Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Facebook Posts : Exploration and Comprehension of Sensationalism
Subscribe/Renew Journal
The research was done to explore and ratify sensationalism in Facebook posts as is present in the mass media. The question is whether the news through Facebook posts evokes sensationalism in the same way as it happens in case of mass media. To check the degree of sensationalism, 150 posts from three genres of crime, politics, and social interest were chosen as a stimulus in the form of news. Fifty respondents responded to 150 posts on a 7 - point Likert scale. The research tried to understand whether there is any difference in sensationalism towards sensational Facebook posts among people, or is it the same ; is there any difference in sensationalism towards Facebook posts from three different areas of crime, politics, and social interest; and whether people responded differently to foreign crime and Indian crime posts. The study also examined whether pro - BJP and anti - BJP posts evoked a different level of sensationalism. The research concluded that people exhibited a different degree of sensation towards sensational posts on Facebook ; while crime posts were found to be more sensational than social interest posts and political posts, the crime posts from the US scored higher than the Indian crime posts on being sensational.
Keywords
Sensationalism, Social Media, Facebook Posts, Sensational News, Political Posts, Crime Posts
JEL Classification : M3, M31, M37
Paper Submission Date : October 15, 2019 ; Paper sent back for Revision : July 4, 2020 ; Paper Acceptance Date : September 15, 2020
User
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
Font Size
Information
- Aaj Tak. (2018, February 26). Vaardat : Kamra No. 2201 mein kya hua? [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nN1wuS9BHMk
- Ajit, S., & Raj, V. J. P. (2012). Role of gender in consumers’ response to fear appeal advertisements. Indian Journal of Marketing, 42(9), 19 – 24.
- Arbaoui, B., De Swert, K., & Van der Brug, W. (2020). Sensationalism in news coverage : A comparative study in 14 television systems. Communication Research, 47(2), 299–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650216663364
- Arora, K. (2018, March 22). That Youtube video you liked might be Fake News. The Times of India. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/that-youtube-video-you-liked-might-be-fake-news/articleshow/63390381.cms
- Arrese, Á., & Kaufmann, J. (2016). Legacy and native news brands online : Do they show different news consumption patterns ? International Journal on Media Management, 18(2), 75–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2016.1200581
- Barthel, M. L., Moon, R., & Mari, W. (2015). Who retweets whom ? How digital and legacy journalists interact on Twitter (Tow/Knight Report 030520151). New York : Tow Center for Digital Journalism.
- Bednarek, M., & Caple, H. (2012). News discourse (Vol. 46). A&C Black.
- Bernie Sanders. (n.d.). In Facebook [Political Candidate]. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/berniesanders
- Blumler, J. G., & Kavanagh, D. (1999). The third age of political communication: Influences and features. Political Communication, 16(3), 209–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/105846099198596
- Brigitte Gabriel. (n.d.). In Facebook [Author]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/RealBrigitteGabriel
- Burgers, C., & De Graaf, A. (2013). Language intensity as a sensationalistic news feature : The influence of style on sensationalism perceptions and effects. Communications, 38(2), 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2013-0010
- Chadwick, A., Vaccari, C., & O'Loughlin, B. (2018). Do tabloids poison the well of social media ? Explaining democratically dysfunctional news sharing. New Media & Society, 20(11), 4255–4274. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818769689
- Chan, A. K. P., & Chan, V. M. S. (2012). Public perception of crime and attitudes toward police : Examining the effects of media news. Retrieved from http://dspace.cityu.edu.hk/handle/2031/6835
- Chen, Y., Conroy, N. J., & Rubin, V. L. (2015). Misleading online content: recognizing clickbait as" false news". In, WMDD'15 : Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on Workshop on Multimodal Deception Detection (pp.15–19). New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/2823465.2823467
- Coast to Coast AM. (n.d.). In Facebook [Radio Station]. Retrieved July 15, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/coasttocoastam
- Cop Block. (n.d.). In Facebook [News Personality]. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/CopBlock-176716686587580
- Curran, J., Salovaara-Moring, I., Coen, S., & Iyengar, S. (2010). Crime, foreigners and hard news : A cross-national comparison of reporting and public perception. Journalism, 11(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884909350640
- Dainik Aaj. (n.d.). In Facebook [Media/News Company]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/DainikAaj
- Dainik Jagran. (n.d.). In Facebook [Newspaper]. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/dainikjagran.kanpur
- Domingo, D., Quandt, T., Heinonen, A., Paulussen, S., Singer, J. B., & Vujnovic, M. (2008). Participatory journalism practices in the media and beyond : An international comparative study of initiatives in online newspapers. Journalism Practice, 2(3), 326 – 342. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512780802281065
- Dor, D. (2003). On newspaper headlines as relevance optimizers. Journal of Pragmatics, 35(5), 695–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00134-0
- Durant, A., & Lambrou, M. (2009). Language and the media. London : Routledge.
- Frampton, B. (2015, September 14). Clickbait: The changing face of online journalism. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-34213693
- Globisch, J., Hamm, A. O., Esteves, F., & Öhman, A. (1999). Fear appears fast : Temporal course of startle reflex potentiation in animal fearful subjects. Psychophysiology, 36(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0048577299970634
- Grabe, M. E., Zhou, S., & Barnett, B. (2001). Explicating sensationalism in television news: Content and the bells and whistles of form. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 45(4), 635–655. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4504_6
- Hanser, E., McKevitt, P., Lunney, T., & Condell, J. (2010). NewsViz : Emotional visualization of news stories. In, Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text (pp. 125 –130). Los Angeles, CA : Association for Computational Linguistics.
- Harcup, T., & O'Neill, D. (2017). What is news? News values revisited (again). Journalism Studies, 18(12), 1470 – 1488. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193
- Headman, U., & Djerf-Pierre, M. (2013). The social journalist : Embracing the social media life or creating a new digital divide ? Digital Journalism, 1(3), 368 – 385. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2013.776804
- Hong, J. - H. (2018). Network analysis and frame analysis on the sensationalism of news coverage according to the influence of news production environment: Based on the #metoo movement of celebrity. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 18(7), 103 – 119. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2018.18.07.103
- I Am With Barkha Dutt. (n.d.). In Facebook [Fan Page]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/iamwithbarkhadutt
- I Support Narendra Modi. (n.d.). In Facebook [Political Organisation]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/iSupportNamo
- Indian Express. (n.d.). In Facebook [Newspaper]. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/indianexpress/
- Indiantelevision.com. (2018, January 11). BARC Ratings : Zee News leads in Hindi News urban market. Retrieved from http://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/viewership/barc-ratings-zee-news-leads-in-hindi-news-urban-market-180111
- James, S., Kavanagh, P. S., Jonason, P. K., Chonody, J. M., & Scrutton, H. E. (2014). The Dark Triad, schadenfreude, and sensational interests : Dark personalities, dark emotions, and dark behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 68, 211–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.020
- Jones, J. P. (2012). The 'new' news as no ‘news’: US cable news channels as branded political entertainment television. Media International Australia, 144(1), 146–155. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1214400119
- Kalsnes, B., & Larsson, A. O. (2018). Understanding news sharing across social media : Detailing distribution on Facebook and Twitter. Journalism Studies, 19(11), 1669–1688. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1297686
- Kaur, B., & Sharma, R. R. (2018). Impact of viral advertising on product promotion : An experimental study. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(6), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i6/127837
- Kaur, M., & Verma, R. (2018). Demographics, social media usage, and political engagement in Punjab. Indian Journal of Marketing, 48(11), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2018/v48/i11/137984
- Kilgo, D. K., & Sinta, V. (2016). Six things you didn’t know about headline writing : Sensationalistic form in viral news content from traditional and digitally native news organizations. The Official Journal of the International Symposium of Online Journalism, 6(1), 111–130.
- Kilgo, D. K., Harlow, S., García-Perdomo, V., & Salaverría, R. (2018). A new sensation ? An international exploration of sensationalism and social media recommendations in online news publications. Journalism, 19(11), 1497–1516. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916683549
- Kilgo, D. K., Lough, K., & Riedl, M. J. (2020). Emotional appeals and news values as factors of shareworthiness in Ice Bucket Challenge coverage. Digital Journalism, 8(2), 267–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1387501
- Kleemans, M., & Hendriks Vettehen, P. G. J. (2009). Sensationalism in television news : A review. In, R. P. Konig, P. W. M. Nelissen, & F. J. M. Huysmans (eds.), Meaningful media: Communication research on the social construction of reality (pp. 226 –243). Nijmegen, The Netherlands : Tandem Felix.
- Kleemans, M., Vettehen, P. G. H., Eisinga, R., Beentjes, J. W., & Janssen, L. (2017). How sensationalist features affect television news preferences and recognition among young viewers. Poetics, 63, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2017.07.001
- Klinenberg, E. (2005). Convergence : News production in a digital age. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 597(1), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716204270346
- Kramer, E. (2013). When news becomes entertainment : Representations of corruption in Indonesia’s media and the implication of scandal. Media Asia, 40(1), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2013.11689951
- Kristensen, N. N., & From, U. (2012). Lifestyle journalism : Blurring boundaries. Journalism Practice, 6(1), 26 – 41. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2011.622898
- Lasorsa, D. L., Lewis, S. C., & Holton, A. E. (2012). Normalizing Twitter : Journalism practice in an emerging communication space. Journalism Studies, 13(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2011.571825
- Lengauer, G., Esser, F., & Berganza, R. (2012). Negativity in political news : A review of concepts, operationalizations and key findings. Journalism, 13(2), 179–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884911427800
- Maxwell, J., & Davidson, R. (2004). Unequally masked : Indexing differences in the perceptual salience of "unseen" facial expressions. Cognition & Emotion, 18(8), 1009–1026. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000003
- McLachlan, S., & Golding, P. (2000). Tabloidization in the British press : A quantitative investigation into changes within British newspapers from 1952 – 1997. In, C. Sparks & J. Tulloch (eds.), Tabloid tales : Global debates over media standards (pp. 75 – 90). London : Hampton Press.
- Modi Real Fans Club. (n.d.). In Facebook [Politician]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/Realmodifans,
- Molek-Kozakowska, K. (2013). Towards a pragma-linguistic framework for the study of sensationalism in news headlines. Discourse & Communication, 7(2), 173–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481312471668
- Murtha, J. (2015, July 13). What it’s like to get paid for clicks. Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved from https://www.cjr.org/analysis/the_mission_sounds_simple_pay.php
- Osborn, J., & Derbyshire, S. W. (2010). Pain sensation evoked by observing injury in others. Pain, 148(2), 268 –274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.11.007
- Padival, A., Michael, L. K., & Hebbar, S. (2019). Consumer perception towards social media advertisements : A study done in a semi-urban city of South India. Indian Journal of Marketing, 49(2), 38 – 51. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2019/v49/i2/141582
- Pantti, M. (2010). The value of emotion : An examination of television journalists’ notions on emotionality. European Journal of Communication, 25(2), 168–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323110363653
- Pengnate, S. F. (2016). Measuring emotional arousal in clickbait : Eye-tracking approach. In, 22nd Americas Conference on Information Systems, AMCIS 2016. San Diego, CA, USA, August 11–14, 2016. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2016/HCI/Presentations/3
- Peters, C. (2011). Emotion aside or emotional side? Crafting an ‘experience of involvement’ in the news. Journalism, 12(3), 297–316. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884910388224
- PM Modi Fan Club. (n.d.). In Facebook [New & Media Website]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/pmmodifanclub101
- Purcell, K., Rainie, L., Mitchell, A., Rosenstiel, T., & Olmstead, K. (2010). Understanding the participatory news consumer (Pew Internet and American Life Project). Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/wpcontent/uploads/sites/8/legacy/Participatory_News_Consumer.pdf
- Randev, D. J. (2014). The nature of tabloidized content in newspapers : An overview. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR - JHSS), 19(4), 41–46. https://doi.org/10/9790/0837-19484146
- Reagh, Z. M., & Knight, D. C. (2013). Negative, but not positive emotional images modulate the startle response independent of conscious awareness. Emotion, 13(4), 782–791. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032286
- Rosas, O. V., & Serrano-Puche, J. (2018). News media and the emotional public sphere — Introduction. International Journal of Communication, 12, 2031 – 2039.
- Satya, S. (2012). Leisure, social networking and mass media : The evolving confluence. Indian Journal of Marketing, 42(1), 11–16.
- Scott, D. K., & Gobetz, R. H. (1992). Hard news/soft news content of the national broadcast networks, 1972–1987. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 69(2), 406–412. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909206900214
- Shoemaker, P. J., & Reese, S. D. (2014). Mediating the message in the 21st century : A media sociology perspective. USA : Routledge.
- Slattery, K. L., & Hakanen, E. A. (1994). Trend: Sensationalism versus public affairs content of local TV news : Pennsylvania revisited. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 38(2), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838159409364257
- Smriti Irani: Is content of DD and AIR worth Rs 2,500 cr ? (2018, February 27). The Asian Age. Retrieved from https://www.asianage.com/india/all-india/270218/smriti-irani-is-content-of-dd-and-air-worth-rs-2500-cr.html
- Spillane, B., Hoe, I., Brady, M., Wade, V., & Lawless, S. (2020, April). Tabloidization versus credibility : Short term gain for long term pain. In, Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI'20) (pp. 1–15). New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376388
- Stanca, L., Gui, M., & Gallucci, M. (2013). Attracted but unsatisfied : The effects of sensational content on television consumption choices. Journal of Media Economics, 26(2), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997764.2013.785552
- The Guardian. (n.d.). In Facebook [Newspaper]. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/theguardian
- The Lallantop. (n.d.). In Facebook [Media/News Company]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/thelallantop
- The Logical Indian. (n.d.). In Facebook [New & Media Website]. Retrieved July 19, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/logical.indian
- Thomas, L. M., & Mariswamy, H. K. (2017). Impact of globalization on Indian media : A study of ‘credibility’ of Indian news channels. Educational Research International, 6(1), 14 – 24.
- U.P. Police. (n.d.). In Facebook [Government Organisation]. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/uppolice
- Umbricht, A., & Esser, F. (2016). The push to popularize politics : Understanding the audience-friendly packaging of political news in six media systems since the 1960s. Journalism Studies, 17(1), 100 –121. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.963369
- Vettehen, P. H., Beentjes, J., Nuijten, K., & Peeters, A. (2010). Arousing news characteristics in Dutch television news 1990 – 2004 : An exploration of competitive strategies. Mass Communication and Society, 14(1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205431003615893
- Vliegenthart, R., Boomgaarden, H. G., & Boumans, J. W. (2011). Changes in political news coverage: Personalization, conflict and negativity in British and Dutch newspapers. In, K. Brants & K. Voltmer (eds.), Political communication in postmodern democracy (pp. 92 – 110). London : Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230294783_6
- Volek, J. J. (2009). Quality press and (or) economic success ? Commercialization of press and key dilemmas of Czech newspaper editors. Observatorio (OBS*), 3(2), 40 – 61. https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS322009238
- Wang, T. - L. (2012). Presentation and impact of market-driven journalism on sensationalism in global TV news. International Communication Gazette, 74(8), 711–727. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048512459143
- Wang, T. L., & Cohen, A. A. (2009). Factors affecting viewers’ perceptions of sensationalism in television news : A survey study in Taiwan. Issues & Studies, 45(2), 125 –157.
- Whelan, G., Moon, J., & Grant, B. (2013). Corporations and citizenship arenas in the age of social media. Journal of Business Ethics, 118(4), 777 – 790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1960-3
- Yadav, M. (2017). Social media as a marketing tool: Opportunities and challenges. Indian Journal of Marketing, 47(3), 16 – 28. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2017/v47/i3/111420
- Zhou, S., & Shen, B. (2009). The dramatic elements in television news and their implications for sensationalism. China Media Report Overseas, 5(2), 52+.
Abstract Views: 379
PDF Views: 0