Review and modelling of Melting Point Depression in Metallic Nano Particles

To improve the use of nanoparticles, it is imperative to comprehend the patterns and mechanisms driving their melting. The melting transformation thermodynamics has many formulas because of the phase equilibrium integrity and equilibrium presupposition of the different models. The analysis of the melting temperature depression for the nanoparticles has been done using a variety of melting models that have been published in the literature. These models include the following: Pawlow theory; Homogenous growth model; Heterogeneous growth model; Liquid nucleation & growth model; Liquid shell model; Homogenous melting and growth model; Bond order length strength model; Homogenous melting hypothesis; Liquid skin melting model; Reiss melting model and Rie melting model; Liquid drop model; Gibbs Thomson equation; Surface phonon instability model; and so on. In order to lower the melting point of the nanoparticles, this study reviews several melting models. The melting models align with the observed value of minute particles. Furthermore, the relationship between exact thermodynamic equations and their approximate counterparts is presented, as is the shift in melting temperature that occurs when nanoparticles melt.