Journal of Natural Remedies

Anton Bahtiar ¹, Delvika Yessi Chumala ²

Affiliations
1 Universitas Indonesia, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, ID
2 Universitas Indonesia, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Depok, ID

Abstract

Background: Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. extract has eleutherinol that could bind with estrogen receptor alpha selectively, therefore it’s a candidate for selective estrogen receptor modulator drugs. Objective: To determine the influence of 70% of ethanol extract of E. bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., bulbs on blood pressure of ovariectomized rats. Methods: To analyze the content of the E. bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., bulbs, thin layer chromatography of the extracts were performed using chloroform : methanol (7 : 1, v/v) as the mobile phase. Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study, they were divided into six groups: SHAM and ovariectomized both given vehicle; tamoxifen (1.8 mg/kg BW.) as the positive control; three doses of extract at 40, 60, and 90 mg/kg BW were administereted respectively. All groups were ovariectomized on day 1, except the SHAM group. Measurement of blood pressure was performed on the day before ovariectomy, every week after ovariectomy until 28 days before treatment by the extract and then every week after treatment by the extract. Results: Three weeks after treatment of ovariectomized rats by the dose of 90 mg/kg BW of E. bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., extracts, could reduce the systolic blood pressure level to 28.06%, the diastolic to 30.47%. Conclusion: 70% of ethanolic extracts E. bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., could recover the blood pressure of ovariectomized rats, particularly at 90 mg/kg.

Keywords

Blood Pressure, Dayak Onions, Eleutherinol, Naphthoquinone, Ovariectomized.

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Anton Bahtiar ¹, Farah Amandasari ¹

Affiliations
1 Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, ID

Abstract

Introduction: Eleutherinol has strong affinity to bind with Estrogen Receptor alpha (ER-α) and can be found in Dayak onion bulbs (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.). The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) contain Daidzein that acts on estrogen receptors beta (ER-β). This study was aimed to investigate the effect of both extracts on ER-α and ER-β by estimating the blood pressure and serum lipid profile of hypoestrogen model rats. Material and Methods: Thirty-six of female Sprague-Dawley were randomly assigned to eight groups as followed, SHAM, OVX, RAL (Raloxifene 1 mg/200 g BW), Cowpea 100 mg/200 g BW with Dayak onion bulbs: 36 mg/200 g BW (D1); 18 mg/200 g BW (D2); 9 mg/200 g BW (D3); 4.5 mg/200 g BW (D4) and single dose of cowpea 100 mg/200 g BW (D5). All groups, except the SHAM,were ovariectomized to obtain the conditions of hypoestrogen. The extracts were given orally for 28 days. Blood pressure and lipid profile were measured after 28 days of treatment. Results: Combination of extracts at D2 (18 mg/200 g BW Dayak onion bulbs and 100 mg/200 g BW cowpea) significantly decreased blood pressure and serum lipid profile of hypoestrogen model rats. The combination extracts was also better than a single dose of 100 mg/200 g BW cowpea. Conclusions: The results indicated that a combination extract of Dayak onion bulbs and cowpea could be used as a drug for menopause woman in the future.

Keywords

Blood Pressure, Cowpea, Dayak Onion, Hypoestrogen, Lipid Profile.

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Mia Permawati ¹, Effionora Anwar ², Ade Arsianti ³, Anton Bahtiar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, ID
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, ID
3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Salemba No 6, ID

Abstract

The use of traditional medicine in the treatment of disease has increased globally due to its safety and efficacy. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. and Oldenlandia corymbosa L. have been used traditionally as a topical preparation for joint disease in Indonesia. Hence, the study was planned to scientifically study the existing empirical data. A nanoemulgel of combined Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. (ACE) and Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Extract (OCE) as a new drug focused on plant-based natural products with a good physical characteristic that inhibits inflammatory process in managing osteoarthritis (OA) was formulated. Thirty animals were randomly designated to the 6 groups (n=5) as follows: (1) The normal control group (Normal), (2) negative control groups of Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA), (3) combination ACE-OCE, (4) single ACE, (5) single OCE, (6) positive control group (Diclofenac). Rats received intraarticular MIA injection dose 3mg/0.05 mL on day zero excluding normal control group. All groups were administered topical preparations allotted to each dose group on day 29. Knee edema profile (every 7 days) and serum cytokine level (on day 57) was evaluated with Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA). Till day 42, knee edema profile of all group treatment have been similar with normal control group (p>0.05). Serum cytokines level for some biomarkers, such as S100A8 Protein, Interleukin-1β, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase thrombospondin-like motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5), Collagen Type II and Aggrecan Core Protein were decreased. A significant difference compared with MIA group showed for all group treatment on measurement of S100A8 Protein, IL-1β, and iNOS as a biomarker of inflammatory process (#P<0.05). The developed nanoemulgel ACE-OCE either in single or in combination has good physical characteristic and promising effect of anti-inflammatory activity to enhance MIA induced cartilage damage as potential therapeutic agent for OA and encouraging to conduct further studies.

Keywords

Aggrecan Core Protein, Collagen Type II, Monosodium Iodoacetate, Osteoarthritis.

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Lulung Lanova Hersipa ¹, Katrin ², Anton Bahtiar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, ID
2 Department of Phytochemistry, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, ID

Abstract

Alternative therapies for postmenopausal conditions are needed because of the high risks that outweigh the benefits of using hormone replacement therapy. Equol is metabolized from daidzein and is well-known as a supplement for postmenopausal conditions. Lately, liquiritigenin is also known to have a good effect on postmenopausal conditions. The aim of this study was to note the effect of the combination of Eleutherina bulbosa 70% Ethanol Extract (EEB) containing daidzein and Vigna unguiculata (EVU) containing liquiritigenin to obtain a better effect for uterine morphology, vaginal histopathology, and hot flushes. The other aim was to analyze the pharmacokinetic interaction that can affect the level of equol from EVU. Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study, 32 rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and 4 rats were Sham. Rats were divided into 9 groups: Sham group (CMC), negative group (CMC), positive group (raloxifene), EVU (100 mg/200g BW), EEB (18 mg/200g BW), The four various doses of combination EEB and EVU (D1-D4) were, EVU dosage was 100 mg/200 g BW and EEB were 36 mg, 18 mg, 9 mg, 4.5 mg/200 g BW respectively. Equol in rat serum was analyzed using HPLC/UV-V is in an isocratic condition. Observation of hot flushes was carried out every week, uterus weight wet and vaginal epithelium at the end of the treatment. The D3 and D4 combination decreased the average tail skin temperature 1.86±0.31°C and 1.83± 0.20°C respectively and the rectal temperature 0.58±0.49°C and 0.71±0.28°C (P<0.05). All groups except Sham did not increase the weight of the uterus. The D3 group increased vaginal epithelial thickness to 38.24 ± 6.47 μm (P<0.05). The combination did not significantly change equol pharmacokinetic parameters. The combination of Eleutherina bulbosa 70% ethanol extract (EEB) and Vigna unguiculata is better than EVU and EEB alone in reduced post-menopause syndrome in hypoestrogen rats without changing equol pharmacokinetic parameters.

Keywords

Eleutherine bulbosa, Equol, Hot Flashes, Postmenopause, Vigna unguiculata.

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