Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Psychological Contract Breach and Voluntary Behavioral Outcomes:A Moderated-Mediation Model


Affiliations
1 Passion Vista Magazine, Kutuzovsky Avenue, 3, Entrance No. 1, Flat No. 12, Floor 3, Moscow 121248, Russian Federation
2 Indian Institute of Management Indore, Prabandh Shikhar, Ran-Pithampur Road, Indore-453556, Madhya Pradesh, India
3 Goa Institute of Management, Sanquelim, Porieum, Goa-403505, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Voluntary employee behaviors can lead to sustainable competitive advantage when manifested as citizenship behaviors and they can also bleed the organization if manifested as deviant behaviors. The Indian IT industry has been in a stage of consolidation and is isomorphic in nature, thus making this topic a fertile ground for research. The purpose of this research is to study the connection among breach of Psychological Contract (PCB) and voluntary behavioral outcomes of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Workplace Deviant Behavior (WDB). The paper reports that PCB is negatively related to OCB and relates positively to WDB. OCB mediated the relationship between WDB and PCB. Transactional contract moderates all three relationships between PCB-WDB, PCB-OCB and OCB-WDB whereas relational contract only moderates the relationship between PCB and OCB. The study provides insights into the moderating effect of PC in the case of breach and its voluntary behavioral outcomes.

Keywords

Deviant Workplace Behavior, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Psychological Contract, Relational Contract, Transactional Contract.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Agrawal, N. M., Khatri, N., & Srinivasan, R. (2012). Managing growth: Human resource management challenges facing the Indian software industry. Journal of World Business, 47(2), 159-166.
  • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
  • Aquino, K., Lewis, M. U., & Bradfield, M. (1999). Justice constructs, negative affectivity, and employee deviance: a proposed model and empirical test. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20(7), 1073-1091.
  • Arshad, R., & Sparrow, P. (2010). Downsizing and survivor reactions in Malaysia: modelling antecedents and outcomes of psychological contract violation. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(11), 1793-1815.
  • Avolio, B. J., Yammarino, F. J., & Bass, B. M. (1991). Identifying common methods variance with data collected from a single source: An unresolved sticky issue. Journal of Management, 17(3), 571-587.
  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Bennett, N., & Lemoine, G. J. (2014). What a difference a word makes: Understanding threats to performance in a VUCA world. Business Horizons, 57(3), 311-317.
  • Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349-360.
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Transaction Publishers.
  • Bordia, P., Restubog, S. L. D., & Tang, R. L. (2008). When employees strike back: investigating mediating mechanisms between psychological contract breach and workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(5), 1104-1117.
  • Brough, P., Drummond, S., & Biggs, A. (2018). Job support, coping, and control: Assessment of simultaneous impacts within the occupational stress process. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(2), 188-197.
  • Buch, R., Kuvaas, B., Shore, L., & Dysvik, A. (2014). Once bitten, twice shy? Past breach and present exchange relationships. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(8), 938-952.
  • Budhwar, P. S., Varma, A., Malhotra, N., & Mukherjee, A. (2009). Insights into the Indian call centre industry: can internal marketing help tackle high employee turnover? Journal of Services Marketing, 23(5), 351-362.
  • Cassar, V. (2001). Violating psychological contract terms amongst Maltese public service employees: occurrence and relationships. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(3), 194-208.
  • Chatterjee, S. R. (2007). Human resource management in India: ‘Where from’ and ‘where to?’ Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 15(2), 92-103.
  • Chrobot Mason, D. L. (2003). Keeping the promise: Psychological contract violations for minority employees. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(1), 22-45.
  • Colbert, A. E., Mount, M. K., Harter, J. K., Witt, L. A., & Barrick, M. R. (2004). Interactive effects of personality and perceptions of the work situation on workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 599-609.
  • Coyle-Shapiro, J., & Conway, N. (2004). The employment relationship through the lens of social exchange. In J. A. M.Coyle-Shapiro, L. M.Shore, M. S.Taylor, & L. E.Tetrick (Eds.), The employment relationship: Examining psychological and contextual perspectives (pp. 5-28). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Cuyper, N., & Witte, H. (2006). The impact of job insecurity and contract type on attitudes, wellbeing and behavioural reports: a psychological contract perspective. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79(3), 395-409.
  • Dalal, R. S. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1241-1255.
  • Dasi, G. (2003, September). Cyber coolies or cyber sahibs? Times of India. Retrieved from https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/all-that-matters/Cyber-coolies-or-cyber-sahibs/articleshow/169677.cms
  • Deery, S. J., Iverson, R. D., & Walsh, J. T. (2006). Toward a better understanding of psychological contract breach: A study of customer service employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(1), 166-175.
  • Dineen, B. R., Lewicki, R. J., & Tomlinson, E. C. (2006). Supervisory guidance and behavioral integrity: Relationships with employee citizenship and deviant behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 622-635.
  • Dunlop, P. D., & Lee, K. (2004). Workplace deviance, organizational citizenship behavior, and business unit performance: The bad apples do spoil the whole barrel. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(1), 67-80.
  • Edwards, J. R. (2009). Seven deadly myths of testing moderation in organizational research. In C. E. Lance & R. J. Vanderberg (Eds.), Statistical and Methodological Myths and Urban Legends (pp. 142-164). New York: Routledge.
  • Fuller, C. M., Simmering, M. J., Atinc, G., Atinc, Y., & Babin, B. J. (2016). Common methods variance detection in business research. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 3192-3198.
  • Glambek, M., Skogstad, A., & Einarsen, S. (2018). Workplace bullying, the development of job insecurity and the role of laissez-faire leadership: A two-wave moderated mediation study. Work & Stress, 32(3), 297-312.
  • Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161-178.
  • Hall, D. T., & Moss, J. E. (1998). The new protean career contract: Helping organizations and employees adapt. Organizational Dynamics, 26(3), 22-37.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2012). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
  • Hayes, A. F., Montoya, A. K., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). The analysis of mechanisms and their contingencies: PROCESS versus structural equation modeling. Australasian Marketing Journal, 25(1), 76-81.
  • Hayes, A. F., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation analysis in clinical research: Observations, recommendations, and implementation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 98, 39-57.
  • Hayes, A. F., & Scharkow, M. (2013). The relative trustworthiness of inferential tests of the indirect effect in statistical mediation analysis: Does method really matter? Psychological Science, 24(10), 1918-1927.
  • Hoever, I. J., Zhou, J., & van Knippenberg, D. (2018). Different strokes for different teams: The contingent effects of positive and negative feedback on the creativity of informationally homogeneous and diverse teams. Academy of Management Journal, 61(6), 2159-2181.
  • Hui, C., Lee, C., & Rousseau, D. M. (2004). Psychological contract and organizational citizenship behavior in China: investigating generalizability and instrumentality. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(2), 311-321.
  • IT & ITeS Industry in India. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.ibef.org/industry/information-technology-india.aspx
  • Jha, J. K., & Pandey, J. (2015). Linking ethical positions and organizational commitment: The mediating role of job satisfaction. South Asian Journal of Management, 22(4), 63-84.
  • Jha, J. K., & Pandey, J. (2016). Spreading the Light of Knowledge: Nexus of Job Satisfaction, Psychological Safety and Trust. International Journal of Knowledge Management, 12(3), 30-47.
  • Jha, J. K., Pandey, J., & Varkkey, B. (2018). Examining the role of perceived investment in employees’ development on work-engagement of liquid knowledge workers. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-08-2017-0026
  • Johnson, J. L., & O’LearyKelly, A. M. (2003). The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(5), 627-647.
  • Karazsia, B. T., Berlin, K. S., Armstrong, B., Janicke, D. M., & Darling, K. E. (2013). Integrating mediation and moderation to advance theory development and testing. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 39(2), 163-173.
  • Kim, S. H., Laffranchini, G., Wagstaff, M. F., & Jeung, W. (2017). Psychological contract congruence, distributive justice, and commitment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 32(1), 45-60.
  • Konovsky, M. A., & Pugh, S. D. (1994). Citizenship behavior and social exchange. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 656-669.
  • Lacity, M. C., Iyer, V. V, & Rudramuniyaiah, P. S. (2008). Turnover intentions of Indian IS professionals. Information Systems Frontiers, 10(2), 225-241.
  • Lee, K., & Allen, N. J. (2002). Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: The role of affect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 131-142.
  • Leung, A. S. M., Cheung, Y. H., & Liu, X. (2011). The relations between life domain satisfaction and subjective wellbeing. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 26(2), 155-169.
  • Matthijs Bal, P., Chiaburu, D. S., & Jansen, P. G. (2010). Psychological contract breach and work performance: is social exchange a buffer or an intensifier?. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(3), 252-273.
  • McDonald, D. J., & Makin, P. J. (2000). The psychological contract, organisational commitment and job satisfaction of temporary staff. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 21(2), 84-91.
  • Miller, B. K., & Konopaske, R. (2014). Dispositional correlates of perceived work entitlement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(7), 808-828.
  • Millward, L. J., & Brewerton, P. M. (2000). Psychological contracts: Employee relations for the twenty-first century? International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 15, 1-62.
  • Millward, L. J., & Hopkins, L. J. (1998). Psychological contracts, organizational and job commitment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(16), 1530-1556.
  • Moideenkutty, U., Blau, G., Kumar, R., & Nalakath, A. (2006). Comparing correlates of organizational citizenship versus in-role behavior of sales representatives in India. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 16(1), 15-28.
  • Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6), 845-855.
  • Morrison, E. W., & Robinson, S. L. (1997). When employees feel betrayed: A model of how psychological contract violation develops. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 226-256.
  • Niehoff, B. P., & Moorman, R. H. (1993). Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 36(3), 527-556.
  • Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
  • Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(5), 242-249.
  • Organ, D. w. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: the good soldier syndrome. Lexington: Lexington Books.
  • Pandey, J. (2016). Structural & psychological empowerment in rural India. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(4), 579-594.
  • Pandey, J. (2017). Unions in the IT/ ITES sector. Human Capital, 40-41.
  • Pandey, J. (2018). Managing emotional labor for service employees: an HRMbased approach. Human Resource Management International Digest, 26(4), 1-4.
  • Pandey, J. (2019). Factors affecting job performance: An integrative review of literature. Management Research Review, 42(2), 263-289.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879-903.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature and Suggestions for Future Research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(4), 531-544.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
  • Pramanik, A., & Nadhe, S. S. (2017). Jobs at risk? Half of Indian IT staff to be irrelevant in 3 years: McKinsey. Business Standard. Retrieved from http:// www.business-standard.com/article/companies/jobs-at-risk-half-of-indian-it-staff-to-be-irrelevant-in-3-years-mckinsey-117021700826_1.html
  • Ramesh, B. P. (2004). “Cyber Coolies” in BPO: Insecurities and vulnerabilities of non-standard work. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(5), 492-497.
  • Reisel, W. D., Probst, T. M., Chia, S.-L., Maloles, C. M., & König, C. J. (2010). The effects of job insecurity on job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, deviant behavior, and negative emotions of employees. International Studies of Management & Organization, 40(1), 74-91.
  • Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Tang, R. L. (2007). Behavioral outcomes of psychological contract breach in a non-western culture: The moderating role of equity sensitivity. British Journal of Management, 18(4), 376-386.
  • Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Tang, R. L. (2007). Behavioural outcomes of psychological contract breach in a non-western culture: the moderating role of equity sensitivity. British Journal of Management, 18(4), 376-386.
  • Robinson, S. L. (1996). Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(4), 574-599.
  • Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: a multidimensional scaling study. The Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 555-572.
  • Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1997). Workplace deviance: Its definition, its manifestations, and its causes. In R. J.Lewicki & R. J.Bies (Eds.), Research on negotiation in organizations (pp. 3–27). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
  • Robinson, S. L., Kraatz, M. S., & Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Changing obligations and the psychological contract: a longitudinal study. Academy of Management Journal, 37(1), 137-152.
  • Robinson, S. L., & Leary-Kelly, A. (1998). Monkey See , Monkey Do/: The Influence of Work Groups on the Antisocial Behavior of Employees. Academy of Management Journal, 41(6), 658-672.
  • Robinson, S. L., & Morrison, E. W. (1995). Psychological contracts and OCB: The effect of unfulfilled obligations on civic virtue behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(3), 289-298.
  • Robinson, S. L., & Rousseau, D. M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15(3), 245-259.
  • Robinson, S. L., & Wolfe Morrison, E. (2000). The development of psychological contract breach and violation: A longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(5), 525-546.
  • Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P. R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: A policycapturing approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 66-80.
  • Rousseau, D. (1995). Psychological contracts in organizations: Understanding written and unwritten agreements. London: Sage Publications.
  • Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2(2), 121-139.
  • Rousseau, D. M. (1990). New hire perceptions of their own and their employer ’ s obligations/: A study of psychological contracts. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(5), 389-400.
  • Rousseau, D. M. (2004). Psychological Contracts in the Workplace: Understanding the Ties That Motivate. Academy of Management Executive, 18(1), 120-127.
  • Rousseau, D. M., & Tijoriwala, S. A. (1999). What’s a good reason to change? Motivated reasoning and social accounts in promoting organizational change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(4), 514-528.
  • Sinha, A., Pandey, J., & Varkkey, B. (2017). Professionalizing religious familyowned organizations: An examination of human resource challenges. South Asian Journal of Management, 24(2), 7-24.
  • Stone-Romero, E. F., Alvarez, K., & Thompson, L. F. (2009). The construct validity of conceptual and operational definitions of contextual performance and related constructs. Human Resource Management Review, 19(2), 104-116.
  • Tan, M. H., & Hussain, N. (2017). The rise of trump and its global implications Japan and India: deepening ties in age of uncertainty (RSIS Commentaries). Singapore. Retrieved from https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/handle/10220/42132
  • Turnley, W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (1999). The Impact of Psychological Contract Violations on Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect. Human Relations, 52(7), 895-922.
  • Van Dyne, L., Graham, J. W., & Dienesch, R. M. (1994). Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 765-802.
  • Warnke, A. S., Nagy, S. M., Pickett, S. M., Jarrett, N. L., & Hunsanger, J. A. (2018). The examination of behavior inhibition system sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and sex in relation to post-traumatic stress symptom severity: Comparison of a moderated versus mediated model. Personality and Individual Differences, 132, 60-65.
  • Zhao, H., Wayne, S. J., Glibkowski, B. C., & Bravo, J. (2007). The impact of psychological contract breach on work-related outcomes: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 647-680.

Abstract Views: 168

PDF Views: 0




  • Psychological Contract Breach and Voluntary Behavioral Outcomes:A Moderated-Mediation Model

Abstract Views: 168  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Mita Sharma
Passion Vista Magazine, Kutuzovsky Avenue, 3, Entrance No. 1, Flat No. 12, Floor 3, Moscow 121248, Russian Federation
Jatin Pandey
Indian Institute of Management Indore, Prabandh Shikhar, Ran-Pithampur Road, Indore-453556, Madhya Pradesh, India
Anamika Sinha
Goa Institute of Management, Sanquelim, Porieum, Goa-403505, India

Abstract


Voluntary employee behaviors can lead to sustainable competitive advantage when manifested as citizenship behaviors and they can also bleed the organization if manifested as deviant behaviors. The Indian IT industry has been in a stage of consolidation and is isomorphic in nature, thus making this topic a fertile ground for research. The purpose of this research is to study the connection among breach of Psychological Contract (PCB) and voluntary behavioral outcomes of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Workplace Deviant Behavior (WDB). The paper reports that PCB is negatively related to OCB and relates positively to WDB. OCB mediated the relationship between WDB and PCB. Transactional contract moderates all three relationships between PCB-WDB, PCB-OCB and OCB-WDB whereas relational contract only moderates the relationship between PCB and OCB. The study provides insights into the moderating effect of PC in the case of breach and its voluntary behavioral outcomes.

Keywords


Deviant Workplace Behavior, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Psychological Contract, Relational Contract, Transactional Contract.

References