Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Formulation and Characterization of Moringa oleifera Leaf Granules. I: Micromeritic Properties
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Micromeritic properties of pharmaceutical powders are among the primary parameters given serious consideration prior to their formulation into various solid drug delivery systems. To study these, granules of M. oleifera leaf powder were formulated via wet granulation using gelatin (G), polyvinylpyrrolidone (P), and corn starch BP (CS) as binders at various concentrations (1.0-5.0%w/w for G and P; 5.0-10.0% w/w for CS), and CS at 10.0% w/w and 12.5% w/w as disintegrant. The resulting granules and the ungranulated leaf powder were characterized by studying their particle sizes, particle densities, particle size distributions, flow rates, angles of repose, Hausner's ratios, Carr's indices, porosities and bulkiness using standard protocols. Results revealed that, the mean particle diameter for the nongranulated leave powder (MOP) was 192 μm, while those of the granules ranged between 194 μm and 275μm. The particle densities were of values between 1.12g/ml and 1.36g/ml with significant difference between them (p<0.05); while the flow indices were lowest for MOP. Among the granulated products, granules formulated with gelatin 1%w/w as binder and cornstarch BP 10%w/w as disintegrant displayed the least porosity and bulkiness which translates to the best packability and most economical for production and transportation of the finished product. Based on this study, these excipients are suggested to be given choice consideration in the formulation of M. oleifera granules with acceptable micromeritic properties.
Keywords
M. Oleifera, Herbal Powder, Granule Characterization, Micromeritics
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Shanker K, Gupta MM, Srivastava SK, Bawankule DU, Pal A, Khanuja SPS. Determination of bioactive nitrile glycoside(s) in drumstick (Moringa oleifera) by reverse phase HPLC. Food Chemistry. 105; 2007: 376–382.
- Mishra G, Singh P, Verma R, Kumar S, Srivastav S, Jha KK, Khosa RL. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera plant: An overview. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 3(2); 2011: 141-164.
- Caceres A, Saravia A, Rizzo S, Zabala L, Leon ED, Nave F. Pharmacologic properties of Moringa oleifera: screening for antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and diuretic activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 36; 1992: 233–237.
- Faizi S, Siddiqui BS, Saleem R, Siddiqui S, Aftab K, Gilani AH. Fully acetylated carbonate and hypotensive thiocarbamate glycosides from Moringa oleifera. Phytochemistry. 38; 1995: 957–963.
- Guevara AP, Vargas C, Sakurai H, Fujiwara Y, Hashimoto K, Maoka T. An antitumor promoter from Moringa oleifera Lam. Mutation Research. 440; 1999: 181–188.
- Marugandan S, Srinivasan K, Tandon SK, Hasan HA. Antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of some medicinal plants and analgesic activity of some medicinal plants. Journal of Medical Aromatic Plants Science. 22; 2001: 56–58.
- Dangi SY, Jolly CI, Narayanan S. Anti-hypertensive activity of the total alkaloids from the leaves of Moringa oleifera. Journal of Pharmaceutical Biology. 40; 2002: 144–148.
- Kar A, Choudhary BK, Bandyopadhyay NG. Comparative evaluation ofhypoglycaemic activity of some Indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 84; 2003: 105–108.
- Mehta K, Balaraman R, Amin AH, Bafna PA, Gulati OD. Effect of fruits of Moringa oleifera on the lipid profile of normal and hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 86; 2003: 191–195.
- Sahoo AK. Plants used as ophthalmic drugs in Phulbani Orisa. Glimp Ind Pharmacology. 1995.
- Ezeamuzie IC, Ambakedermo AW, Shode FO. Antiinflammatory effect of Moringa oleifera ischolar_main extract. International Journal of Pharmacognosy. 34(3); 1996: 207 - 212.
- Rathi BS, Bodhankar SL Baheti AM. Evaluation of aqueous leaves extract of Moringa oleifera Linn for wound healing in albino rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology.44; 2006: 898 - 902.
- http://geniusherbs.trustpass.alibaba.com/productshowimg/124121 632-103175773/Moringa_oleifera_Granules_for_Sales.html. Accessed on June 6th 2012.
- www.alibaba.com/showroom/moringa-powder.html. Accessed on June 6th 2012.
- Rajesh A, Yadav N. Pharmaceutical Processing – A Review on Wet Granulation Technology. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Frontier Research.1 (1); 2011: 65-83.
- Boerefijn R, Hounslow MJ. Studies of fluid bed granulation in an industrial R&D context. Chemical Engineering Science. 60; 2005: 3879-3890.
- Tousey MD. The Granulation Process 101 Basic Technologies for Tablet Making. Pharmaceutical Technology (Tableting and Granulation). 26; 2002: 8 – 13.
- Sinko PJ. Martin’s physical pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences; 6th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: Philadelphia, 2011.
- British Pharmacopoeia Vol IV Her Majesty Stationery Office: London, 2009.
- Odeku OA, Itiola OA. Characterization of khaya gum as a binder in a paracetamol tablet formulation. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 28(3); 2002: 329 – 337.
- Rudnic EM, Schwartz JB. Oral solid dosage forms. In R. Hendrickson (Ed.), Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st ed., Lippincott William and Wilkins: Philadelphia, 2006: 889 – 928.
- Armstrong NA. Tablet Manufacture. In James Swarbrick and James C. Boylan (Eds), Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, 2nd ed., Vol 3; Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York, 2002: 2713 – 2732.
- Brittain HG. What is the “correct” method to use for particle size determination? Pharmaceutical Technology. July; 2001: 96-98.
- Brittain HG. Particle size distribution, part I: Representation of particle shape, size, and distribution. Pharmaceutical Technology. December; 2001: 38-45.
- Brittain HG. Particle size distribution II: The problem of sampling powdered solids. Pharmaceutical Technology. July; 2002: 67-73.
- Brittain HG. Particle size distribution III: Determination by analytical sieving. Pharmaceutical Technology. December; 2002: 56-64.
- Ansel HC, Allen LV, Poporich NG. Powders and granules. In Ansel’s Pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems, 8th ed. Lippincott Willians and Wilkins: New Delhi, 2007.
- Ohwoavworhua FO, Adelakun TA, Kunle OO. A comparative evaluation of the Flow and Compaction characteristics of a- cellulose obtained from Waste Paper. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 6(1); 2007: 645 – 651.
- Soppelaa I, Airaksinenb S, Murtomaac M, Tenhoc M, Hataraa J, Raikkonena H, Yliruusia J, Sandlerb N. Investigation of the powder flow behaviour of binary mixtures of microcrystalline celluloses and paracetamol. Journal of Excipients and Food Chemistry. 1(1); 2010: 55 – 67.
- Xinde XU, Shanjing YAO, Ning HAN, Bin SHAO.Measurement and Influence Factors of the Flowability of Microcapsules with High-content -Carotene. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 15(4); 2007: 579 - 585.
- Vinita K, Shrikant G, Mahesh P. Manipulation of physical functionality of bulk drug powder: agglomerate size approach. International Journal of Drug Development and Research. 3(2); 2011: 344 – 351.
- Santomaso A, Lazzaro P. Transition to movement in granular chute flows. Chemical Engineering Science. 56; 2003:3563 – 3573.
- Li Q, Rudolph V, Weigl B, Earl A. Interparticle van der Waals force in powder flowability and compactibility. International Journal Pharmaceutics. 280; 2004:77 – 93.
- Hancock BC, Joshua TC, Mullarney MP, Andrey VZ. The Relative Densities of Pharmaceutical Powders, Blends, Dry Granulations, and Immediate-Release Tablets. Pharmaceutical Technology. April; 2003:64 -80.
- www.calpoly.edu/~DPTC .Dairy ingredients fax Vol. 3 No. 1. Accessed on July 17th 2012.
Abstract Views: 745
PDF Views: 0