Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Mediating Effects of Factors Influencing Career Satisfaction of Women Academicians in Higher Education


Affiliations
1 Director, S. K. College of Science & Commerce, Plot 31, Sector 25, Next to Seawoods Railway Station, Nerul, Navi Mumbai - 400 706, India
2 Assistant Professor, S. K. College of Science & Commerce, Plot 31, Sector 25, Next to Seawoods Railway Station, Nerul, Navi Mumbai - 400 706, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


India is expected to be the largest higher - education system in the world by 2030, overtaking China and USA. With over 900 institutions as in 2017–18 and the largest youth population, it has been predicted that one in every fourth individual graduating will belong to Indian educational institutions. A deeper analysis of the All India Survey of Higher Education (AISHE, 2017–18) revealed a decline of teachers in higher education, thus making it imperative to understand the reasons for the decline, especially among women academicians. Women academicians account for 42% of total higher education teachers’ population with less than 25% at professor level and only a handful occupy the coveted post of vice-chancellor. While various individual and organizational factors may be at play, this study used structural equation modeling to comprehend the influence of career advancement in the career satisfaction of women academicians. Data were collected from 351 women academicians working in higher education institutions in Indian cities using a structured questionnaire, which showed Career Advancement as a full mediator of Career Satisfaction which in turn was influenced by Career Management Techniques and Work – Life Balance factors. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine convergent and discriminant validities. The fitment of the model was ascertained by evaluating structural model and the hypothesized relationships. The findings highlighted the importance of Career Advancement and its influence on Career Satisfaction. This research reiterated the need for policy makers, government, and higher education institutions to focus on ensuring a clear career path with suitable opportunities to ensure the longevity and success of women academicians.

Keywords

Women Academicians, Structural Equation Modelling, Career Satisfaction, Career Advancement, Higher Education.

JEL Classification : I230, J160, J240, J280, M510.

Paper Submission Date: November 3, 2019; Paper Sent Back for Revision: March 11, 2020; Paper Acceptance Date: March 20, 2020.

User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Abele, A. E., & Wiese, B. S. (2008). The nomological network of self-management strategies and career success. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81(4), 733-749. https://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317907X256726

  • Allen, T. D., French, K. A., & Poteet, M. L. (2016). Women and career advancement: Issues and opportunities. Organizational Dynamics, 45(3), 206-216.

  • Arthur, M. B., Khapova, S. N., & Wilderom, C. P. M. (2005). Career success in a boundaryless career world. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(2), 177-202. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.290

  • August, L., & Waltman, J. (2004). Culture, climate, and contribution: Career satisfaction among female faculty. Research in Higher Education, 45(2), 177-192. https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:RIHE.0000015694.14358.ed

  • Ballout, H. I. (2009). Career commitment and career success: Moderating role of self - efficacy. Career Development International, 14(7), 655-670. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13620430911005708

  • Baral, R., & Bhargava, S. (2010). Work - family enrichment as a mediator between organizational interventions for work - life balance and job outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(3), 274-300. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683941011023749

  • Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior : A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103-118. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140202

  • Blau, G. J. (1988). Further exploring the meaning and measurement of career commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 32(3), 284-297. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(88)90020-6

  • Brough, P., Timms, C., O’Driscoll, M. P., Kalliath, T., Siu, O.-L., Sit, C., & Lo, D. (2014). Work-life balance: A longitudinal evaluation of a new measure across Australia and New Zealand workers. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(19), 2724-2744. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2014.899262

  • Catalyst. (2020, January 23). Women in academia : Quick take. Retrieved from https://www.catalyst.org/research/women-in-academia/

  • De Vos, A., & Soens, N. (2008). Protean attitude and career success: The mediating role of self-management. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 449-456. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JVB.2008.08.007

  • Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. (2018). All India survey on higher education 2017-18. Retrieved from http://aishe.nic.in/aishe/viewDocument.action?documentId=245

  • Dialoke, I., & Nkechi, P. A. J. (2017). Effects of career growth on employees performance : A study of non-academic staff of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Abia State, Nigeria. Singaporean Journal of Business Economics and Management Studies, 5(7), 8-18. https://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0037246

  • Eisenberger, R., Cummings, J., Armeli, S., & Lynch, P. (1997). Perceived organizational support, discretionary treatment, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 812-820. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.5.812

  • Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565-573. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.565

  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). London: Sage.

  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39 -50. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

  • Gaskin, J., & Lim, J. (2018). Master validity tool: AMOS plugin. Retrieved from http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com/index.php?title=Plugins

  • Gaudron, J. - P. (2011). A psychometric evaluation of the career decision self-efficacy scale-Short form among French University students. Journal of Career Assessment, 19(4), 420-430. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072711409713

  • Ghosh, A., & Tandon, S. (2018, August 4). A lot still needs to be done to address the gender gap in academia. The Wire.

  • Retrieved from https://thewire.in/education/women-in-academia-gender-pay-gap Godshalk, V. M., & Sosik, J. J. (2003). Aiming for career success : The role of learning goal orientation in mentoring relationships. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 417-437. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S00018791(02)00038-6

  • Greenhaus, J. H., Parasuraman, S., & Wormley, W. M. (1990). Effects of race on organizational experience, job performance evaluations, and career outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 64-86. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256352

  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 7). Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson Prentice Hall.

  • Hedge, J. W., & Rineer, J. R. (2017). Improving career development opportunities through rigorous career pathways research (Occasional Paper. RTI Press Publication OP-0037-1703). Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED582350

  • Hirschi, A. (2009). Career adaptability development in adolescence: Multiple predictors and effect on sense of power and life satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(2), 145-155. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JVB.2009.01.002

  • Igbaria, M., & Greenhaus, J. H. (1992). The career advancement prospects of managers and professionals : Are MIS employees unique ? Decision Sciences, 23(2), 478-499. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.15405915.1992.tb00401.x

  • Ishak, S. (2015). Career success studies: An examination of indicators, approach and underlying theories in literature. Science Journal of Business and Management, 3(6), 251-257. https://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sjbm.20150306.16

  • Kim, H., Kang, D. - S., Lee, S. - W., & McLean, G. (2016). Career commitment as a mediator between organizationrelated variables and motivation for training and turnover intentions. Journal of Career Development, 43(2), 130-144.

  • Kumar, C. (2015, June 5). Only 13 of India's 431 universities have women VCs. The Times of India. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/Only-13-of-Indias-431-universitieshavewomen-VCs/articleshow/47547616.cms?from=mdr

  • Lakshminarayanan, S., Pai, Y. P., & Ramaprasad, B. S. (2016). Managerial competencies, self-efficacy, and job performance: A path analytic approach. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 9(10), 7-22. https://dx.doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2016/v9i10/103068

  • London, M., & Noe, R. A. (1997). London’s career motivation theory: An update on measurement and research. Journal of Career Assessment, 5(1), 61-80.

  • Mittal, K., Singh, K., & Sharma, G. (2017). Work - life balance and employee health : A cross-sectional analysis of manufacturing and service sectors. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 10(7), 34-49. https://dx.doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2017/v10i7/116493

  • Nabi, G. R. (1999). An investigation into the differential profile of predictors of objective and subjective career success. Career Development International, 4(4), 212-225. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13620439910270599

  • Netemeyer, R. G., Bearden, W. O., & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling procedures : issues and applications. Sage Publications.

  • Nguyen, T. L. H. (2013). Barriers to and facilitators of female Deans’ career advancement in higher education: An exploratory study in Vietnam. Higher Education, 66(1), 123-138. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734012-9594-4

  • Nicklin, J. M., & McNall, L. A. (2013). Work-family enrichment, support, and satisfaction: A test of mediation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(1), 67-77. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2011.616652

  • Patwardhan, V., Mayya, S., & Joshi, H. (2018). Women managers moving on : What might influence their career advancement and satisfaction in the Indian hotel industry ? Prabandhan Indian Journal of Management, 11(12), 7-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2018/v11i12/139986

  • Ping Jr., R. A. (2004). On assuring valid measures for theoretical models using survey data. Journal of Business Research, 57(2), 125-141. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00297-

  • Prashar, S., Sai Vijay, T., & Parsad, C. (2017). Effects of online shopping values and website cues on purchase behaviour: A study using S-O-R framework. Vikalpa, 42(1), 1-18. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090916686681

  • Press Information Bureau, Government of India. (2018, June 13). Highlights of minimum qualifications for appointment of teachers in universities and colleges and measures for maintenance of standards in higher education. Retrieved from https://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/pressreleases_ 13062018.pdf

  • Rao, R. N., Vani, H., & Meesala A. (2014). The impact of best HR practices and employee engagement on career success: A discriminant analysis. Prabandhan : Indian Journal of Management, 7(1), 5-14. https://dx.doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2014/v7i1/59234

  • Rothwell, A., & Arnold, J. (2007). Self - perceived employability: Development and validation of a scale. Personnel Review, 36(1), 23-41. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483480710716704

  • Ryba, T. V., Zhang, C.-Q., Huang, Z., & Aunola, K. (2017). Career adapt-abilities scale-Dual career form (CAAS-DC) : Psychometric properties and initial validation in high-school student-athletes. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 5(1), 85-100. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2016.1273113

  • Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 661-673. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JVB.2012.01.011

  • Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Crant, J. M. (2001). What do proactive people do? A longitudinal model linking proactive personality and career success. Personnel Psychology, 54(4), 845-874. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2001.tb00234.x

  • Simpson, R. (1995). Is management education on the right track for women? Women in Management Review, 10(6), 3-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429510095971

  • Sommer, K. L., & Kulkarni, M. (2012). Does constructive performance feedback improve citizenship intentions and job satisfaction? The roles of perceived opportunities for advancement, respect, and mood. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 23(2), 177-201. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21132

  • Sundaresan, S. (2014). Work-life balance-Implications for working women. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2505439

  • Trivellas, P., Kakkos, N., Blanas, N., & Santouridis, I. (2015). The impact of career satisfaction on job performance in accounting firms. The mediating effect of general competencies. Procedia Economics and Finance, 33, 468-476. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01730-X

  • UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (n.d.). Tertiary education, academic staff (% female). Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/se.ter.tchr.fe.zs

  • Weng, Q. X., & Hu, B. (2009). The structure of career growth and its impact on employees’ turnover intention Industrial Engineering and Management, 14 (1), 14-21. Retrieved from http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-GYGC200901023.htm

  • Weng, Q., McElroy, J. C., Morrow, P. C., & Liu, R. (2010). The relationship between career growth and organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(3), 391-400. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JVB.2010.05.003

  • White, B. (1995). The career development of successful women. Women in Management Review, 10(3), 4-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429510085053


Abstract Views: 163

PDF Views: 0




  • Mediating Effects of Factors Influencing Career Satisfaction of Women Academicians in Higher Education

Abstract Views: 163  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Ajit J. Kurup
Director, S. K. College of Science & Commerce, Plot 31, Sector 25, Next to Seawoods Railway Station, Nerul, Navi Mumbai - 400 706, India
Shikha Pandey
Assistant Professor, S. K. College of Science & Commerce, Plot 31, Sector 25, Next to Seawoods Railway Station, Nerul, Navi Mumbai - 400 706, India
Mushira Charfare
Assistant Professor, S. K. College of Science & Commerce, Plot 31, Sector 25, Next to Seawoods Railway Station, Nerul, Navi Mumbai - 400 706, India

Abstract


India is expected to be the largest higher - education system in the world by 2030, overtaking China and USA. With over 900 institutions as in 2017–18 and the largest youth population, it has been predicted that one in every fourth individual graduating will belong to Indian educational institutions. A deeper analysis of the All India Survey of Higher Education (AISHE, 2017–18) revealed a decline of teachers in higher education, thus making it imperative to understand the reasons for the decline, especially among women academicians. Women academicians account for 42% of total higher education teachers’ population with less than 25% at professor level and only a handful occupy the coveted post of vice-chancellor. While various individual and organizational factors may be at play, this study used structural equation modeling to comprehend the influence of career advancement in the career satisfaction of women academicians. Data were collected from 351 women academicians working in higher education institutions in Indian cities using a structured questionnaire, which showed Career Advancement as a full mediator of Career Satisfaction which in turn was influenced by Career Management Techniques and Work – Life Balance factors. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine convergent and discriminant validities. The fitment of the model was ascertained by evaluating structural model and the hypothesized relationships. The findings highlighted the importance of Career Advancement and its influence on Career Satisfaction. This research reiterated the need for policy makers, government, and higher education institutions to focus on ensuring a clear career path with suitable opportunities to ensure the longevity and success of women academicians.

Keywords


Women Academicians, Structural Equation Modelling, Career Satisfaction, Career Advancement, Higher Education.

JEL Classification : I230, J160, J240, J280, M510.

Paper Submission Date: November 3, 2019; Paper Sent Back for Revision: March 11, 2020; Paper Acceptance Date: March 20, 2020.


References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom%2F2020%2Fv13i4%2F151823