PSO based Multi-Criteria Placement and Impact Evaluation of Distributed Generators in Indian Context

This paper presents a new approach for optimal placement of Distributed Generators (DGs) utilizing a generic multi-objective performance function considering dynamic relevance (weight) factors and various levels of the DG penetration. The suggested approach can place the fixed size as well as the variable size of multiple DGs in single or multiple stage(s), considering any type of load model. The technical performance of the system, with the dynamic relevance factors is found to be better than with the fixed relevance factors approach. The effect of considering system constraints on the DG size and its location has been studied. A look up table approach is also suggested to place the DG at locations other than the most optimal one. The impact of the DG placement on the system voltage profile and line loss has also been investigated on 33-bus and 41-bus (Indian system) distribution systems. The critical cases with extreme DG output power and distribution load demand are simulated on these systems to study the technical viability of the DG planning under such circumstances.