South Asian Journal of Management

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Impact of Work-Family Conflicts on Professional and Personal Outcomes and the Need for Work-Family Enrichment: An Investigation of Non-Managerial Hotel Personnel in India


Affiliations
1 Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad Campus (A Constituent of Symbiosis International University, Pune), Survey Number 292, Off Bengaluru Highway, Nandigam Mandal, Mamidipally Village, Rangareddy District 509217, Telangana, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


This study explores issues and perceptions of Work-life Balance (WLB) of non-managerial personnel of different departments of select luxury star hotels in India. Data collection is through questionnaires (self-administered) and interviews to study sources and outcomes of Work Family Conflicts (WFC) and Work Family Enrichment (WFE). Factor analysis discovered conflicts based on time, strain, and behavior. It is found that non-managerial employees experience the above types of WFC with negative impact on their family and work leading to physical and psychological health issues. They perceive that there is work life imbalance due to shortage of staff coupled with stiff market competition. Conflicts based on Time, Strain, and Behavior and the sources and outcomes of WFC are correlated negatively with the general perception about WLB while WFE is correlated positively with WLB. WFC are prevalent in the Indian hotel industry and WFE initiatives are needed to increase WLB.

Keywords

Bases for Conflict (Time, Strain, Behavior), Family Work Conflicts, Work Family Conflicts, Work Family Enrichment, Work-Life Balance (WLB).
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Adams, G. A., King, L. A., & King, D. W. (1996). Relationships of job and family involvement, family social support, and work-family conflict with job and life satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 411-420.

  • Aggarwal, S. (2012). Balancing Professional & Personal Life: Work Life Balance Study @ Gujarat Refinery, Indian Oil Corporation Limited. International Journal of Business Management Tomorrow, 2(2).

  • Ahmad, M. S., Zainab, F., & Jalil, A. (2011). Working women worklife conflict. Business Strategy Series, 12(6), 289-302.

  • Ahuja, M., Catherine, M., George, F. J., Chuck, K., & Harrison, M. (2002). Overworked and Isolated? Predicting the Effect of Work-family Conflict, Autonomy, and Workload on Organizational Commitment and Turnover of Virtual Workers. Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences – 2002. [NetLibrary version] Retrieved from https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/hicss/2002/1435/08/14350271b.pdf

  • Allen, T. D. (2001). Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(3), 414-435.

  • Allen, T. D., & Armstrong, J. (2006). Further examination of the link between work–family conflict and physical health: The role of health-related behaviors. American Behavioral Scientist, 49, 1204-1221.

  • Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to- family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278-308.

  • Arulraj (2013). A study on Work life Balance of employees in Pharma marketing. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 13.

  • Aryee, S., E., S. Srinivas., & Tan H. H. (2005). Rhythms of life: Antecedents and outcomes of work-family balance in employed parents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 132-146.

  • Aycan, Z., Eskin, M., & Yavuz, S. (2007), Life balance. Istanbul: Sistern Press.

  • Aziz, S., & Cunningham, J. (2008). Workaholism, work stress, work-life imbalance: exploring gender’s role. Gender in Management, 23(8), 553-566.

  • Balmforth, K., & Gardner, D. (2006). Conflict and facilitation between work and family: Realizing the outcomes for organizations. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 35(2), 69-76.

  • Barnett, R. C. (1998). Toward a review and reconceptualization of the work/family literature. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 124(2), 125-182.

  • Barnett, R. C., & Hyde, J. S. (2001). Women, men, work, and family: An expansionist theory. American Psychologist, 56 (2001), 781-796.

  • Bernhardt, A., Dresser, L. & Hatton, E. (2003). Moving hotels to the high road: Strategies that help workers and firms succeed. Madison, WI: Center on Wisconsin Strategy.

  • Bhagat, R. (1983). Effects of Stressful Life Events on Individual Performance Effectiveness and Work Adjustment Processes within Organizational Settings: A Research Model. The Academy of Management Review, 8(4), 660-671.

  • Bhatnagar., & Sanadhya. (2015). An analysis of work-life balance among the male and female IT professionals in Pune (Maharashtra). Journal of Research in Management & Technology, 4(1), Online ISSN-2320-0073

  • Bird, J. (2006). Work life balance: Doing it right and avoiding the pitfalls. Wiley online Publication.

  • Biswakarma, S. K., Sandilyan, P. R., & Mukherjee, M. (2015). Work Life Balance for Hospitality Employees - A Comparative Case Study of Two Five Star Hotels in Kolkata. ELK Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior, 1(2).

  • Boles, J., & Babin, B. (1996). On the front lines: Stress, conflict and the customer service provider. Journal of Business Research, 37(1), 41-50.

  • Boles, J., Howard, W., & Donofrio, H. (2001). An investigation into the Interrelationships of work–family conflict, family–work conflict and work satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Issues, 13(3), 376-91.

  • Boyar, S. L., & Mosley, D. C. (2007). The relationship between core self-evaluations and work and family satisfaction: The mediating role of work-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71, 265-281.

  • Burris, B. H. (1993). Working mothers: The impact of occupational status on the family. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 6(2), 8-21.

  • Butera, A. (2010). Defining, redefining and achieving work-life balance: A moving target. New York, NY: Protiviti Inc.

  • Butler, A., Grzywacz J., Bass, B., & Linney K. (2005). Extending the demandscontrol model: A daily diary study of job characteristics, work-family conflict and work-family facilitation. Journal of Occupational Organization Psychology, 78, 155-169.

  • Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Williams, L. J. (2000). Construct and initial validation of a multi- dimensional measure of work-family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 50, 168-184.

  • Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, J. H., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2006). Measuring the positive side of the work family interface: Development and validation of a work family enrichment scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68, 131-164.

  • Casper, W. J., Eby, L. T., Bordeaux, C., Lockwood, A., & Lambert, D. (2007). A review of research methods in IO/OB work-family research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1).

  • Catherine, R. S. (1997). Career transitions of dual-career couples: an empirical study. Career Development International, 2(5), 229-237.

  • Choi, H. J., & Kim Y. T. (2012). Work-family conflict, work-family facilitation, and job outcomes in the Korean hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(7), 1011-1028.

  • Clark, S. C. (2001). Work cultures and work/family balance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 8, 348-365

  • Clarke, M., Koch, L., & Hill, E.(2004). The work–family interface: Differentiating balance and fit. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 33(2), 121- 40.

  • Cleveland, J. N., O’Neill, J. W., Himelright, J. L., Harrison, M. H., Crouter, A. C. & Drago, R. (2007). Work and family issues in the hospitality industry: Perspectives of entrants, managers, and spouses. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 31(3), 275-298.

  • Craig, L., Mullan, K., & Blaxland, M. (2010), Parenthood, policy and work-family time in Australia 1992-2006. Work Employment Society, 24(27), 27-45.

  • Crouter, A.C., & Booth, A. (Eds.). Work-family challenges for low-income parents and their children (pp. 83-106), Lawrence Erlbaum: Mahwah, NJ.

  • David, F. E., & Catherine, S. (2004). Antecedents of work-family conflict among dual career couples: An Australian study. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 11(4), 17-27.

  • Desai, M., Majumdar, B,. Chakraborty, T., & Ghosh, K (2011). The Second Shift: Working women in India. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 26(6), 432-450.

  • Duxbury, L., & Higgins, C. (2001). Work-life balance in the new millennium: Where are we? Where do we need to go? (CPRN Discussion Paper No. W12). [NetLibrary version]. Retrieved from http://www.cprn.org/documents/7314 en.PDF

  • Edwards, J. R. &. Rothbard N. P. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25, 178-199.

  • Evans, A. & Vernon, K. (2007). Work-Life balance in Hong Kong: Case Studies. Hong Kong, China: Community Business.

  • Felstead, A., Jewson N., Phizacklea A., & Walters, S. (2002). Opportunities to work at home in the context of work-life balance. Human Resource Management Journal, 12, 54-76.

  • Friedman, S. D., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2000). Work and family—allies or enemies? What happens when business professionals confront life choices? New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

  • Frone, M., (2003). Work-family balance. In Quick & Tetrick L., (eds), Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 143-162). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

  • Frone, M. R. (2000). Work—family conflict and employee psychiatric disorders: The National Comorbidity Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 888-895.

  • Frye, N., & Breaugh, J. (2004). Family-friendly policies, supervisor support, workfamily conflict, family-work conflict, and satisfaction: A test of a conceptual model. Journal of Business & Psychology, 19(2), 197-220.

  • Greenblatt, E. (2002). Work/life balance: Wisdom or whining. Organizational Dynamics, 31, 177-193.

  • Grandey, A.A., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). The conservation of resources model applied to work family conflict and strain. Journal of Vocational Behavior, Volume 54, 350-370

  • Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of management Review, 10, 76-88.

  • Greenhaus, J. H., & Parasuraman, S. (1999). Research on work, family, and gender: Current status and future directions. In. Powell G. N. (Eds.), Handbook of gender and work (pp. 391- 412), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

  • Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family collide: deciding between competing role demands. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 90(2), 291-303

  • Greenhaus, J., & Singh, R. (2003). Work-Family Linkages, A Sloan Work and Family. Encyclopedia Entry, Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.

  • Grzywacz, J. G. (2000). Work-family spillover and health during midlife: Is managing conflict everything? American Journal of Health Promotion, 14(4), 236-243.

  • Grzywacz., & Marks. (2000). Re-conceptualizing the work-family interface: an ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 111-126.

  • Harris, H. (2004). Global careers: Work-life issues and the adjustment of women international managers. Journal of Management Development, 23(9), 818-832.

  • Hechanova, R. M. (2008). Work-life balance: The Philippine experience in male and female roles and leadership panorama: Insights into Southeast Asian and European Affairs. [NetLibrary version]. Retrieved from http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_14342-544-2-30.pdf.

  • Hsieh, M. H., Pan, S. L., & Setiono, R. (2004). Product-, corporate-, and country – image dimensions and purchase behavior: A multi-country analysis. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(3), 251-270.

  • Higgins, C., & Coghill, D. (2003). Voices of Canadians: Seeking Work-Life Balance. Hull, QC: Human Resources Development Canada.

  • Ibef.org (n.d.); Retrieved 22 March, 2016 from www.ibef.org.

  • Indiainfoline.com (n.d.) Retrieved 22 February 2015 from http:// www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-top-story/indian-hotel-industry-expected-to-grow-at-11-in-2015-16-icra-115022300282_1.html,

  • Innstrand, S. T., Langballe, E. M., Espnes, G. A., Aasland, O. G. W., & Falkum, E. (2010). Work–home conflict and facilitation across four different family structures in Norway. Community. Work & Family, 13(2), 231-249.

  • Investindia.gov.in (n.d.). Retrieved 13 May, 2016 from http:// www.investindia.gov.in/tourism-and-hospitality-sector/ .

  • Jawahar Rani, K., & Muzhumathi, R. (2012). Examining the Relationship between Work-family conflict and Organizational role stress on Life satisfaction among women professionals in Chennai city. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(15), 11- 22.

  • Jnaneshwar P. M., & Baliga, B. V. (2016). Managing Attrition and Establishing Effective Retention Strategies– An Empirical Study of Selected ITES-BPO Companies in Mangalore, Karnataka. International Journal of Education & Applied Sciences Research, 3(1), 10-23.

  • Kalliath, T., & Brough, P. (2008). Work-life balance: A review of the meaning of the balance construct. Journal of Management & Organization, 14(3), 323"327.

  • Karatepe , O., & Uludag O. ( 2007). Conflict, exhaustion, and motivation: A study of frontline employees in Northern Cyprus hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26, 645-665.

  • Keeney, J., Boyd, E. M., Sinha, R., Westring, A. F., & Ryan, A. M. (2013). From “work-family” to “work-life”: Broadening our conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82(3), 221-237. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.jvb.2013.01.005

  • Keith, P. M., & Schafer, R. B. (1980). Role strain and depression in two-job families. Family Relations, 29, 483-488.

  • Khosla, Varuni., & Sathyanarayanan, D. (2013, November 22). Manpower shortage hits payroll costs in hotels. Retrieved http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/hotels-/-restaurants/manpower-shortage-hits-payroll-costs-in-hotels/articleshow/25845938.cms

  • Kirchmeyer, C. (2000). Work–life initiatives: Greed or benevolence regarding workers’ time. In C. L. Cooper and D. M. Rousseau (Eds) Trends in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 7) (pp. 79-93). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.

  • Kossek, E. E., & Ozeki, C. (1998). Work-Family conflict, policies, and the job life satisfaction relationship: A review and directions for future organizational behaviorhuman resources research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 139-149.

  • Kusluvan, S., Kusluvan, Z., Ilhan, I., & Buruk, L. (2010). The human dimension: A review of human resources management issues in the tourism and hospitality industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51( 2), 171-214.

  • Lockwood, N. R. (2003). Work/life balance: Challenges and solutions. SHRM Research Quarterly.

  • Lövhöiden, C., Yap, M. H., & Ineson, E. M. (2011). Work-family conflicts and enrichment in the Norwegian hotel industry. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 11(4), 457-482.

  • Lowe, G. S. (2005). Control over time and work-life balance: An empirical analysis, report prepared for the Federal Labor Standards Review Committee. Canada, The Graham Lowe Group.

  • Lucas, R., & Deery, M. (2004). Significant developments and emerging issues in human resource management. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 23(5), 459-72.

  • Lucas, G. H., Parasuraman, A., Davis, R. A., & Enis, B. M. (1987). An empirical study of salesforce turnover. Journal of Marketing, 51(3), 34-59.

  • Lewis, R. A. (2011). Work-life balance in the Italian context: Experiences of luxury hotel employees. Barcelona, European Academic Conference.

  • Malavika D., Bishakha, M., Tanusree, C., & Kamalika, G. (2011). The second shift: working women in India”, Gender in Management. An International Journal, 26(6), 432-450.

  • McNall, L. A., Masuda A. D., & Nicklin J. M. (2010). Flexible work arrangements, job satisfaction and turnover intentions: The mediating role of work to family enrichment. Journal of Psychology, 144, 61-81.

  • Merllie, D., & Paoli, P. (2001). The Years of Working Conditions in the European Union. Dublin, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.

  • Mohanty., & Mohanty. (2014). An Empirical Study on the Employee Perception on Work-Life Balance in Hotel Industry with Special Reference to Odisha. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2(2), 65-81.

  • Mulvaney, R., O., Neill, J., Cleveland, J., & Crouter, A. (2006). A model of workfamily dynamics of hotel managers. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(1), 66-87.

  • Nabong, T. K. M., (2012). An Exploratory Study of Work-Family Conflicts and Enrichment of Front-line Hotel Employees in the Philippines. University of Stavanger, Norway

  • Namasivayam, K., & Zhao, X. (2007). An investigation of the moderating effects between work-family conflict and job satisfaction among hospitality employees in India. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1212-1223.

  • Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & Mc Murrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400-410.

  • Parida, S. K. (2012). Measuring The Work Life Balance: An Interpersonal Study of the Employees In IT and ITES Sector. An International Referred Quarterly Business Research Journal 1(1).

  • PerryJenkins, M., Repetti, R. L., & Crouter, A. C. (2000). Work and family in the 1990s. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 981-998.

  • Pichler, F. (2009). Determinants of work-life balance: Shortcomings in the contemporary measurement of WLB. Social Indicators Research, 92(3), 449-469.

  • Pocock, B. (2005). Work-care regimes: institutions, culture and behavior and the Australian case. Gender, Work and Organization , 12(1), 32-49.

  • Poelmans. (2001). Work-Family Conflict as a mediator of the work stress - Mental health relationship. University of Navarra, Barcelona, Spain

  • Presser, H. B. (2004). Employment in a 24/7 economy: Challenges for the family. In A. C. Crouter and A. Booth (Eds.), Work-family challenges for low-income parents and their children (pp. 83-106). New York, NY: Psychology Press.

  • Quinn, R., & Staines, G. (1979). The 1977 quality of employment survey. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center.

  • Ramesh, V. M., & Sakthivel, R. (2015). The Impact of Work Family Interferences on Work Life Conflict among the Workers of Kcmmf (Milma) In Kerala. Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 3(3), 21-26.

  • Rathi, N., & Barath, M. (2013). Work-family conflict and job and family satisfaction: Moderating effect of social support among police personnel. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 32(4), 438-454.

  • Redmond, J., Valiulis, M., & Drew, E. (2006). Literature review of issues related to work-life balance, workplace culture and maternity/childcare issues. Ireland: Crisis Pregnancy Agency.

  • Sakthivel R., Kamalanabhan., & Selvarania. (2011). Work / Life Balance Reflections on Employee Satisfaction, Serbian Journal of Management, 6(1), 85-96.

  • Smith, C. R. (1992b). Trends and directions in dual-career family research. Women in Management Review, 7(1), 23-28.

  • Smith, C. R., & Pike, L. (Eds.) (1994). Work and Family Bibliography. Perth, Australia: Edith Cowan University.

  • Smola, K. W., & Sutton, C. (2002). Generational differences: Revisiting generational work values for the new millennium. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 363-382.

  • Snyder, C. R., & Lopez, S. J. (2002). Handbook of positive psychology, Oxford University Press, New York.

  • Soon, A., Quazi, H. A., Tay, C., & Kelly, K. (2005). Studies on the impact of worklife initiatives on employee and firm performance. Singapore: Ministry of Manpower and Nanyang Technological University. Retrieved from http://www.mom.gov.sg/~/media/mom/documents/employment- practices/studies-on-the-impact-of-work-life-initiatives-on-employee-and-firm-performance.pdf

  • Surena S., & Sabitha, M. (2011). Working Hours, Work-Family Conflict and Work-Family Enrichment among Professional Women: A Malaysian Case. International Conference on Social Science and Humanity, International Proceeding of Economics Development Research, 5 (2011), Singapore.

  • Staines, G., & Connor, P. O. (1980). Conflicts among work, leisure, and family roles. Monthly Labor Review, 103(3), 35-39.

  • Stalcup, L. D. & Pearson, T. A. (2001). A model of the causes of management turnover in hotels. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research 25(1), 17-30.

  • Steiber, N., (2009). Reported levels of time-based and strain-based conflict between work and family roles in Europe: A multilevel approach. Social Indicators Research, 93, 469-488.

  • Sturges, J., & Guest, D., (2004). Working to live or living to work? Work/life balance early in the career. Human Resource Management Journal, 14, 5-20.

  • Travelimpactnewswire.com (n.d.). Retrieved https://www.travel-impactnewswire.com/2011/06/study-female-hotel-staff-face-high-stress-low-job-satisfaction/ from 13 May, 2016

  • Valk, R., & Srinivasan, V. (2011). Work-family balance of Indian women software professionals: A qualitative study. IIMB Management Review.

  • Virick, M., Juliana D., Lilly, W., & Casper, J. (2007). Doing more with less: An analysis of work life balance among layoff survivors. Career Development International, 12(5), 463-480.

  • Voydanoff, P. (2005). Work demands and work-to-family and family-to-work conflict: Direct and indirect relationships. Journal of Family Issue, 26, 840-865.

  • Wayne, J. H., Randel, A. E., & Stevens, J. (2006). The role of identity and workfamily support in work-family enrichment and its work-related consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(3), 445-461.

  • Wentling, R. M., (1998). Work and family issues: Their impact on women’s career development. In L. L. Bierema (Eds.), Women’s career development across the lifespan: Insights and strategies for women, organizations, and adult educators (pp. 15-24), San Francisco Jossey-Bass.

  • Williams, J. C., & Boushey, H. (2010). The Three Faces of Work-Family Conflict: The Poor, the Professionals, and the Missing Middle. Center for American Progress.

  • Wong, S.C., & Ko, A. (2009). Exploratory study of understanding hotel employees’ perception on work-life balance issues. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 195-203.

  • Xiao, Q., & O’Neill, J. W. (2008). Work-family balance as a potential strategic advantage: A hotel general manager perspective. [NetLibrary version]. Retrieved from http://www.personal.psu.edu/jwo3/Hotel%20Work%20Family%20Balance%20Article.pdf

  • Xiao, Q., & O’Neill, J. W. (2010). Work-family balance as a potential strategic advantage: A hotel general manager perspective. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 34(4), 415-439.

  • Yam, L. & Raybould, M. (2011), Employee Retention: Job Embeddedness in the Hospitality Industry. Paper presented at the 9th APacHRIE Conference, Hong Kong, China. Retrieved October 04, 2015, from http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1507&context=business_pubs

  • Zetlin D., & Whitehouse G. (1998). Balancing Work and Family Commitments: Developments in Innovative Organizations. Journal of Early Childhood, 23(3), pp. 9-13.


Abstract Views: 182

PDF Views: 0




  • Impact of Work-Family Conflicts on Professional and Personal Outcomes and the Need for Work-Family Enrichment: An Investigation of Non-Managerial Hotel Personnel in India

Abstract Views: 182  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Prageetha G. Raju
Symbiosis Law School, Hyderabad Campus (A Constituent of Symbiosis International University, Pune), Survey Number 292, Off Bengaluru Highway, Nandigam Mandal, Mamidipally Village, Rangareddy District 509217, Telangana, India

Abstract


This study explores issues and perceptions of Work-life Balance (WLB) of non-managerial personnel of different departments of select luxury star hotels in India. Data collection is through questionnaires (self-administered) and interviews to study sources and outcomes of Work Family Conflicts (WFC) and Work Family Enrichment (WFE). Factor analysis discovered conflicts based on time, strain, and behavior. It is found that non-managerial employees experience the above types of WFC with negative impact on their family and work leading to physical and psychological health issues. They perceive that there is work life imbalance due to shortage of staff coupled with stiff market competition. Conflicts based on Time, Strain, and Behavior and the sources and outcomes of WFC are correlated negatively with the general perception about WLB while WFE is correlated positively with WLB. WFC are prevalent in the Indian hotel industry and WFE initiatives are needed to increase WLB.

Keywords


Bases for Conflict (Time, Strain, Behavior), Family Work Conflicts, Work Family Conflicts, Work Family Enrichment, Work-Life Balance (WLB).

References