Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Rethinking Organizational Change: Towards a Conceptual Framework


Affiliations
1 Human Resource & Organizational Behavior Area, Indian Institute of Management Kashipur, Kundeshwari, Kashipur 244713, Uttarakhand, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


In this paper, a systematic process of literature review has been followed to identify diverse nomenclatures and common themes within the existing literature on organizational change. The role of organizational readiness and employee resistance, along with their antecedents are discussed in the study. Additionally, it is emphasized that while considering change initiatives, organizations also need to carefully evaluate three parameters of change, i.e., ‘rate of occurrence’ of change, ‘the scale’ of change, and ‘the implementation’ process of change. In particular, the paper proposes a conceptual model that features and extends upon the previous work on trajectories of industry-level changes based on the ‘core assets’ and the ‘core activities’ of an industry for instituting appropriate change strategies at the organization level. Such categorization can help organizations identify and adopt the right change strategies within their ecosystem while at the same time planning for change interventions in the real world scenario.

Keywords

Change Implementation Process, Employee Resistance, Industry-level Change, Organizational Change, Organizational Readiness.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Amis, J., Slack, T., & Hinings, C. R. (2004). The pace, sequence, and linearity of radical change. Academy of Management Journal, 47(1), 15-39. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159558
  • Ansoff, H. I. (1968). Corporate strategy/: an analytic approach to business policy for growth and expansion. In Pelican library of business and management. New York: McGraw-Hill Book.
  • Ansoff, I., & McDonnell, E. (1990). Implanting Strategic Management, Prentice Hall. New York.
  • Armenakis, A. A., & Bedeian, A. G. (1999). Organizational change: A review of theory and research in the 1990s. Journal of Management, 25(3), 293-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639902500303
  • Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., & Mossholder, K. W. (1993). Creating Readiness for Organizational Change. Human Relations, 46(6), 681-703. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679304600601
  • Balogun, J., & Hailey, V. H. (2008). Exploring strategic change. In Pearson Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
  • Bamford, D. R., & Forrester, P. L. (2003). Managing planned and emergent change within an operations management environment. International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 23(5), 546-554. https://doi.org/10.1108/014435703 10471857
  • Berwick, D. M., & Nolan, T. W. (1998). Physicians as leaders in improving health care: A new series in Annals of Internal Medicine. Annals of Internal Medicine, 184(4), 289-292. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00008
  • Bhattacherjee, A., & Hikmet, N. (2007). Physicians’ resistance toward healthcare information technology: A theoretical model and empirical test. European Journal of Information Systems, 16(6), 725-737. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000717
  • Boga, I., & Ensari, N. (2009). The role of transformational leadership and organizational change on perceived organizational success. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 12(4), 235-251. https://doi.org/10.1080/10887150903316248
  • Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social Space and Symbolic Power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.2307/202060
  • Boyd, N. (2009). Implementing Large-Scale Organization Development and Change in the States. Public Administration Quarterly, 233-269.
  • Boyd, N. M., & Bright, D. S. (2007). Appreciative inquiry as a mode of action research for community psychology. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(8), 10191036. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20208
  • Bullock, R. J., & Batten, D. (1985). It’s Just a Phase We’re Going Through: A Review and Synthesis of OD Phase Analysis The authors are deeply grateful to. Group & Organization Studies, 10(4), 383-412.
  • Burke, W. W., & Litwin, G. H. (1992). A Causal Model of Organizational Performance and Change. Journal of Management, 18(3), 523-545. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639201800306
  • Burnes, B. (1996). No such thing as … a “one best way” to manage organizational change. Management Decision, 34(10), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749610150649
  • Burnes, B. (2004). Managing change: A strategic approach to organisational dynamics. Management Decision. Pearson Higher Ed.
  • Burnes, B. (2015). Understanding Resistance to Change – Building on Coch and French. Journal of Change Management, 15(4), 92-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2014.969755
  • Cameron, E., & Green, M. (2015). Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers.
  • Carnall, C. (2014). Managing Change in Organizations, Fifth Edition. In Prentice Hall. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.03728-14
  • Cartwright, S., & Schoenberg, R. (2006). Thirty years of mergers and acquisitions research: Recent advances and future opportunities. British Journal of Management, 17(S1), S1–S5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00475.x
  • Chakraborty, K., & Sur, D. (2015). Financial Performance of Select FMCG Companies in India During the Post-Liberalization Period: A Study. IUP Journal of Management Research, 14(1).
  • Chatterjee, D. (2014). Leadership in Innovators and Defenders: The Role of Cognitive Personality Styles. Industry and Innovation, 21(5), 430-453. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2014.959314
  • Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 555-590. https://doi.org/10.2307/256406
  • Dawson, P. M. (1994). Organizational change: A processual approach. Paul Chapman Publishing.
  • Dent, E. B., & Goldberg, S. G. (1999). Challenging “resistance to change.” Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 35(1), 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886399351003
  • Denyer, D., & Tranfield, D. (2009). Producing a Systematic Review. The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Research Methods, pp. 671-690. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634528709378635
  • Dunphy, D., & Stace, D. (1993). The Strategic Management of Corporate Change. Human Relations, 46(8), 905-946. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679304600801
  • Eby, L. T., Adams, D. M., Russell, J. E. A., & Gaby, S. H. (2000). Perceptions of organizational readiness for change: Factors related to employees’ reactions to the implementation of team-based selling. Human Relations, 53(3), 419-442. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700533006
  • Freixanet, J., Rialp, A., & Churakova, I. (2020). How do innovation, internationalization, and organizational learning interact and co-evolve in small firms? a complex systems approach. Journal of Small Business Management, 1-34.
  • French, W. L., & Bell, C. H. (1973). Organization development: behavioral science interventions for organization improvement(No. HD38 F69).
  • Georgalis, J., Samaratunge, R., Kimberley, N., & Lu, Y. (2015). Change process characteristics and resistance to organisational change: The role of employee perceptions of justice. Australian Journal of Management, 40(1), 89-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896214526212
  • George, J. M., Jones, G. R., & Sharbrough, W. C. (2005). Understanding and managing organizational behavior. NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Giangreco, A., & Peccei, R. (2005). The nature and antecedents of middle manager resistance to change: Evidence from an Italian context. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(10), 1812-1829. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190500298404
  • Greiner, L. (1978). Patterns of Organisation Change,[in:] Classics of Organisational Behaviour. Cengage learning.
  • Grundy, T. (1994). Implementing Strategic Change: A Practical Guide for Business. Kogan Page Limited, 120 Pentonville Rd., London, N1 9JN, England, United Kingdom.
  • Guimaraes, T., & Armstrong, C. (1998). Empirically testing the impact of change management effectiveness on company performance. European Journal of Innovation Management, 1(2), 74-84. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601069810217257
  • Haslam, S. and Pennington, R. (2010). Reducing resistance to change and conflict: A key to successful leadership. Resource International, 1(1), 3-11.
  • Higgs, M., & Rowland, D. (2005). All changes great and small: Exploring approaches to change and its leadership. Journal of Change Management, 5(2), 121-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697010500082902
  • Highsmith. (2009). Agile project management: creating innovative products. Pearson Higher Ed.
  • Hughes, M. (2017). Raymond Caldwell: Agency and Change in Organizational Theory. In The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkerss. Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Jacob, N. (2014). Leadership and change management in a crisis situation: A case about administration of an Indian district collectorate. South Asian Journal of Management, 21(2), 151-163.
  • Jones, R. A., Jimmieson, N. L., & Griffiths, A. (2005). The impact of organizational culture and reshaping capabilities on change implementation success: The mediating role of readiness for change. Journal of Management Studies, 42(2), 361386.
  • Kerzner, H. (2017). Project Management: A systems approach to planning scheduling and controlling. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Kitchin, P. J., & David Howe, P. (2013). How can the social theory of Pierre Bourdieu assist sport management research? Sport Management Review, 16(2), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2012.09.003
  • King, N., & Anderson, N. (1995). Innovation and change in organizations. Routledge.
  • Kotter, J. P. (1995). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail.
  • Lewin, K. (1946). Resolving social conflicts; selected papers on group dynamics.
  • Luecke. (2003). Managing change and transition (3rd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Press.
  • Mahato, M. (2015). Organizational Change: An Action Oriented Toolkit. South Asian Journal of Management, 22(4), 197.
  • Margolis, P. A., DeWalt, D. A., Simon, J. E., Horowitz, S., Scoville, R., Kahn, N., … Miles, P. (2010). Designing a large-scale multilevel improvement initiative: The improving performance in practice program. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 30(3), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1002/chp.20080
  • Markus, H., & Kunda, Z. (1986). Stability and Malleability of the Self-Concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(4), 858. https://doi.org/10.1037/00223514.51.4.858
  • McGahan, A. M. (2004). How industries change. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 86-94.
  • McGahan, A. M., & Porter, M. E. (1997). How much does industry matter, really?. Strategic management journal, 18(S1), 15-30.
  • McGee, J., & Thomas, H. (1986). Strategic groups: Theory, research and taxonomy. Strategic Management Journal, 7(2), 141-160. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250070204
  • Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C., Meyer, A. D., & Coleman, H. J. (1978). Organizational strategy, structure, and process. Academy of Management Review. Academy of Management, 3(3), 546-562. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1978.4305755
  • Moran, J. W., & Brightman, B. K. (2000). Leading organizational change. Journal of Workplace Learning, 12(2), 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1108/13665620010316226
  • Nadler, & Tushman. (1997). A congruence model for organization problem solving. Managing strategic innovation and change: A collection of readings.
  • Nelson, L. (2003). A case study in organisational change: Implications for theory. The Learning Organization, 10(1), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/09696470310457478 60. Oldham, J. (2009). Achieving large system change in health care. JAMA, 301(9), 965-966.
  • Oreg, S. & Goldenberg. J. (2015). Resistance to innovation: Its sources and manifestations. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  • Oreg, S. (2006). Personality, context, and resistance to organizational change. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 15(1), 73-101.
  • Oreg, S., Vakola, M., & Armenakis, A. (2011). Change recipients’ reactions to organizational change: A 60-year review of quantitative studies. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 47(4), 461-524.
  • Paju, P., & Haigh, T. (2016). IBM Rebuilds Europe: The Curious Case of the Transnational Typewriter. Enterprise and Society, 17(2), 265-300.
  • Pardo Del Val, M., & Martínez Fuentes, C. (2003). Resistance to change: a literature review and empirical study. Management Decision, 41(2), 148-155.
  • Parnell, J. A., & Wright, P. (1993). Generic Strategy and Performance: an Empirical Test of the Miles and Snow Typology. British Journal of Management, 4(1), 29-36.
  • Pettinger, R. (2004). Contemporary strategic management. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Piderit, S. K. (2000). Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: A multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 783-794. Doi: 10.5465/AMR.2000.3707722
  • Prasad, T., & Sayeed, O. B. (2006). Perception of change and innovation in relation to management practices: An empirical analysis. South Asian Journal of Management, 13(1), 29-45.
  • Rieley, J., & Clarkson, I. (2001). The impact of change on performance. Journal of Change Management, 2(2), 162-172.
  • Sastry, M. A. (1997). Problems and paradoxes in a model of punctuated organizational change. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(2), 237-275.
  • Schein, E. H. (1999). Process consultation revisited: Building the helping relationship. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 32(1), 82-108.
  • Senge, P. M. (1997). The fifth discipline. Measuring Business Excellence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Senior. (2002). Organizational Change (2nd ed.). London, UK: Prentice Hall.
  • Shaw, P. (2003). Changing conversations in organizations: A complexity approach to change. In Changing Conversations in Organizations: A Complexity Approach to Change.
  • Shimoni, B. (2017). What is resistance to change? A habitus-oriented approach. Academy of Management Perspectives, 31(4), 257-270. Doi: 10.5465/amp.2016.0073
  • Sieweke, J. (2014). Pierre Bourdieu in management and organization studies-A citation context analysis and discussion of contributions. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 30(4), 532-543.
  • Singh, K., Saeed, M., & Bertsch, A. (2012). Key Factors Influencing Employee Response Toward Change/ : A Test in the Telecom Industry in India. Journal of Management Policy and Practice, 13(3), 66-81.
  • Stock, B. A. (1993). Leading small-scale change. Training & Development, 47(3), 45-51.
  • Todnem By, R. (2005). Organizational change management: A critical review. Journal of change management, 5(4), 369-380.
  • Vakola, M. (2013). Multilevel Readiness to Organizational Change: A Conceptual Approach. Journal of Change Management, 13(1), 96-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2013.768436
  • Voronov, & Woodworth. (2012). OD discourse and domination. The Routledge companion to organizational change. Routledge.
  • Waddell, D., & Sohal, A. S. (1998). Resistance: A constructive tool for change management. Management Decision, 36(8), 543-548.
  • Wilson, D. C. (1992). A strategy of change: Concepts and controversies in the management of change. (3rd ed.). London, UK: Cengage Learning.
  • Wong, C., Skipworth, H., Godsell, J., & Achimugu, N. (2012). Towards a theory of supply chain alignment enablers: A systematic literature review. Supply Chain Management, 17(4), 419-437.
  • Zhang, H., & Hu, B. (2017). The effects of organizational isomorphism on innovation performance through knowledge search in industrial cluster. Chinese Management Studies. 11(2), 209-228.

Abstract Views: 467

PDF Views: 0




  • Rethinking Organizational Change: Towards a Conceptual Framework

Abstract Views: 467  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Arbind Samal
Human Resource & Organizational Behavior Area, Indian Institute of Management Kashipur, Kundeshwari, Kashipur 244713, Uttarakhand, India
Devjani Chatterjee
Human Resource & Organizational Behavior Area, Indian Institute of Management Kashipur, Kundeshwari, Kashipur 244713, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract


In this paper, a systematic process of literature review has been followed to identify diverse nomenclatures and common themes within the existing literature on organizational change. The role of organizational readiness and employee resistance, along with their antecedents are discussed in the study. Additionally, it is emphasized that while considering change initiatives, organizations also need to carefully evaluate three parameters of change, i.e., ‘rate of occurrence’ of change, ‘the scale’ of change, and ‘the implementation’ process of change. In particular, the paper proposes a conceptual model that features and extends upon the previous work on trajectories of industry-level changes based on the ‘core assets’ and the ‘core activities’ of an industry for instituting appropriate change strategies at the organization level. Such categorization can help organizations identify and adopt the right change strategies within their ecosystem while at the same time planning for change interventions in the real world scenario.

Keywords


Change Implementation Process, Employee Resistance, Industry-level Change, Organizational Change, Organizational Readiness.

References