Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Acquired Urinary Tract Infection in the Public Hospital


Affiliations
1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syrian Arab Republic
2 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syrian Arab Republic
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of UTIs in Syria, determine micro-organisms responsible for UTI, their antibiotic sensitivities and to describe the risk factors of nosocomial urinary tract infections. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective surveillance study including cases of NUTI in intensive care units and various inpatient clinics. This study was carried out between April 2015 and January 2016 The following information was recorded: patients’ age, gender, presence of urinary catheter, intensive care unit admission, duration of hospital stay, type of organisms isolated and their antimicrobial susceptibility. The diagnosis of NUTI was based on criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta. Mini Api and conventional culture methods were used to determine the causative agents. The agents were isolated on eosin methylene blue agar and blood agar. Statistical analyses of data were by Pearson test and logistic regression. Results: In this study, 40(20%) nosocomial urinary tract infections (NUTIs) were determined in 200 patients, 10 NUTI patients (25%) were male and 30 (75%) were female. The most frequently isolated micro-organism was Escherichia coli (38.09%) followed by Streptococcus spp (23.8%), Proteus mirabilis (14.28%), Klebsiella spp (9.52%) and Pseudomonas spp (9.52%). The most effective antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria were found to be imipenem and levofloxacin. Conclusions: This study indicated that to reduce the incidence of NUTI, it was important to take factors that can be managed into consideration (to avoid unnecessary urethral catheterization, to choose narrow spectrum antibiotics according to antibiotic sensitivities, to investigate regularly the causative micro-organisms and their resistance patterns and to update the treatment protocols).

Keywords

Nosocomial Infection, Urinary Tract Infection, Urinary Catheter.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Saint, S. and B.A. Lipsky, Preventing catheter-related bacteriuria: should we? Can we? How? Arch Intern Med, 1999. 159(8): p. 800-8.

  • Gastmeier, P., et al., Repeated prevalence investigations on nosocomial infections for continuous surveillance. J Hosp Infect, 2000. 45(1): p. 47-53.

  • Mulhall, A.B., R.G. Chapman, and R.A. Crow, Bacteriuria during indwelling urethral catheterization. J Hosp Infect, 1988. 11(3): p. 253-62.

  • Vincent, J.L., et al., The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. JAMA, 1995. 274(8): p. 639-44.

  • GN, G., antibiotic sensitivities of urinary pathogens. antimicrob Chemother, 1971-1982. 14: p. 17-23.

  • Fridkin, S.K., et al., Surveillance of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in United States hospitals: project ICARE phase 2. Project Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology (ICARE) hospitals. Clin Infect Dis, 1999. 29(2): p. 245-52.

  • Sahm, D.F., M.K. Marsilio, and G. Piazza, Antimicrobial resistance in key bloodstream bacterial isolates: electronic surveillance with the Surveillance Network Database--USA. Clin Infect Dis, 1999. 29(2): p. 259-63.

  • Winstanley, T.G., et al., A 10year survey of the antimicrobial susceptibility of urinary tract isolates in the UK: the Microbe Base project. J Antimicrob Chemother, 1997. 40(4): p. 591-4.

  • Trienekens, T., et al., The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogens isolated from general practice patients in southern Netherlands. J Antimicrob Chemother, 1994. 33(5): p. 1064-6.

  • Clarridge, J., J. Johnson, and M. Pezzlo, Cumitech 2B Laboratory Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections, (Weissfeld AS Ed.). Washington, DC 1998. Am Soc Microbiol: p. 596-622.

  • Garner, J.S., et al., CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control, 1988. 16(3): p. 128-40.

  • Brenner, B.M., Brenner & Rector's the kidney. 2000.

  • Collee, J.G., R. Miles, and B. Watt, Tests for identification of bacteria. Mackie and McCartney practical medical microbiology, 1996. 14: p. 131-49.

  • Bronsema, D.A., et al., Secular trends in rates and etiology of nosocomial urinary tract infections at a university hospital. J Urol, 1993. 150(2 Pt 1): p. 414-6.

  • Richards, M.J., et al., Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Pediatrics, 1999. 103(4): p. e39.

  • Laupland, K.B., et al., Incidence and risk factors for acquiring nosocomial urinary tract infection in the critically ill. J Crit Care, 2002. 17(1): p. 50-7.


Abstract Views: 207

PDF Views: 0




  • Acquired Urinary Tract Infection in the Public Hospital

Abstract Views: 207  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Haytham Yazigi
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syrian Arab Republic
Atiya khamees
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syrian Arab Republic
Houda Wakil
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syrian Arab Republic

Abstract


Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of UTIs in Syria, determine micro-organisms responsible for UTI, their antibiotic sensitivities and to describe the risk factors of nosocomial urinary tract infections. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective surveillance study including cases of NUTI in intensive care units and various inpatient clinics. This study was carried out between April 2015 and January 2016 The following information was recorded: patients’ age, gender, presence of urinary catheter, intensive care unit admission, duration of hospital stay, type of organisms isolated and their antimicrobial susceptibility. The diagnosis of NUTI was based on criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta. Mini Api and conventional culture methods were used to determine the causative agents. The agents were isolated on eosin methylene blue agar and blood agar. Statistical analyses of data were by Pearson test and logistic regression. Results: In this study, 40(20%) nosocomial urinary tract infections (NUTIs) were determined in 200 patients, 10 NUTI patients (25%) were male and 30 (75%) were female. The most frequently isolated micro-organism was Escherichia coli (38.09%) followed by Streptococcus spp (23.8%), Proteus mirabilis (14.28%), Klebsiella spp (9.52%) and Pseudomonas spp (9.52%). The most effective antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria were found to be imipenem and levofloxacin. Conclusions: This study indicated that to reduce the incidence of NUTI, it was important to take factors that can be managed into consideration (to avoid unnecessary urethral catheterization, to choose narrow spectrum antibiotics according to antibiotic sensitivities, to investigate regularly the causative micro-organisms and their resistance patterns and to update the treatment protocols).

Keywords


Nosocomial Infection, Urinary Tract Infection, Urinary Catheter.

References