https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jpap/issue/feed Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics 2024-01-11T07:18:56+00:00 editor editor@informaticsglobal.com Open Journal Systems https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jpap/article/view/223960 Enhanced Luminescence and Photocatalytic Activity of the Monovalent Sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) Co-Doped MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>3+</sup> Nanostructures 2024-01-11T06:59:18+00:00 Mohd Faizan M. Naseem Siddique mohdnas201@gmail.com Sachin Kumar In the present work, monovalent sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) co-doped MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>3+</sup> photocatalyst was prepared bya combustion method followed by annealing at 1000 °. The doping of trivalent Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions into a host MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with divalent cations leads to luminescence quenching and hence needs charge compensation to control the quenching, which was systematically studied by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) etc. The PL spectra of doped and co-doped samples exhibit sharp peaks around 580, 592, 611, 628 and 692 nm associated to the <sup>5</sup>D<sub>0</sub> → <sup>7</sup> F<sub>j</sub> (j = 1–4) transitions of the Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions, respectively. The interplay of Na<sup>+</sup> and Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions in the host MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> lattice appears to be an effective charge compensation mechanism that achieve better crystal quality and enhanced red luminescence of such co-doped particles. In addition, we studied the photocatalytic activity of all the prepared photocatalysts. Specifically, Na<sup>+</sup> co-doped MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>: Eu<sup>3+</sup> photocatalyst revealed the enhanced photocatalytic activity with photodegradation efficiency 82% under visible light irradiation. 2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jpap/article/view/223932 Structural, Magnetization and UV-Visible Study of Mn-Co-Ni Ferrite System 2024-01-11T07:18:56+00:00 Vijay Sharma Anjali Oudhia M. P. Sharma mps.phy@gmail.com Polycrystalline Mn-Co-Ni ferrite was synthesized by solid state reaction method at 950 °C. X-ray diffraction pattern indicates that specimen has a cubic spinel type structure with lattice constant varies from 8.321 Å to 8.329 Å, X-ray density was calculated 5.39 g/cm<sup>3</sup> to 5.36 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and approximate particle size was found 36 nm. Magnetic measurements was carried out using VSM at room temperature (RT) where saturation magnetization (M<sub>s</sub>) was found 55 emu/g to 42.19 emu/g, coercive field (H<sub>c</sub>) was found 165 Oe to 88 Oe and magnetic moment (μ<sub>B</sub>) was found from 2.30 μ<sub>B</sub> to 1.75 μ<sub>B</sub>. UV-visible measurement was recorded the maximum absorption was found at wavelength 213 nm to 222 nm and direct optical band gap found 3.32 eV to 3.96 eV. 2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jpap/article/view/223934 CO Gas Sensing Properties of Chemically Deposited ZnO: Al Thin Films 2024-01-11T06:59:18+00:00 Th Ratanjit Singh L. Raghumani Singh laishramraghumani204@gmail.com A. Nabachandra Singh In this research work, the structural and optical properties of undoped and Al doped ZnO thin films are being reported. The nanocrystalline ZnO thin films were deposited on glass substrate by chemical bath deposition technique using zinc acetate (AR), triethanolamine (AR), sodium hydroxide (AR) as the source materials and aluminum nitrate as source of the dopant. The structural characterization was done by XRD (X-ray diffraction). The crystallite size was found to decrease on doping of Al. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) was employed to examine the surface morphology of thin films and formation of ZnO nanorod was observed. The optical band gap of thin films was studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The band gap energy was found to vary from 3.84 eV to 4.0 eV. The electrical and CO gas sensing properties of thin films were also investigated. For application purpose, the quick response of chemically synthesized ZnO thin films to CO gas was observed and the fast recovery in absence of CO gas was also observed. 2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jpap/article/view/223930 Tropical Ionospheric Response to Very Severe Cyclonic Storm "BULBUL" Observed over SANYA (18.34&#176;N, 109.62&#176;E) 2024-01-11T06:59:18+00:00 G. J. Bhagavathiammal selvigjb@gmail.com M. Gajalakshmi We present the tropical ionospheric response to a severe cyclonic storm, "BULBUL," observed from Ionosonde observations over "SANYA" (18.34° N, 109.62° E). The cyclone "BULBUL" developed as a low pressure on 5 November 2019 and intensified into a Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS) on 8 November 2019, and a landfall occurred on 9 November 2019 over West Bengal. This study utilizes Ionospheric parameters foF2 and hmF2 during the cyclone (5-11 November 2019). The cyclone period falls under quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp &lt; 3) and makes us investigate the lower atmospheric meteorological event's impacts on the ionosphere. Significant modulation has been found in hmF2 and foF2 during cyclone-intensified stages (SCS, VSCS, Land fall) from 7-9 November 2019. Low OLR and upward vertical velocity are observed at the matured stages, suggesting deep convection, generating Gravity Wave Oscillations. Local time profile reveals the severe suppression in foF2 during the intensification and land falling day of the cyclone, and reversely hmF2 shows an increasing trend. The peak value of hmF2 shifted from post-noon to prenoon hours during the progression of the cyclone (from SCS to VSCS and landfall). In addition, we observed strong gravity wave oscillations of about ~3 and 5 hours in foF2. 2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jpap/article/view/223928 Proposed Methodology for Inter-Comparison of Steel Rebar Properties from Different Manufacturing Sources 2024-01-11T06:59:18+00:00 N. Karar nkarar@nplindia.org Vipin Jain We propose a new method for checking steel quality and repeatability in microstructure using a combination of X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman Spectral data analysis methodology<sup>1</sup>. Here, we discuss the case of steel rebars. We consider 23 different brands of steel rebars from across India. We did an inter-comparison of their elemental chemical composition using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data, observed their crystalline properties using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, peak full width at half maximum (FWHM) values. The wet etched micrographs of their cross-sections were inter-compared to show the extent of variation. Even though the XRD data of these samples are similar, the wet etched micrographs along with the Raman spectral data varied a lot from brand to brand. Effects of halides, oxygen, nitrogen impurities on its long-term corrosion and degradation of rebars is also discussed. It is suggested that better convergence of Raman spectral data for all brands of steel rebars along with their FWHM values will replicate similar microstructural images across all brands and will thus ensure better formulation of uniform quality standards across all brands and ensure higher longevity of related civil engineering structures, irrespective of the brand. 2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jpap/article/view/223931 Structural and Morphological Investigation of Copper (I) Iodide Utilized as a Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells 2024-01-11T06:59:18+00:00 Aaditya Bhardwaj Aarti Bairva Shweta Dhakla shweta.psc1@gmail.com Parvesh K. Deendyal Harpreet Singh Monu Mishra Rohtash Kumar Manish K. Kashyap Hybrid Halide Perovskite (HHP) solar cells are considered as a most promising candidate for the next generation of photovoltaics. The charge transport layer namely, the hole transport layer (HTL) plays a vital role in the device performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Besides the power conversion efficiency (PCE), the stability and cost are two significant factors for deciding the commercialization of PSC device. The HTL bears a significant portion of the PSC's cost, and the degradation of the PSCs occurs in the presence of organic HTL. The inorganic HTL, Copper (I) iodide (CuI), a p-type semiconductor, is a good choice for HTL due to its chemical stability, low cost, and low band gap. In this work, we deal with the structural and morphological investigation of CuI thin film using X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis, respectively. The utilization of such inorganic HTL will help the researchers in fabricating the low-cost PSC devices. 2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jpap/article/view/223933 Modeling the Parameters of p-i-n Solar Cells Based on CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite 2024-01-11T06:59:18+00:00 Ferdinand Gasparyan fgaspar@myyahoo.com The simulation of short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, absorption coefficient, fill factor and efficiency of solar cell with p-i-n structure based on organo-trihalide perovskite semiconductors CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> was carried out. Simulated data obtained for the short-circuit current density ~15÷31 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, the open-circuit voltage ~0.99÷1.03 V, the absorption coefficient ~10<sup>4</sup>cm<sup>-1</sup> the fill factor ~82.1%÷84.8%, and the efficiency ~14.85÷27.2% are in good agreement with the results of previous numerical and experimental data for perovskites solar cells with similar composition and size. Closer to the edge of intrinsic absorption, both the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage depend linearly on the wavelength of the incident irradiation. The calculations show the potential possibility of using perovskites in the design of tandem solar cells. The novelty of this work is the demonstration of the possibility of using thin layers of perovskite to convers solar energy. This material with direct bandgap energy provides good absorption of photons with energy&gt;1.56 eV. In combination with the crystalline silicon, perovskite can broaden the absorption spectrum of irradiation, thereby increasing the power conversion efficiency of the tandem solar cells. 2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 https://i-scholar.in/index.php/jpap/article/view/223929 The Study on Effect of Meteorological Parameter and Influence of Forest on Atmospheric Radon Concentration in the Shankaraghatta Forest Environment 2024-01-11T06:59:18+00:00 Sandeep Dongre Madhura R. Sunilkumar Sannappa J. sannappaj2012@gmail.com The spatial and temporal variations of radon concentration and meteorological parameters were measured in and around the Kuvempu University campus, situated in the Western Ghats of Shankaraghatta forest environment is measured by active technique using Scintillation cell and the meteorological parameters measured using Automatic Weather System (AWS. The activity concentration of radium in soil is determined by Gamma-ray spectrometer with NaI (Tl) detector. The measured data of the present study shows that the built-up environment and forest ecosystem have enhanced the natural radiation level. The variation of atmospheric radon concentration is depends on meteorological parameters, geographical and geophysical parameters. The diurnal variation shows the maximum concentrations were noticed in the early morning and minimum during afternoon. The seasonal variation shows maximum concentration during winter season and minimum during the summer season. These variations were mainly depending on meteorological parameters. The correlation between the radon concentration and the meteorological are discussed and presented in this paper. The present study was aimed to establish a base-line data of Annual effective dose equivalent (AED). The diurnal, seasonal variations in different environmental conditions were discussed and presented in this paper. 2024-01-01T00:00:00+00:00