participants was 33.29 (6.9). The study showed significant decrease in Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure and RMSSD. There were borderline changes in the time domain measures (Mean R-R, NN50, pNN50) and reduction in the frequency domain of the HRV (LF, HF, LF/HF). However, the difference was not statistically significant. </span><span>Conclusion:</span><span> Immediate effect of sequential practice of </span><em>KB</em><span> and </span><em>NSP</em><span> in healthy volunteers showed positive effect in reduction of SBP, DBP and RMSSD. It can be included in the routine clinical practice for better outcome in the cardiovascular parameters and for the general well-being. Further studies are requisite to give insight in the underlying mechanism.</span> Poornachandran Kumaresan Poornachandran Prabu Arumugam Naveena Dhandapani Divya Muthappan Sendhilkumar M. Rajajeyakumar 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Anti-Hepatotoxic Effect of Glinus lotoides Linn. on Rifampicin Induced Liver Impairment in Albino Rats https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221694 <span>Liver ailment is one of the severe health issues all over the sphere. Hepatic damage or failure due to consumption and breathing of hepatotoxin is increasing worldwide. Rifampicin high dosage can cause severe injury to the liver. Today publics wish herbal drugs due to its high efficiency and absence of side effects. Herbal medicines are available for each and every disorder ranging from diabetes to rejuvenators. These facts promoted us to select a medicinal plant </span><em>Glinus lotoides</em><span> for the present study which is known as ‘Siruserupadai’ in Tamil. Amid the later ponder, ethanolic extricate was chosen for the anti-hepatotoxicity action; it has maximum numbers of phytoconstituents (Glycosides, saponins, proteins, alkaloids, and flavanoids). Five groups of animals were taken for the test named as control, rifampicin treated group, Silymarin treated group (10 mg/Kg), Ethanolic Extract of </span><em>Glinus lotoides</em><span> Linn. (EEGL) treated group (200 mg/Kg), EEGL treated group 400 mg/kg. Rifampicin effectively and particularly ties to RNA polymerase; it represses the amalgamation of all shapes of RNA. It induces fatty liver and finally cirrhosis which is exited by increment the action of serum biological catalysts like SGPT, SGOT and alkaline phosphatase. The hepatoprotective activities was appeared by bringing down the serum biochemical parameters (enzymes and bilirubin) within the rifampicin inebriated rats pre-treated with ethanolic extricate at 200 and 400 mg/kg. The prophylactic impact is reasonably comparable to that of Silymarin, suggesting the EEGL can be potential source of hepatoprotectives.</span> K. Sudha Rameshwari P. Arockia Selvi 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Effect of Gymnema sylvestre Extract on the Regulation of AMPK-GLUT4 Mediated Signaling Pathway on Insulin Resistance in a PCOS Rat Model https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221697 <span>This study was intended to assess the effect of </span><em>Gymnema sylvestre</em><span> leaf extract on the AMPK-GLUT4 mediated signalling pathway on insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome-induced rats. For the induction of PCOS in rats, 1 mg/kg of letrozole was given orally for 21 days, after that metformin (300 mg/kg), </span><em>Gymnema sylvestre</em><span> leaf extract (200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg p. o.) were administered for further 28 days. Letrozole-induced PCOS rats illustrated significant estrus irregularity, and sex hormonal abnormality, and developed insulin resistance as indicated by increased fasting glucose levels, an increased rate of glucose clearance, and also decreases in GLUT4 and AMPK mRNA expression in ovarian cells. Ovarian histology in PCOS rats also showed many follicular cysts, atretic follicles, and the absence of the corpus luteum. These changes were significantly reversed by the treatment of </span><em>G. sylvestre</em><span> in a dose-dependent manner. It might be mediated through its insulin resistance modulating property by the activation of AMPK &amp; GLUT4 expression on ovarian endometrial cells.</span> Sudhakar Pachiappan Kothai Ramalingam Arul Balasubramanian 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Association of Family History, Life-Style Related Factors, Dietary Patterns, and Psychological Status with Amavata (~Rheumatoid Arthritis) among the Population of Jamnagar, India: A Matched Case-Control Study https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221700 <span>Background:</span><span> The modern medical community now recognises </span><em>Amavata</em><span> as a condition that can lead to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) due to a combination of genetic predisposition, poor dietary habits, altered lifestyle, disturbed sleep, disturbed psychological condition, etc. </span><em>Amavata</em><span>’s origins are said to be two thousand years old, but there is no rigid evidence to support this. </span><span>Aim:</span><span> To evaluate the association of family history, different dietary patterns and lifestyle related risk factors such as Vyayama, improper bowel movements, disturbed/irregular sleep patterns, psychological stress, etc., in the pathology of </span><em>Amavata</em><span> (~RA). </span><span>Materials and Methods:</span><span> A matched case-control study was conducted from 18 April 2018 to 09 January 2020, containing 150 cases (patients of </span><em>Amavata</em><span>), and 150 controls (healthy volunteers), matching in age (between 18-50 years), and both the sexes (1:1 ratio) selected from Jamnagar district. After receiving written informed permission, data were obtained using CRF (Case Record Form). An open-ended questionnaire through the one-to-one interview was used to obtain data on eating habits, psychological and emotional circumstances previous to sickness, lifestyle features such as sleep, </span><em>Vyayama</em><span> (physical activity), and bowel patterns. Chi-square tests and Odds Ratios (OR) were computed. </span><span>Results:</span><span> The statistical analysis revealed that positive family history (χ</span><span>2</span><span> = 63.021, p&lt;0.001), </span><em>Avyayama</em><span> (lack of physical activity) (OR = 7.43, χ</span><span>2</span><span> = 79.95, p&lt;0.001), </span><em>Diwaswapna</em><span> (day time sleep) (OR = 12.86, χ</span><span>2</span><span> = 93.048, p&lt;0.001), disturbed night sleep (OR = 44.25, χ</span><span>2</span><span> = 159.61, p&lt;0.001), constipation (OR = 85.17, χ</span><span>2</span><span> = 144.10, p&lt;0.001), Atishrama (occupational stress)(OR = 22.86, χ</span><span>2</span><span> = 96.989, p&lt;0.001), disturbed psychological status (p&lt;0.001) and faulty dietary patterns (p&lt;0.001) were found to have statistically significant association with </span><em>Amavata</em><span> (~RA). </span><span>Conclusion:</span><span> Strong positive associations were found between positive family history, </span><em>Avyayama</em><span> (lack of physical activity), </span><em>Diwaswapna</em><span> (daytime sleep), disturbed night sleep, constipation, disturbed psychological status, Atishrama (occupational stress), and faulty dietary patterns (</span><em>Adhyashana, Vishamashana, Viruddhashana</em><span>) with </span><em>Amavata</em><span> which are statistically significant and they can be considered as the potential risk factors for the incidence of </span><em>Amavata</em><span> (~RA).</span> C. Rajkumar A. S. Baghel K. Shubhangi N. N. L. Bhagavathi 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Plant Extracts of Tanacetum dolicophyllum (Kitam.) Kitam https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221705 <span>The objective of this study was the assessment of antioxidant and cytotoxic activity from </span><em>Tanacetum dolicophyllum</em><span>. Soxhlet extraction has been used for preparing plant extracts for which five solvents have been used, i.e., Petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. Proteins, tannins, phlobatannins, amino acids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, and phenols were detected in the sample extracts. In the phytochemical screening of plant extracts, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract show the best results which further leads to the investigation of antioxidant activity. Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Reducing Power assay, and Phosphomolybdenum assays were performed to estimate antioxidant activity. In the RPA and TAC, the absorbance of sample extracts increases as there is an increase in concentration. In DPPH and FRAP assay, ethyl acetate showed good results. DPPH assay for ethyl acetate extract with 172.73(µg/ml) and ethanolic extract with 171.07(µg/ml) of IC</span><span>50</span><span> values. The ethyl acetate extract had the highest antioxidant activity. The MTT assay was used to investigate the anticancer activity. The MTT assay discovered that the ethyl acetate extract had the highest anticancer activity against HeLa cells with an IC50 75 µg/mL as compared to a normal cell line J774A. Several compounds present in the extract of ethyl acetate acted as anticancer and contributed to cytotoxic activity.</span> Gunjan Sharma Zoya Zaidi Mohammad Irfan Ali Sarmad Moin 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 5α-Reductase Inhibitory Potential of Hibiscus rosa sinensis: Effective for the Management of Alopecia https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221707 <span>The condition known as male pattern hair loss and benign prostatic hyperplasia are both treated with a family of drugs known as 5 alpha reductase (5α-reductase) inhibitors. This study shows that the flower of </span><em>Hibiscus rosa sinensis</em><span> has 5α-reductase inhibitory action that is helpful in the treatment of androgenic diseases. Phytochemical screening was done using petroleum ether, methanol, and water extracts to identify the phytochemical group present. Then, using quercetin as a reference flavonoid component, the Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) was assessed using a colorimetric technique. The 5α-reductase inhibitory activity was evaluated using several extracts and compared to the well-known 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride. Finally, the inhibition of different extracts to the enzyme was assessed using a biochemical approach to measure the activity of 5α-reductase. It was determined that the IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of </span><em>Hibiscus rosa sinensis</em><span> methanolic extract, 146.048 ± 0.453 (μg/mL) and quercetin (a chemical biomarker of the plant material) 141.426 ± 1.578 (μg/mL), were promising candidates for future investigation into their antiandrogenic activities.</span> Arpan Chakraborty Arka Bhattacharjee Baishakhi Mondal Manas Chakraborty Goutam Mukhopadhyay Alpana Majumder 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 The Behavioural Analysis of the Dosha Pattern Derived from Associated Current Diseases and Symptoms along with Parkinson’s Disease https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221710 <span>Parkinson’s Disease (PD) in </span><em>Ayurveda</em><span> can be correlated with </span><em>Kampavata</em><span> or Tremor, which is one of the four cardinal symptoms of PD. Along with this tremor, various other symptoms or diseases can manifest along with PD. In this research, we considered 43 different diseases and symptoms for analysis of the current health status of PD. Initially, we marked each disease and symptom with its respective disturbed </span><em>Dosha</em><span>. Next, we calculated the cumulative </span><em>Dosha</em><span> score for each individual </span><em>Tridosha</em><span> based on the diseases and symptoms a person is currently suffering from along with PD. Finally, different </span><em>Dosha</em><span> patterns were identified through different statistical analyses. We observed the variation of </span><em>Tridosha</em><span> due to changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) and age. The results obtained successfully established the association of various current health-related </span><em>Dosha</em><span>s with PD compared to controls. The positive significant differences in mean </span><em>Dosha</em><span> score were observed for </span><em>Vata</em><span> and </span><em>Kapha Dosha</em><span> for PD compared to control. Significant </span><em>Dosha</em><span> variations have been observed for PD in relation to different BMI categories and age categories. There is a possibility that </span><em>Dosha</em><span> will become distorted when a subject’s weight varies from normal weight to underweight or obese. Likewise, the probability of </span><em>Dosha</em><span> vitiations increases with age. The </span><em>Vata</em><span> </span><em>Dosha</em><span> with Odds Ratio (OR) 1.036 (1.016-1.058), </span><em>Pitta</em><span> Dosha OR 0.814 (0.784-0.846) and </span><em>Kapha</em><span> </span><em>Dosha</em><span> OR 1.280 (1.229-1.332) shows the probability of all </span><em>Dosha</em><span>s occurring in Parkinson’s disease.</span> Vinayak Majhi Bishnu Choudhury Goutam Saha Sudip Paul 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Physicochemical Characterization and Cytocompatibility Study of Lyophilized Cow Urine Powder https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221712 <span>Cow urine is known for possessing therapeutic potency which is found to vary depending upon its physical forms such as fresh sterile urine, distillate, lyophilized powder, etc. In the current work, we demonstrate the physicochemical characteristics and cytocompatibility of lyophilized powder of cow urine obtained from</span><em> Sahiwal</em><span> and the pure Indian breed. We have used several analytical techniques, including Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) to examine the physical and chemical nature of cow urine powder obtained through lyophilization. SEM-EDX analysis showed clusters like morphology and revealed 25-30% of metal ions present in both samples. TGA analysis showed three steps of degradation sequentially most likely due to initial desorption of adsorbed water, urea degradation, and loss of glycoside moiety present in flavonoid. DSC data revealed the presence of both irregular (amorphous) and ordered molecular structures (crystalline) in the lyophilized powder of cow urine. &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H NMR spectra of all the prepared cow urine samples exhibited a similar trend and did not vary significantly and; confirming the presence of the same flavonoid/compounds in each sample. FTIR spectra of all the prepared cow urine samples exhibited a similar trend and did not vary significantly as observed through &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H NMR spectra. In addition, a cytocompatibility study and MTT assay using NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells revealed that lyophilized cow urine powders possessed no deleterious effects on healthy fibroblast cells. Thus, the outcomes provide a benchmark for further understanding of the lyophilized form of cow urine that could be potentially useful for analyzing its therapeutic value.</span> Pallawi Neeraj K. Vishwakarma Sushmitha Paulraj Sanjeev Kumar Mahto Kameshwarnath Singh 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antihyperglycemic and Hypolipidemic Potential of Alstonia scholaris Leaves Extracts in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221713 <span>The evergreen tree </span><em>Alstonia scholaris</em><span> (L) R. Br. (Family: Apocynaceae) is native to Australasia, southern China and the tropics of Asia. Despite its importance as a medicinal plant, little is known about its potential role in complementing standard methods of treating diabetes and its associated consequences. Therefore, the present study scientifically investigated extracts from the leaves of </span><em>A. scholaris</em><span> for their antioxidant (</span><em>in vitro</em><span>), anti-diabetic, and hypolipidemic effects in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Male Wistar rats were administered streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.p.) and fed a high-fat diet to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. They were treated with 400 mg/kg of an ethyl acetate (EAEAS) and ethanolic (EAAS) extract of </span><em>A. scholaris</em><span> leaves after complications persisted. Typical drugs were metformin (200 mg/kg) and canagliflozin (10 mg/kg). In the end, blood was drawn to determine various biochemical parameters such as fasting blood sugar, lipid profile and markers of heart, liver and kidney damage. In addition, the rat’s weight, urinary glucose concentration, urine volume, blood pressure, Electrocardiogram (ECG), and antioxidant potential of EEAS were measured. The pancreas, heart, kidneys, and liver were all subjected to histopathological analysis. A wide range of biochemical and physiological markers, including blood and urine glucose, lipid profile, markers of heart, kidney and liver damage, antioxidant levels and blood pressure, showed significant improvement in response to EEAS. Histopathology illustrates the reverse modulation in heart, kidney, and liver tissue compared to disease control. Based on the data obtained, the EAEAS achieved is far inferior to that required to treat diabetes mellitus. In summary, this present study demonstrates that EEAS (400 mg/kg) can lower blood sugar levels, fight free radicals, and lower bad cholesterol levels in rats with diabetes and complications. Further investigations can be undertaken to explore its mechanism of action at the molecular level.</span> Sonam Mishra Jayesh Beladiya Anita Mehta 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Phytochemical Profiling and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity of Flacourtia inermis Roxb. Fruits https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221714 <span>Objectives:</span><span> The present research work was carried out to explore the potential use </span><em>Flacourtia inermis</em><span> [FI] fruits for the prevention and treatment of obesity through pancreatic lipase inhibition </span><em>in vitro</em><span>. The study also aimed to investigate the chemical profiling of ethanol extract of FI using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography (HR-LC/MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). </span><span>Materials and Methods:</span><span> Dried fruits of </span><em>Flacourtia inermis</em><span> were pulverised and subsequently extracted using various solvents in sequential steps of increasing polarity, such as hexane, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. After phytochemical analysis by preliminary chemical testing various extracts were evaluated for their ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase, and the ethanol extract was found to have an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; close to that of reference drug orlistat. The most potent ethanol extract was analysed by HPTLC and separated through column chromatography, and further analysis was performed by HR-LC/MS and 1H-NMR techniques. </span><span>Results:</span><span> The presence of various phytoconstituents in this plant was detected using different types of analytical techniques. PL lipase inhibitory activity was observed in extracts in a dose dependent manner. Performing PL inhibition assay, it was found that the ethanol fruit extracts have lipase inhibitory activity with an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 377.15 μg/ml. HPTLC finger printing of the ethanol extract showed the presence of various bioactice compounds. HR-LC/MS study of the most active ethanol extract indicated the presence of different phytochemicals, such as phenolics and flavonoids. Column chromatographic separation of ethanol fruit extract of FI followed by structural elucidation using various spectral studies demonstrated the presence of two compounds namely myricetin and quinic acid. </span><span>Conclusion:</span><span> The study suggests that the edible fruits of </span><em>Flacourtia inermis</em><span> have the potential to inhibit pancreatic lipase enzyme and therefore, may be recommended for the management of obesity. Additionally, our research sheds light on the phytochemistry of </span><em>flacourtia</em><span> species and may lead to the development of novel chemical entities as potential pancreatic lipase inhibitors.</span> T. Bency Baby R. Murali T. N. K. Suriyaprakash V. V. Venkatachalam S. Vigil Anbiah N. Srinivasan V. Ajeesh 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Antidiabetic Activity of Vasant Kusumakar Ras in Streptozotocin and High Fat Diet Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sprague Dawley Rats https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221718 <span>Background:</span><span> </span><em>VasantKusumakar Ras</em><span> </span><em>(VK Ras</em><span>) is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation used in the treatment of Type-2 diabetes mellitus. Despite its clinical anti-diabetic claims, no pre-clinical attempts were made to rule out its efficacy as an antidiabetic agent. </span><span>Objectives:</span><span> The present study was carried out to find the anti-diabetic effect of </span><em>VK Ras</em><span> against a High-Fat Diet (HFD), and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetes and to explore the mode of action of </span><em>VK Ras</em><span>. </span><span>Materials and Methods:</span><span> Different doses of </span><em>VK Ras</em><span> were administered to diabetic rats for 35 days. The biochemical markers analysis, intestinal glucose uptake, and liver glycogen content were estimated at the end of the study and also vital organs were weighed and subjected to histopathological evaluation. Results: </span><em>VK Ras</em><span> treatment reduced blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner. The insulin, HbA1C, HOMA-IR, and lipid profiles were improved in </span><em>VK Ras</em><span>-treated animals as compared to diabetic control animals. The relative organ weights were changed in diabetic rats, and treatment with </span><em>VK Ras</em><span> corrected the organ weights. Intestinal glucose uptake and liver glycogen content were decreased with treatment. Further, the histopathological analysis of the pancreas and other vital organs had shown that dose-dependent restoration of organ function with </span><em>VK Ras</em><span> treatment. Conclusions:</span><em> VK Ras</em><span> treatment reduces insulin resistance as well as corrects the lipid, hepatic and renal abnormalities that arise from diabetes, these effects may be mediated by interfering with glucose transport from the gut and insulin release from the β pancreatic cells.</span> Sudesh N. Gaidhani Srikanth Ala Viswanth Reddy Y. R. Sanjaya Kumar Shrirang Jamadagni Thamizh Selvam K. K. Ajeesh Kumar 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Growth Inhibitory Effect of Wedelolactone in Combination with Cisplatin on PA-1 Ovarian Cancer Cell Line https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221720 <span>Drug resistance and poor therapeutic outcomes are the emerging problems pertaining to cisplatin treatment in ovarian cancer. The effectiveness of the conventional chemotherapeutic medication could be improved by combining with natural drugs. In the current study, Wedelolactone (WDL) a natural coumestan, in combination with Cisplatin (Cis) was determined to be a potent anti-cancer drug as evidenced by their capacity to bring about cytotoxicity by decreasing NF-κB expression in PA-1 ovarian cancer cells. “Cell viability assays” were carried out and the effective combination of wedelolactone with Cisplatin were confirmed by PCR and western blot analysis. The determined IC</span><span>50</span><span> (10µM) of WDL displayed advantageous anti-cancer effect in PA-1 cells compared to Cis treatment. Furthermore, the combination of wedelolactone (5µM) and cisplatin(3µM) also down regulated NF-κB expression which is a key player of various cancer promoting events such as drug resistance, apoptotic inhibition, inflammation and angiogenesis. WDL potentiates the sensitivity of PA-1 cells towards cisplatin by decreasing the ETS1 and P-gp expression which are involved in MDR mechanism. Overall, this study suggest that Wedelolactone can be used to sensitize ovarian tumors to standard cancer chemotherapeutics.</span> Gloria Jemmi Christobel Robinson Shyam Sundar Jaganathan Abirami M. Padmanaban Shila Samuel 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Anti Anti-obesity and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Ougeinia oojeinensis (Roxb.) in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Experimental Animals https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221725 <span>The present study was planned to assess the anti-obesity efficacy of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanolic extracts of leaves of </span><em>Ougeinia oojeinensis</em><span> (Roxb.) belonging to the family </span><em>Fabaceae</em><span>. The soxhlation method was employed to produce the extracts. Wistar rats were subjected to a high-fat diet for 40 days to induce obesity. Along with the high-fat diet, a standard drug Orlistat 50 mg/kg and various extracts of </span><em>O. oojeinensis</em><span> at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were administered for 40 days. The key markers like lipid profiles, SGOT, SGPT, glucose, body weight, food intake, body temperature, atherogenic index, coronary index, and weight of the organs were assessed. The anti-antioxidant properties like TBARS, GSH, GR, Gpx, SOD, and CAT were also estimated. The results revealed that </span><em>O. oojeinensis</em><span> with the doses 100 and 200 mg/kg showed significant Anti obese and hypolipidemic effects in rats fed with a high-fat diet.</span> K. Jagadeeshwar R. Subhakara Raju G. Chakravarthi A. Rajasekhar Reddy G. S. N. Koteswara Rao Narender Malothu 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Formulation and Evaluation of an Anti-inflammatory Topical Polyherbal Gel https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221726 <span>Inflammation is currently treated with NSAIDs. Unfortunately, these drugs increase the risk of blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes. Therefore, the development of potent anti-inflammatory drugs from natural products is currently being investigated. Natural products made from medicinal plants play an important role in curing many diseases associated with inflammation. Conventional anti-inflammatory drug available in the market has various side effects. Because of these side effects, there is a need to look for newer drugs with fewer or no side effects. The objective of the present study was to develop polyherbal gel containing hydroalcoholic extract of </span><em>Berberis aristata</em><span> root, </span><em>Rubia cordifolia</em><span> root and </span><em>Boswellia serrata</em><span> gum by using Carbopol 934 and Propylene glycol. The 3</span><span>2</span><span> factorial design was constructed using concentration of polymer (carbopol 934) and penetration enhancer (Propylene glycol) as independent variables while Viscosity (m.Pas), % in vitro release of Berberine, Rubiadin and AKBA as dependent variables, total 9 possible experimental runs formulate and evaluate. The optimized gel was selected by design of expert employing the overlay plot with desirability approach. Optimized gel showed 39568 m.Pas viscosity, drug content of Berberine 0.48 mg, Rubiadin 0.42 mg and AKBA 0.51 mg. In vivo and histopathology study revealed that prepared gel showed good anti-inflammatory activity.</span> Jaya Patel Nikunjana A. Patel Tarun Lal 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 A Molecular Docking Investigation of SARS- CoV-2’s Main Protease against Phytocomponents of Siddha Formulation Vishasura Kudineer https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221728 <span>Background:</span><span> Covid-19 disease is a Wuhan, China originated acute viral respiratory illness. Even though the development of numerous vaccines, the threat of the Covid-19 virus endures nearly two years after the outbreak. The new mutant strain omicron has now spread to several countries. As a result, newer antiviral therapy is required to overcome this scenario. </span><span>Objective:</span><span> This study is aimed at phytocomponents in the </span><em>Siddha</em><span> formulation, </span><em>Vishasura Kudineer</em><span> (VSK), it is widely used to manage fever and respiratory ailments and may be effective in combating the ongoing pandemic of novel coronavirus disease. </span><span>Methodology:</span><span> The principal protease 3CLpro of this new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a possible focus for therapeutic development since it plays a major part in disease transmission. Molecular docking investigation for all active Phytocomponents found in the </span><em>Siddha</em><span> formulation </span><em>Vishasura Kudineer</em><span> with possible targets was carried in the major Protease of SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID:6LU7). AutoDockTools was used to design and optimize the ligand structures. Results: Molecular docking of the 9 bioactive phytocomponents as Santalic acids (-6.39), Nimbolide (-6.38), Rutin, Aristolochic acid (-6.95), Glabridin (-7.53), Indirubin (-7.23), Sabinene (-5.36), β-vetivenene (-6.79), and Zingiberene (-6.47) from in the </span><em>Siddha</em><span> sastric formulation, </span><em>Vishasura Kudineer</em><span> performed on the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease protein’s active site (PDB ID: 6LU7). These phytochemicals had significant molecular interaction with the active residues, indicating their distinct inhibitory potencies. </span><span>Conclusion:</span><span> Whether this </span><em>Siddha</em><span> formulation could be used to effectively treat and manage COVID-19 and its variants, further research and clinical studies need to be done.</span> S. Karthik Nagarajan M. Bakkiya Devi S. Thillaivanan K. S. Maanickha Chelvi A. Kanagarajan 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 A Randomized Standard Controlled Clinical Trial of Unani Topical Formulation in the Management of Dermatomycoses https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221730 <span>Dermatomycoses are the human’s oldest recognized and reported infections, which are the fastest growing infections of the skin, hair, and nails. These infections are a global concern due to their ever-increasing prevalence of about 25-27 %, high rate of relapse/recurrence, and resistance. The study was conducted in search of safer and more effective natural medicine. The effect of the standard drug, Terbinafine cream as control is compared with the test drug, Unani formulation in the paste form for local application, containing Kaththa (</span><em>Acacia catechu</em><span>), Hena (</span><em>Lawsonia innermis</em><span>), Mazu (</span><em>Quercus infectoria</em><span>), Kibreet (</span><em>Sulphur</em><span>), and Suhaga (</span><em>Borax</em><span>). The data on the effect of the control and test drugs on the various features of the dermatomycoses shows that the Unani formulation is almost similar to the standard drug in terms of Mycological cure and Clinical cure statistically. Hence, Unani formulation can be used in the treatment of dermatomycoses.</span> Zamir Ahmad 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Excipients-Based Ketoconazole Cream for Fungal Infection https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221740 <span>The goals of the current studies were to create herbal excipients-based ketoconazole cream to enhance the efficacy against chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Ketoconazole, coconut oil and other herbal excipients namely shea butter, bees wax, Lanolin and Rose oil were used for the formulation. Each formulation was prepared with various concentrations of coconut oil. Every prepared formulations were evaluated successfully. Among all the formulations F4 was the best that exhibiting a higher </span><em>in vitro</em><span> diffusion rate 59.6 ± 0.10 % CDR within 480 min with maximum antifungal efficacy, compared with the marketed formulation. We might therefore say that herbal excipients-based cream improved patient compliance and is a superior alternative to oral preparation, easier administration, local bioavailability, and better results for individuals with persistent mucocutaneous candidiasis who are afflicted with fungi.</span> Janki B. Patel Mansi Gajera Zalak Shah Pinkal Patel Kinjal Parmar Vaishali Patel Hetvi Patel Disha Patel Kanupriya Rathore 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Roghan Mālish ‘A Topical Formulation’ Attenuates Joint Pain, Down-Regulates C-Reactive Protein Level and Improves Quality of Life in Patients with Waja‘ al-Mafāṣil (NUMC: L-4) (Arthralgia) – A Pilot Clinical Study https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221741 <span>Roghan Mālish is a cost effective topical application recommended for joint pain management. This prospective pilot study evaluated the safety, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effect of Roghan Mālish in patients with arthralgia to validate the therapeutic claim and generate evidence for further studies. The study was conducted in patients with joint pain as chief complaint, with or without swelling and morning stiffness. The study was approved by Institutional ethic committee prior to initiation. Patients were advised to apply Roghan Mālish (2.5 mL/joint) followed by gentle massage in circular motion for 5 mins twice daily for 14 days. The efficacy was calculated from the reduction in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) level and improvement in Quality of Life Scale (QOLS). Relevant pathological and biochemical indices and the observation of adverse events were used to evaluate the safety. A total number of 58 patients completed the trial with the mean age of 46.2 years and the majority (70.7%) being female. The overall therapeutic response was 93%. A significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease in VAS score and CRP level, and significant improvement in QOLS was observed after treatment with Roghan Mālish. No significant difference in pathological and biochemical indices was observed before and after treatment. Roghan Mālish was well tolerated upon topical application with no any undesirable side effects. The study results indicate that the topical application of Roghan Mālish is safe and may be used successfully to treat arthralgia.</span> Noman Anwar Noor Zaheer A. Farhath Fathima Athar Parvez Ansari K. Mohammed Farhan Ammu Jayanthi Viswanathan 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Developing Cost-Effective and Efficient Drinking Water Treatment Technology for the Removal of Salinity and Suspended Solids https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221742 <span>Although a variety of economical water treatment options are available, rural residents struggle to have safe drinking water. Therefore, developing cost-effective and efficient drinking water treatment technology for the removal of selected ionic compounds and suspended solids is necessary. The present study aims to establish a cost-effective water treatment method by employing the following adsorbents Graphene Sand Composite (GSC), GSC with </span><em>Moringa Oleifera</em><span> seeds, </span><em>Phyllanthus emblica</em><span> seeds, </span><em>Strychnos potatorum</em><span> seeds, tea waste, sawdust, coal, coconut charcoal, and clay pot (an indigenized filter). X-ray diffraction of GSC confirms SiO</span><span>2</span><span> nanoparticles, a broad peak centred at 22.5°, Graphene peaks are found at 26.73 (200), 45.8 (110) and 54.959 (222). In FT-IR, graphene oxide has a strong and wide O-H/ Si-OH stretching vibration peak at 3444 cm</span><span>-1</span><span>. In the Raman spectrum, the graphitic vibration band from its first-order scattering of E</span><span>2g</span><span> photons using sp</span><span>2</span><span> carbon appeared at 1589 cm</span><span>-1</span><span>. Moreover, the graphitic vibration band contributes to the presence of stretching C-C bond; which is common in all sp</span><span>2</span><span> carbon systems. Water’s pH, TDS, hardness, and chloride content also increased considerably in a few adsorbents. Fabricated pots with an indigenous filter using GSC and </span><em>Moringa oleifera</em><span> seed as filter disc has also been designed and evaluated in the present study. In this research, 100% salinity removal is achieved using GSC as an adsorbent. While there is an interesting rise trend in fluoride and calcium content to 33% and 39%, respectively. The reason for the rise in fluoride and calcium can be studied further.</span> P. G. Jansi Rani C. Vimala T. Divya M. B. Anusha T. Vinotha J. Rajagowri Kumaran Shanmugam 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Management of Garbhashayhat vata (Atrophic uterus) Through Ayurveda - A Case Report https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221743 <span>Infertility is a burning problem all over the globe. Many couples yearn to have babies in their life. Infertility is very common issue faced by many couples from years. They use conventional type of therapy for many years and then approach Ayurveda. </span><em>Vandhyatva</em><span> is term used in Ayurveda for sterility. This sterility comes due to many factors occurring inside and outside of the body. </span><em>Rutu, Kshetra, Ambu </em><span>and</span><em> Beej</em><span> are the </span><em>Garbhautpadkar bhava</em><span> (factors important for fertilization and implantation) which are immensely important for normal fertilization and attachment of the foetus in the womb. Disorder in any of the above factor can cause infertility. </span><em>Kshetra</em><span> means the site where the foetus will reside. It should be normal and healthy for its survival. Derangement or pathology in it may cause failure to conceive. There are various problems which causes pathology in uterus such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibrosis and atrophy are a few of them. In this case report, we have a 32 years old female patient with small uterus and an irregular menstruation. The cause for her infertility was long term use of hormonal therapy for contraception purpose. She was advised to do </span><em>Panchkarma</em><span> for eight days and herbomineral formulations were prescribed to her for five months. After 3 months, she got her regular menses. USG pelvis before and after treatment were advised to her and positive results were obtained with Ayurvedic treatment.</span> Amol Deshpande Mayuri Deshpande 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Alopecia Universalis Treated with Ayurveda Protocol and Assessed by SALT (Severity of Alopecia Tool) - A Case Report https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221745 <span>Alopecia Universalis is a condition that causes generalized hair loss in the body. It is associated with nail changes in 10-15 % of Autoimmune origin conditions. Several medicines normalize hair growth, but this condition requires a treatment modality that concentrates on the root cause of hair falling all over the body. Here is a case report about the Ayurvedic approach in a 48-year-old male patient with Alopecia Universalis presented with hair loss all over the body associated with itching. We administered the Ayurveda protocol and Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) criteria assumed before and after assessing clinical output.</span> V. Archana Delvin T. Robin Preeti Mohan James Chacko 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Reformed Hormonal Status in Hyperandrogenism through Ayurvedic Management with Yoga and Prānāyāma in a Known Case of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - A Case Report https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221746 <span>Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is the commonest endocrinological disorder of women in the reproductive age group. It is characterized by oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and raised Luteinizing Hormone: Follicle Stimulating Hormone ratio. Elevated levels of Luteinizing Hormone, contribute to hyperandrogenism and the altered ratio between Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone. The present case report discusses the Ayurvedic management of altered Luteinizing Hormone - Follicle Stimulating Hormone ratio in a diagnosed case of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. The patient was diagnosed as having </span><em>Ārtava Kṣaya</em><span> with </span><em>Mukhadūṣikā</em><span> and was subjected to Ayurvedic management for 6 months commencing with </span><em>Śodhana</em><span> followed by </span><em>Śamana</em><span>. A remarkable improvement was obtained after the course of treatment.</span> S. Praseeda P. Gopika Parvathy Unnikrishnan Anjaly Muraleedharan Hemavathi Shivapura Krishnaraja Bhatt 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Ayurveda Treatment Protocol in the Management of Relapse of Palmo-Plantar Pustulosis (PPP) - A Case Report https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221747 <span>Background:</span><span> Palmo-Plantar Pustulosis (PPP) is one of the debilitative skin disorders having a prevalence of 0.050 to 0.12 % worldwide, which is hallmarked by sharply demarcated erythematous pustular lesions over the body. Modern treatment provides certain moisturizers, topical steroids, light therapy, and systemic therapies in the long run, but recurrent crops of pustular lesions are the main problem. Here a case of PPP treated with Ayurvedic protocol is discussed. A 65-year old female patient complained of blackish-red pustular desquamative lesions over the upper and lower limb associated with occasional oozing after itching with extreme hardness and rough texture over the affected area for three years. The ailment was diagnosed as </span><em>kitibha</em><span> (a type of psoriasis), and the treatment was organized accordingly. The patient received continuous </span><em>virechana</em><span> (purgative therapy) for three months at a rate of six days per month, followed by </span><em>pathya</em><span> (wholesome food), topical application, and internal medications. Auspitz signs and PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) assessment, along with symptomatic improvement in signs and symptoms, were used to quantify the outcome of the disease. After receiving the initial bowel cleansing medications such as Patolakaturohinyadi Kashaya, Saribadyasava, and Manibhadragula, the patient claimed complete recovery from the acute phase. The second phase was followed by continuous </span><em>virechana</em><span> (purgation therapy) for three months at a rate of six days per month, which showed no signs of relapse for three consecutive months in the affected areas. Even though PPP is incredibly challenging to treat, shodhana (purificatory therapy) for six consecutive months can potentially prevent relapse. This opens up the future scope for structured clinical trials in the treatment of disease.</span> James Chacko B. Varshanath Delvin T. Robin Preethi Mohan 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Successful Healing Treatment of Renal Calculi (Kidney Stones) using Yoga Prana Vidya System Protocols: A Case Series Study https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221748 <strong>Introduction:</strong><span><strong> </strong>A kidney stone is a cluster of crystals formed together to create a hard mass in one or both kidneys, bladder and the urinary tract, varying in size from a few millimetres to several centimetres causing severe pain. The majority of stones less than 10 mm in size will pass out of the body in the urine using various remedies, but some medical help is preferable. This paper presents 7 patient cases of kidney stones dissolved and patients relieved of pain, anxiety and worry and associated symptoms successfully using Yoga Prana Vidya healing protocols. </span><span>Method:</span><span> This paper uses the case study method, analysing patient medical records, and healers’ records with patient feedback. </span><span>Results:</span><span> The kidney stones of patients were fully dissolved within 45 days in respect of cases 1 and 2. In respect of cases 3 and 4, the kidney stones were dissolved within 10 to 14 days of healing. The patients correspondingly experienced complete relief of all symptoms within the same period. In respect of cases 5, 6 and 7, the kidney stones were dissolved within 5 days of healing in an in-house healing camp in a controlled Group environment. </span><strong>Conclusion:</strong><span> YPV healing protocols effectively healed and eliminated kidney stones (renal calculi). Documented and published evidence shows that integrated YPV system of healing protocols have been successfully applied in the treatment of a variety of illnesses holistically both as Complementary Medicine and as Alternative Medicine (CAM). Further research using appropriate samples and methodology is recommended. It is also worthwhile to train frontline health workers such as doctors and nurses in using YPV techniques to complement their respective specialties for the holistic healing of patients.</span> Sujay Parikh Dharna Vasavda Leelavathi Nayak N. Jayachander Reddy Venkata Satyanarayana Nanduri 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Treatment of Extra-gingival Pyogenic Granuloma (Athara ratthathontham) in Siddha – A Case Report https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221749 <span>The present case report was a 36-year female with lesion on the right side of inner lower lip and diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma occurring at an unusual site. The presently available treatment for pyogenic granuloma is surgical excision which might delay the wound healing due to complications such as intraoperative bleeding and post operative infection. Other treatment modalities such as cryosurgery, </span><em>CO2</em><span> and </span><em>Nd:YAG</em><span> lasers, flash lamp pulsed dye lasers, surgical ablation, and radiation may not be affordable for many patients. In our present study, the Siddha para-surgical therapy </span><em>chuttigai</em><span> (cauterization) was performed and the case was followed up for 30 days. The intervention was found to be as a simple, inexpensive therapy effective in treating small superficial pedunculated vascular lesions with no blood loss or no need of hospitalization.</span> J. Jeyavenkatesh S. Roja Ramani 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Phenolic Content, Antioxidant, Hemidiaphragm Glucose Consumption, and Hemoglobin Glycosylation Inhibitory Activities of Lavandula stoechas L. Aqueous Extract https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221750 <span>The aqueous extract of </span><em>Lavandula stoechas</em><span> (AqLs) is employed as a diabetic cure in Eastern Moroccan traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to confirm and search for the antidiabetic mechanisms of this plant. The goal of this research is to look into the </span><em>in vitro</em><span> antioxidant activity of L. stoechas’s aqueous extract which was analyzed by using two different techniques; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), and β-carotene bleaching assay, with an IC50 = 0.031 ± 0.02 mg/mL and an IC50 = 94.33 ± 12.5 µg/ml respectively. Furthermore, the polyphenolic and flavonoid concentrations were calculated at 146.71 ± 0.53 mg GAE/mg of AqLs, and 721,21 ± 0,21 µg QE/mg of AqLs respectively. Besides, the </span><em>in vitro</em><span> research of glucose consumption by Peripheral glucose consumption reveals that the combination of this extract, plus insulin, enhances the activity of insulin and improves glucose utilization by the hemidiaphragm with 166.89 ± 23.56 mg/g/h. Finally, the </span><em>in vitro</em><span> hemoglobin glycosylation test validated </span><em>L. stoechas</em><span> antidiabetic efficacy with activity equal to 48.94 ± 3.67 mg/mL compared to the gallic acid. Consequently, the aqueous extract of </span><em>L. stoechas</em><span> was discovered to have promising antidiabetic and antioxidant properties in this research, which can be considered for more biological exploration.</span> Amal Elrherabi Mohamed Bouhrim Rhizlan Abdnim Ali Berraaouan Abderrahim Ziyyat Hassane Mekhfi Abdelkhaleq Legssyer Mohamed Bnouham 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Assessment of Anxiolytic Activity of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) in Zebrafish Model System https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221752 <span>The increasing prevalence of anxiety and stress-related disorders has made it a leading contributor to the global health burden. The present treatment options have severe side effects and show remission on discontinuation of the medication. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore safer alternative treatments for long-term usage with minimum toxicity. The medicinal plant </span><em>Brahmi</em><span> (</span><em>Bacopa monnieri</em><span>) has been used in Indian traditional medicine as a neural tonic for centuries. The present study aimed to study the toxicity and anxiolytic activity of </span><em>Brahmi</em><span> using the zebrafish model system. The toxicity assays determined the minimum effective concentration of </span><em>Brahmi</em><span> to be 0.01%. In addition, behavioral assays such as thigmotaxis and scototaxis and endocrine assays such as the measurement of cortisol levels in stressed zebrafish larvae were performed. Zebrafish embryos exposed to 0.2% </span><em>Brahmi</em><span> up to seven days post fertilization (dpf) did not show any developmental toxicity. Behavioral and endocrine assays were performed on 5dpf zebrafish larvae treated with 0.01% </span><em>Brahmi</em><span> extract. Our studies show that </span><em>Brahmi</em><span> significantly reduced thigmotaxis (wall hugging) and scototaxis behavior in zebrafish larvae exposed to osmotic stress as compared to untreated stressed larvae. Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis and stimulates the release of cortisol in zebrafish larvae. Whole body cortisol assay has shown that </span><em>Brahmi</em><span> significantly reduced the stress-induced release of cortisol in zebrafish larvae. Our studies report that </span><em>Brahmi</em><span> mitigates the stress response in zebrafish larvae and has minimum toxicity. This suggests that </span><em>Brahmi</em><span> may be a safe option for long term management of stress.</span> Padmshree Mudgal Radhika Gupta Adita Joshi Chandhana Prakash Kajal Gupta Ritika Sachdeva Niharika Joshi 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Detection of Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Against Acinetobacter Species Isolated from Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221754 <span>The aim of the present study evaluates the antibacterial activity of garlic extracts on isolates of </span><em>Acinetobacter</em><span>. A total of 100 strains were collected from various samples at MGM hospital in Kamothe, Navi Mumbai. The susceptibilities of isolates to different antibiotics were tested by using the Kirby Bauer agar disk diffusion method. Seventy-nine per cent of isolated strains showed resistance to at least 14 or more antibiotics and all strains are multidrug resistant. Antibacterial activity of different concentrations of Garlic Extract was measured by well diffusion and the disk diffusion method. Garlic extract was used in the range of 5% to 100%. The present study suggests that multidrug-resistant </span><em>Acinetobacter</em><span> bacteria with significant antibiotic resistance show significant susceptibility to modest amounts of garlic extracts.</span> Sareena Rao Deepashri Naik 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23 Alleviating Potential of Zingiber officinale and Cow Urine Distillate Co-administered with Levetiracetam in Epileptic Rats: A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamics Approach https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/221755 <span><strong>Background</strong>:</span><span> Epilepsy is a severe neurological condition that affects all ages of people. Complex pathways involved in pathogenesis make it complicated to treat; selected antiepileptic drug options are available for Epilepsy. There is a need for an hour to develop novel treatment approaches for epilepsy with lesser side effects. This research aimed to evaluate the alleviating role of bio-enhancers co-administered with levetiracetam for pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. </span><span>Methodology:</span><span> Pilocarpine (250 mg/kg) was used to develop epilepsy in rats. Levetiracetam (LEV) (140 mg/kg) was administered with </span><em>Zingiber officinale</em><span> Extract (ZOE) (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) and Cow Urine Distillate (CUD) (1.5 ml/kg and 3 ml/kg). HPLC was used to evaluate drug concentration in blood. Serum nitrate, catalase, CRP, calcium level and calcium level of the brain, behavioural markers in rats were assessed and compared with the Leviteracetam group only. </span><span>Result and Discussion:</span><span> The present study showed that combining ZOE and CUD with levetiracetam was advantageous through substantial reduction (p &lt; 0.05) in serum nitrate, CRP and increased catalase (p &lt; 0.05), while reduced serum calcium compared to LEV alone. Combination of ZOE and CUD with levetiracetam treatment also reduced seizure behaviour and duration in rats. The bioavailability of LEV in plasma and brain was increased when epileptic rats were treated with LEV plus ZOE and CUD compared to disease control. </span><span>Conclusion:</span><span> Utilization of </span><em>Zingiber officinale</em><span> and CUD in combination with LEV was proven therapeutically effective in the epileptic model and used to lower the dose of LEV along with reducing seizure behaviour and time with the potential for the treatment of epilepsy.</span> Nilay Solanki Harshal Patel Milap Patel Yamini Patel Preetu Shukla Jagdish Kakadiya Rajesh Maheshwari Priyal Chauhan 2023-04-30 2023-04-30 23