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M. Merkhan, Marwan
- Effect of Esomeprazole on Serum Creatinine and Urea in Patients with Peptic Ulcer
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1 College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul,, IQ
1 College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul,, IQ
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 160-164Abstract
Peptic ulcers are best treated by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), however, other simple gastrointestinal (GIT) disorders should be better treated by other acid neutralizing or anti-secretory agents. Unfortunately, most GIT diseases were reported to be treated by PPIs even though non-indicated cases. The reasons might include ease availability with/without prescription, reduce patient awareness, and overprescription of PPIs by the health care professionals. This study aims to highlight the effect of these drugs on the renal function test. Patients were recruited and enrolled in the study from outpatients private clinics and plasma samples were withdrawn from control healthy, esomeprazole and omeprazole users individuals. Plasma samples were frozen for further analysis, creatinine and urea test were conducted on overall samples and the results were displayed confirming significant dysfunctioning of the renal system from PPIs use. The study concluded that creatinine and urea are higher in a patient on esomeprazole than omeprazole and the control group. The study recommends general awareness of the society about regular use of these medications unless otherwise carefully required.Keywords
Esomeprazole, PPIs, Renal, Urea, Creatinine.
References
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- Nitin M. Reddy MU. Hasan SS. Pharmacodynamic Influence of Vitamin C and Esomeprazole on Gastro Protection in Pylorus Ligation and Aspirin Induced Ulcers in Rats. Research journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2012; 4(3):4. doi.10.5958 2321-5836.
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- Short-term Treatment with Atorvastatin Selectively Decreases Lymphocyte Count
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Authors
Affiliations
1 College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
2 College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
1 College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
2 College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 689-694Abstract
Statins are a chemically related group used as lipid-lowering agents, studies confirmed that statins have additional pleiotropic, cholesterol independent, effects mediated by inhibition of isoprenoid synthesis with subsequent inhibition of the downstream signaling molecules like Rho, Rac, and Ras. However, different statin members might have a distinctive effect on the immune system; thereby having different peripheral and cardiovascular actions, such extra-hepatic effects impose the preferences of one statin over another. The present study aimed to identify the role of the short-term utilization of atorvastatin on leukocyte concentration as a representative in vivo marker for immunomodulation. Two widely used statin agents were included in the study- the lipophilic (atorvastatin) versus the hydrophilic (rosuvastatin) for comparison. Blood samples were withdrawn from the two statin groups, before and after therapy, and an automated differential white blood cell count was performed to determine the difference between the studied samples. The results showed that short-term use of atorvastatin, but not rosuvastatin, was associated with a selective reduction of lymphocyte count (p<0.0001). The study concluded that lymphocyte levels were reduced significantly after short-term use of atorvastatin; an effect which might need to be considered in certain immunological disease associated with cardiac ones.
Keywords
Lymphocyte, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Pleiotropic, Anti-inflammatory.References
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- Qu H. Meng YY. Chai H. Liang F. Zhang JY. Gao ZY. Shi DZ. The effect of statin treatment on circulating coenzyme Q10 concentrations: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European Journal of Medical Research. 2018; 23(1): 1-0. doi.org.10.1186/s40001-018-0353-6
- Sokalska A. Hawkins AB. Yamaguchi T. Duleba AJ. Lipophilic statins inhibit growth and reduce invasiveness of human endometrial stromal cells. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 2019; 36(3): 535-41. doi.org.10.1007/s10815-018-1352-9
- Koushki K. Shahbaz SK. Mashayekhi K. Sadeghi M. Zayeri ZD. Taba MY. Banach M. Al-Rasadi K. Johnston TP. Sahebkar A. Anti-inflammatory action of statins in cardiovascular disease: the role of inflammasome and toll-like receptor pathways. Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology. 2021; 60(2):175-99. doi.org.10.1007/s12016-020-08791-9
- Sorathia N. Al-Rubaye H. Zal B. The effect of statins on the functionality of CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells in acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in Asian populations. European Cardiology Review. 2019; 14(2):123. doi.org.10.15420/ecr.2019.9.2
- Qin L. Xie X. Fang P. Lin J. Prophylactic simvastatin treatment modulates the immune response and increases survival of mice following induction of lethal sepsis. Journal of International Medical Research. 2019; 47(8):3850-9. doi.org.10.1177/0300060519858508.
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- Adam O. Laufs U. Rac1-mediated effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) in cardiovascular disease. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. 2014; 20(8):1238-50. doi.org.10.1089/ars.2013.5526
- Dos Anjos PM. Volpe CM. Miranda TC. Nogueira-Machado JA. Atorvastatin Inhibited ROS Generation and Increased IL-1β And IL-6 Release by Mononuclear Cells from Diabetic Patients. Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Immune, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders). 2019; 19(8):1207-15. doi.org.10.2174/1871530319666190617160349
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- Sirtori CR. The pharmacology of statins. Pharmacological Research. 2014; 88:3-11. doi.org.10.1016/j.phrs.2014.03.002
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- Fluvoxamine Suppressed Oxidative Stress Associated with Tissue Erosion
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Ninawa Health Directorate, Mosul,, IQ
2 College of Medicine, University of Mosul,, IQ
3 College of Veterinary Medicine University of Mosul,, IQ
4 College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
1 Ninawa Health Directorate, Mosul,, IQ
2 College of Medicine, University of Mosul,, IQ
3 College of Veterinary Medicine University of Mosul,, IQ
4 College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 2 (2022), Pagination: 819-824Abstract
Centrally-acting drugs have been increasingly used for gastrointestinal diseases, such as opioids used for diarrhea and phenothiazine as antiemetic agents. Recent reports focused on the identification of the efficacy of these drugs in peptic ulcer protection; by tackling the oxidative stress associated with the inflammatory reaction of ulceration. The present study aimed to identify the differences between fluoxetine versus fluvoxamine in terms of antioxidant activity. To do so, an animal model of stress-induced ulcer was utilized by exposing rats to high doses of indomethacin and these rats were sub-classified into four groups (control, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and misoprostol) for comparison. Blood samples were collected from the studied groups and analyzed by measuring plasma levels of total antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results confirmed that fluvoxamine possesses an antioxidant activity that is comparable to misoprostol and significantly higher than that of fluoxetine effects; the latter showed a non-significant effect in ordinary doses. In conclusion, these findings might provide a clue for future directions for the discovery of new antiulcer agents through structural modification of the newly introduced antidepressant agents in clinical use.Keywords
Fluvoxamine, Fluoxetine, Indomethacin, Antioxidant, Malondialdehyde.References
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- Dursun H. Bilici M. Albayrak F. Ozturk C. Saglam MB. Alp HH et al. Antiulcer Activity of Fluvoxamine in Rats and Its Effect on Oxidant and Antioxidant Parameters in Stomach Tissue. BMC gastroenterology. 2009; 9(1):1-0. doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-9- 36
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- A Taxonomic Study Comparing the Two Types of Medicinal Leeches Available in Iraq
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Authors
Affiliations
1 College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
2 College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
3 College of Pharmacy, Ninevah University, Mosul,, IQ
1 College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
2 College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
3 College of Pharmacy, Ninevah University, Mosul,, IQ
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 1119-1122Abstract
Medical leeches are ectoparasites invertebrates which are widely used in medical and surgical treatments because it was found since the ancient time that many diseases can be cured by medicinal leeches, then it was discovered that leech saliva contains anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, and even anticancer enzymes, also they found that medicinal leeches have a great role in treating diabetic ulcers. Tow samples of leeches were collected from two regions in Iraq from September to the end of December 2020. These samples were examined a live by dissecting microscope and then they were examined after fixing them in formaldehyde 5%. The samples of leeches that were used to analyze their genetic DNA were fixed and preserved in absolute ethanol. The classification process was done through a molecular diagnosis of samples of medical leeches by using polymerase chain reaction PCR and technique tracking nitrogenous bases in the nucleic acid chain, and the molecular diagnosis depending on Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), and then the result of PCR of medical leech samples was sent with the primers of the resulting bands and the gene sequences were read depending on the Genetic Analyser Device 3130 supplied by Japanese Hitachi company. Then the gene sequences were matched with gene sequences documented in the National Center Biotechnology Information NCBI. The results were analyzed depending on the BLAST program through which two types of medical leeches were detected Hirudo medicinalis and Hirudo verbena.Keywords
Leeches, Hirudo medicinalis, Hirudo verbena, PCR.References
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- Effect of Zinc as an Add-on to Metformin Therapy on Glycemic Control, Serum Insulin, and C-peptide Levels and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Alssalam Teaching Hospital, Ninevah Health Directorate, Mosul,, IQ
2 College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
3 College of Medicine, Ninevah University, Mosul,, IQ
4 College of Pharmacy, Ninevah University, Mosul,, IQ
1 Alssalam Teaching Hospital, Ninevah Health Directorate, Mosul,, IQ
2 College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul,, IQ
3 College of Medicine, Ninevah University, Mosul,, IQ
4 College of Pharmacy, Ninevah University, Mosul,, IQ
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 3 (2022), Pagination: 1184-1188Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an insidious disorder that may progress asymptomatically, leading to secondary complications. Diabetics were found to have a significantly lower zinc level. This study aims to assess the effects of zinc supplementation for eight weeks on glycemic control, serum insulin level, serum C-peptide level, and insulin resistance. Zinc plus metformin using group had a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level and glycated hemoglobin, as well as a significant increase in serum insulin and C-peptide levels, but no effect on insulin resistance compared to zinc-free metformin group. Comparing the two groups at the end of the study, the combined effect of zinc plus metformin was highly important versus metformin only except for C-peptide and insulin resistance. Zinc levels were significantly elevated and returned to normal in the interventional group, while in the control group, levels were rather decreased.Keywords
Glycemic, Insulin, Metformin, Zinc, Diabetes.References
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