Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology)

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Assessment of Cytotoxicity of Aqueous Extract of Euphorbia hirta against Human Lung Carcinoma and Vero Cell Line


Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sandip Foundation, Trimbak Road, Mahiravni, Nashik - 422213, Maharashtra, India
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sandip Foundation, Trimbak Road, Mahiravni, Nashik - 422213, Maharashtra, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Objective of the study was to assess the cytotoxicity of aqueous extract of Euphorbia hirta against human lung carcinoma (NCIH-522) and vero cell line. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of an aqueous extract of E. hirta was studied. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess cytotoxicity of aqueous extract of E. hirta. Doxorubicin was considered as standard reference drug. Concentrations at range 1000-0.05 μg/ml of extract and doxorubicin were used. FTIR spectrum of aqueous extract of E. hirta was showed five peaks/centers such as 762.036, 1283.392, 1411.548, 2235.839 and 3749.054 at the wavelength region of 4000.00-650.00 cm−1. The 50% cell growth inhibition of aqueous extract of E. hirta and doxorubicin was 679.74 μg/ml and 531.14 μg/ml against human lung carcinoma cell line. It was 1363.65 μg/ml and 2392.71 μg/ml against normal vero cell line respectively. Aqueous extract of E. hirta was showed a good cytotoxic effect against human lung carcinoma cell line. It was due to the presence of functional group of phytocompounds detected in FTIR studies. The extract was found to be safe against normal vero cell line. Hence, E. hirta can be used as a good source of cytotoxic compounds. The isolation, identification, and elucidation of underlying mechanisms of these compounds will require and that could lead to develop alternative and complementary drugs useful in the treatments of tumors or cancers. Further, there is need to expand these studies using in vivo experiments, mechanistic-based assays such as tunnal, caspcase, and flow cytometry.

Keywords

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide Assay, Euphorbia hirta Linn., NCIH-522, Verco Cell Line.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plants. (Fourth Reprint). 2nd ed. Dehradun: International Book Distributors; 2006. p. 2197–9.

  • Nadkarni KM, Nadkarni AK. Indian Materia Medica. (Reprinted). 3rd ed. Bombay: Popular Prakashan; 2007. p. 524.

  • Anonymous. The Wealth of India, a Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products. D-E (Reprinted). New Delhi: National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; 2003. p. 225.

  • Liu Y, Murakami N, Ji H, Pedro A, Zhang S. Antimalarial flavonol glycosides from Euphorbia hirta. Pharm Biol. 2007; 45:278–81.

  • Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. 3rd ed. Lucknow: Central Drug Research Institute; 2002.

  • Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian medicinal plants. 4th ed. Lucknow: Central Drug Research Institute; 2002.

  • Williamson EM. Major herbs of ayurveda. Beijing: Churchill Livingstone; 2002.

  • Sood SK, Bhardwaj R, Lakhanpal TN. Ethnic Indian plants in cure of diabetes. New Delhi: Scientific Publishers; 2005.

  • Tona L, Kambu K, Ngimbi N, Mesia K, Penge O, Lusakibanza M, et al. Antiamoebic and spasmolytic activities of extracts from some antidiarrhoeal traditional preparations used in Kinshasa, Congo. Phytomedicine. 2000; 7:31–8.

  • Ogbulie JN, Ogueke CC, Okoli IC, Anyanwu BN. Antibacterial activities and toxicological potentials of crude ethanolic extracts of Euphorbia hirta. Afr J Biotechnol. 2007; 6:1544–8.

  • Suresh K, Deepa P, Harisaranraj R, Vaira Achudhan V. Antimicrobial and phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Carica papaya L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Euphorbia hirta L., Melia azedarach L. and Psidium guajava L. Ethnobotanical Leaf. 2008; 12:1184–9.

  • Galvez J, Zarzuelo A, Crespo ME, Lorente MD, Ocete MA, Jiménez J. Antidiarrhoeic activity of Euphorbia hirta extract and isolation of an active flavonoid constituent. Planta Med. 1993; 59:333–6.

  • Sharma NK, Dey S, Prasad R. In-vitro antioxidant potential evaluation of Euphorbia hirta L. Pharmacologyonline. 2007; 1:91–8.

  • Martinez V, Mariano A, Teresa OR, Lazcano ME, Bye R. Anti-inflammatory active compounds from the n-hexane extract of Euphorbia hirta. Rev Soc Quim Méx. 1999; 43:103–5.

  • Lanhers MC, Fleurentin J, Dorfman P, Mortier F, Pelt JM. Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of Euphorbia hirta. Planta Med. 1991; 57:225–31.

  • Loh DS, Er HM, Chen YS. Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of Euphorbia hirta. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 126:406–14.

  • Brindha D, Saroja S, Jeyanthi GP. Protective potential of Euphorbia hirta against cytotoxicity induced in hepatocytes and a HepG2 cell line. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2010; 21:401–13.

  • Sandeep BP, Chandrakant SM. Phytochemical investigation and antitumour activity of Euphorbia hirta Linn. Eur J Exp Biol. 2011; 1:51–6.

  • Imran A, Waseem AW, Kishwar S. Cancer scenario in India with future perspectives. Cancer Ther. 2011; 8:56–70.

  • Mehta RG, Murillo G, Naithani R, Peng X. Cancer chemoprevention by natural products: How far have we come? Pharm Res. 2010; 27:950–61.

  • Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods. 1983; 65:55–63.

  • Knick VC, Eberwein DJ, Miller CG. Vinorelbine tartrate and paclitaxel combinations: Enhanced activity against in vivo P388 murine leukemia cells. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995; 87:1072–7.

  • Skehan P, Storeng R, Scudiero D, Monks A, McMahon J, Vistica D, et al. New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancerdrug screening. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990; 82:1107–12.

  • Skehan P, Storeng R, Scudiero D, Monks A, McMahon J, Victica D. New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer agents. Eur J Cancer. 1992; 27:1162–8.

  • Mali PY. Cytotoxicity activities of chloroform extract of Cichorium intybus seed against HCT-15 and Vero cell line. Int J Health Allied Sci. 2015; 4:267–70.

  • Mali PY, Gaikwad S. In-vitro cytotoxicity study of Cichorium intybus seed using NCIH-522 cell line by MTT assay. Adv Pharmacol Toxicol. 2015; 16:49–56.

  • Mali PY. Cytotoxicity study of methanolic extract of Euphorbia hirta using HCT-15 and Vero cell line. Inventi Impact: Ethnopharmacology. 2016; 1(1):10–13

  • Mali PY. Assessment of cytotoxicity of Portulaca oleracea Linn against human colon adenocarcinoma and vero cell line. AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda). 2015; 36(4):432–6.

  • Mali PY, Gaikwad S, Jadhav AG. Cytotoxicity study of chloroform extract of Portulaca oleracea whole plant using human lung carcinoma cell line. Adv Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016; 17(2):33–40.

  • Mali PY, Sable RR, Naphade VD, Pathan VT, Gujarathi NA, Jadhav AG. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of methanolic extract of Euphorbia hirta against NCIH-522 and vero cell line. Inventi Impact: Animal Models and Cell Assays. 2017; (1):1-5.

  • Dai J, Mumper RJ. Plant phenolics: Extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules. 2010; 15:7313–52.

  • Mishra BB, Tiwari VK. Natural products: An evolving role in future drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem. 2011; 46:4769–807.

  • O’Brien P, Haskins JR. In vitro cytotoxicity assessment. Methods Mol Biol. 2007; 356:415–25.

  • Fink SL, Cookson BT. Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: Mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells. Infect Immun. 2005; 73:1907–16.

  • Majno G, Joris I. Apoptosis, oncosis, and necrosis. An overview of cell death. Am J Pathol. 1995; 146:3–15.

  • Wyllie AH, Kerr JF, Currie AR. Cell death: THe significance of apoptosis. Int Rev Cytol. 1980; 68:251–306.


Abstract Views: 422

PDF Views: 0




  • Assessment of Cytotoxicity of Aqueous Extract of Euphorbia hirta against Human Lung Carcinoma and Vero Cell Line

Abstract Views: 422  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Prashant Y. Mali
Department of Pharmacology, Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sandip Foundation, Trimbak Road, Mahiravni, Nashik - 422213, Maharashtra, India
Anil G. Jadhav
Department of Pharmacognosy, Sandip Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sandip Foundation, Trimbak Road, Mahiravni, Nashik - 422213, Maharashtra, India

Abstract


Objective of the study was to assess the cytotoxicity of aqueous extract of Euphorbia hirta against human lung carcinoma (NCIH-522) and vero cell line. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of an aqueous extract of E. hirta was studied. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was used to assess cytotoxicity of aqueous extract of E. hirta. Doxorubicin was considered as standard reference drug. Concentrations at range 1000-0.05 μg/ml of extract and doxorubicin were used. FTIR spectrum of aqueous extract of E. hirta was showed five peaks/centers such as 762.036, 1283.392, 1411.548, 2235.839 and 3749.054 at the wavelength region of 4000.00-650.00 cm−1. The 50% cell growth inhibition of aqueous extract of E. hirta and doxorubicin was 679.74 μg/ml and 531.14 μg/ml against human lung carcinoma cell line. It was 1363.65 μg/ml and 2392.71 μg/ml against normal vero cell line respectively. Aqueous extract of E. hirta was showed a good cytotoxic effect against human lung carcinoma cell line. It was due to the presence of functional group of phytocompounds detected in FTIR studies. The extract was found to be safe against normal vero cell line. Hence, E. hirta can be used as a good source of cytotoxic compounds. The isolation, identification, and elucidation of underlying mechanisms of these compounds will require and that could lead to develop alternative and complementary drugs useful in the treatments of tumors or cancers. Further, there is need to expand these studies using in vivo experiments, mechanistic-based assays such as tunnal, caspcase, and flow cytometry.

Keywords


3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide Assay, Euphorbia hirta Linn., NCIH-522, Verco Cell Line.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.22506/ti%2F2015%2Fv22%2Fi3%2F137636