A Simulation Study of Various ETL Layers to Design the High Performance Pb-Free perovskite (FASnI3) Solar Cell

There are significant efforts being made to develop high-efficiency, lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, Formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI₃) has been used as an absorber layer to design a stable lead-free PSC. FASnI₃ absorber has a wider band gap (1.41 eV) and is more temperature stable than lead-free Sn-based perovskite (CH₃NH₃SnI₃). In this work, 1-D device simulation has been performed using SCAPS to get the optimum performance of the lead-free FASnI₃-based PSCs. We have checked varieties of electron transport layers (ETL) such as WO₃, TiO₂, ZnO, PCBM, IGZO, ZnS, and WS₂ to find the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) from the FASnI₃ lead-free PSC. A detailed simulation study of the proposed solar cell architecture using SCAPS has been done to optimize the device structure and get the maximum power conversion efficiency. The proposed solar cell structure has shown an efficiency of 16% with a JSC of 27.02 mA, Voc of 0.925V, and FF of 63.98% which is the highest among the FASnI₃ based lead-free solar cell structures to date.