Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training with Biofeedback on Stress Urinary Incontinence in Females, Kelantan, Malaysia: A Pilot Study


Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran., India
2 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, India
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran., India
4 Faculty Of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
5 Departemen of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mandala Waluya Kendari High School of Health Science, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
6 Departement of Medical Laboratory Technology, Mandala Waluya Kendari High School of Health Science, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Introduction: Lawsonia inermis L is a medicinal herb from Lythraceae family. This plant is proven to be able to treat various diseases. Lawsonia inermis L is one of the flowering plant of a single species of the genus Lawsonia. This plant contains the main active compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and essential oils. Flavonoids and phenols are the active compounds which most commonly found. Objective : This study aims to determine the quality parameters of the extract which include specific and non-specific parameters, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content in purified extracts of Lawsonia inermis L. Methodology: The extract was obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol. Purified extract was obtained by separating the chlorophyll and tannins contained in the sample using ethanol and aqudes, then continued by partitioning using ethyl acetate and adding MgSO4 as a drying agent. The ethyl acetate phase was concentrated using a Rotary Vacuum Evaporator to obtain a purified extract with a reddish black color. Furthermore, the extract was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) using eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (1: 1). Result : Specific parameters include organoleptic observations, water-soluble compounds and ethanol-soluble compounds, while non-specific parameters include drying loss, moisture content, total ash content, acid soluble content, specific gravity, microbial contamination, mold/yeast contamination, Pb metal contamination, Cd and As. The antioxidant activity assay used the DPPH method and the IC50 value was 39.07 mg / L, while the total flavonoid test used quercetin as a comparison and the total flavonoid content was 3.29%. Conclusion : The purified extract of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves comply the quality standard of the extract, has very strong antioxidant activity and contains flavonoids.

Keywords

Lawsonia inermis L, Standardization, Radical DPPH, Total Flavonoids.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Gagandeep C, Sandeep G, Priyanka P. Lawsonia inermis Linnaeus: A Phytopharmacological Review International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research. 2010; 2(2): 91-98.

  • Hasiani VV, Ahmad I, Rijai L. Isolasi jamur endofit dan produksi metabolit sekunder antioksidan dari daun pacar (Lawsonia inermis L.). Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan. 2015;1(4):146-153.

  • Chauhan H.V. In-Vivo Antidiabetic, Lipid Lowering and Antioxidant Activities of Methanolic Extaract of Lawsonia inermis Leaves. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2011; 4(5):764-767

  • Patel KM , Patel PR. Review on Lawsonia inermis Linn. : An Update. Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2017; 7(4) : 238-250. 5. Das PK, Mondal AK. Studies on traditional ‘mehendi’ used as herbal colour with special references to its antimicrobial activity and pigment profile by TLC. International Journal of Science and Nature. 2012; 3(4):799-804.

  • Chaudhary, iqbal, Nizzam Udin, Binna Shaleh, Aslan Huma, Ajmal Khan and Parveen Sahidah. Bioactive flavonoids from the leaves of Lawsonia alba (Henna). Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center For Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi Pakistan. 2011;04(11) 454-458.

  • Koirala, N., Pandey, R.P., Parajuli, P., Jung, H.J., Sohng, J.K. Methylation and Subsequent Glycosylation of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone. Journal of Biotechnology. 2014;184, 128–37.

  • Cartea, M.E., Francisco, M., Soengas, P., Velasco, P. Phenolic Compounds in Brassica Vegetables, Molecules, 2011; 16: 251-280.

  • Birben, E., Sahiner, U.M., Sackesen, C., Erzurum, S., Kalayci, O. Oxidative Stress and Antioxiant Defense, World Allergy Organization Journal. 2012; pp. 9 – 10, 14.

  • Husni E, Suharti N, and Atma A,P,T. 2018. Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Daun Pacar Kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn) serta Penentuan Kadar Fenolat Total dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis.512-516.

  • Madhvi S.K, Sharma M, Iqbal J, Younis M, Sheikh R. Phytochemical analysis, Total Flavonoid, Phenolic contents and Antioxidant activity of extracts from the Leaves of Rhododendron arboretum. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(4):1701-1706

  • Juliawati L.D, Ra’idah P.N, Abdurrahman S, Hermawati E, Alni A,Tan M.I, Ishikawa H and Syah Y.M. 5,6-Dihydro-α-pyrones from the leaves of Cryptocarya pulchinervia (Lauraceae). Journal of Natural Medicines. 2020; (74) :584–590.

  • Mohapatra P., Shirwaikara A., Aswatharam HN. Standardization of a Polyherbal Formulation. Pharmacognosy Magazine 2008; 4(13); 65-69.

  • Depkes RI. 2000. Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Dirjen Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan.Volume 1 : Jakarta.

  • Shahin K, Ajay K.M, Saluja A.K and Padhi, MM. Pharmacognostical and Physicochemical Evaluation of Anthelmintic an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation: Krumighattini Tablet. Asian J. Research Chem. 2015; 8(11): 697-700.

  • Muhammad S, Gul A. K, Akhtar A, Zakir U and Fazl S. Standardization of Eclipta alba (L). Asian J. Research Chem.2011; 4(12):1825-1828.

  • Harbone, J.B., 1987. Metode Fitokimia, Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisa Tumbuhan, Terbitan II. ITB : Bandung.

  • Pathak A.V, Kawtikwar P. S, Sakarkar D. M. Pharmacognostical and Physico-Chemical Standardization of Shatavari Churna: An Official Ayurvedic Formulation. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2015; 8(11):1495-1501.

  • Farnsworth, N.H. Biological and Phytochemical Screening Plant, Pharm Science, 1996; 245-246, doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1002/jps.2600550302

  • Gintingg , B, Mustanir, Hira H., Lidya S.D., Era L., Rohmat M., 2017, Antixidant Activity of n- Hexana Extract of Nutmeg Plants from South Aceh Province, Jurnal Natural, Vol.17, No.1, 2017 pISSN 1411-8513, eISSN 2541-4062.

  • Narmatha. K, Arul. P, Jeyamurugan S, Srinivasan R, Vignesh. Standardisation of Rhizome Extract of Acorus calamus Linn. Asian J. Research Chem. 2018; 11(2):423-426.

  • Thomas S. Patil DA. Patil AG and Chandra N. Pharmacognostic evaluation and physicochemical analysis of Averrhoacarambola L. fruit. J Herb Med Tox 2008; 2(2): 51-54.

  • Chang, C. Yang, M. Wen, H. and Chern J. 2002.Estimation of total flavonoid contentin Propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods.J .Food Drug A.

  • Qureshi M.S, Reddy A.V, Kumar G.S and Nousheen L. Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical Standardization and PhytochemicalAnalysis of leaves of Hydrolea zeylanica Vahl. (Hydrophyllaceae). Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.2017; 9(1): 1-7

  • Zou, Y., Lu, Y., Wei, D. 2004. Antioxidant activity o flavonoid-rich extract of hypericum perforatum L in vitro. Journal of Agriculture and food Chemistry 52: 5032-50.


Abstract Views: 283

PDF Views: 0




  • Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training with Biofeedback on Stress Urinary Incontinence in Females, Kelantan, Malaysia: A Pilot Study

Abstract Views: 283  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Mus Ifaya
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran., India
Ahmad Muhtadi
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, India
Ida Musfiroh
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran., India
I Sahidin
Faculty Of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Amar Ma’ruf
Departemen of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mandala Waluya Kendari High School of Health Science, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Syawal Abdurrahman
Departement of Medical Laboratory Technology, Mandala Waluya Kendari High School of Health Science, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract


Introduction: Lawsonia inermis L is a medicinal herb from Lythraceae family. This plant is proven to be able to treat various diseases. Lawsonia inermis L is one of the flowering plant of a single species of the genus Lawsonia. This plant contains the main active compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and essential oils. Flavonoids and phenols are the active compounds which most commonly found. Objective : This study aims to determine the quality parameters of the extract which include specific and non-specific parameters, antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content in purified extracts of Lawsonia inermis L. Methodology: The extract was obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol. Purified extract was obtained by separating the chlorophyll and tannins contained in the sample using ethanol and aqudes, then continued by partitioning using ethyl acetate and adding MgSO4 as a drying agent. The ethyl acetate phase was concentrated using a Rotary Vacuum Evaporator to obtain a purified extract with a reddish black color. Furthermore, the extract was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) using eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate (1: 1). Result : Specific parameters include organoleptic observations, water-soluble compounds and ethanol-soluble compounds, while non-specific parameters include drying loss, moisture content, total ash content, acid soluble content, specific gravity, microbial contamination, mold/yeast contamination, Pb metal contamination, Cd and As. The antioxidant activity assay used the DPPH method and the IC50 value was 39.07 mg / L, while the total flavonoid test used quercetin as a comparison and the total flavonoid content was 3.29%. Conclusion : The purified extract of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves comply the quality standard of the extract, has very strong antioxidant activity and contains flavonoids.

Keywords


Lawsonia inermis L, Standardization, Radical DPPH, Total Flavonoids.

References