Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Current Scenario of Pesticide Residues in Bovine Milk in Punjab and Human Health Risk Assessment
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Milk contamination is of extreme concern consideringit’s an important component of everybody’s diet. In present study 706 milk samples collected from different districts of Punjab were screened for the presence of organophosphate, synthetic pyrethroids and organochlorine pesticides. Pesticide residues were assessed using Gas chromatography with flame thermionic detector and electron capture detector then confirmed by Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The quantitative estimation of pesticide residues in milk samples revealed the presence of chlorpyrifos, HCH (γ-HCH), DDT, endosulfan and cypermethirn with mean levels of 1.46 ng g-1, 0.43 ng g-1, 0.40 ng g-1, 0.39 ng g-1 and 1.23 ng g-1, respectively. Chlorpyrifos was found to be the major contributor with 29.9% contribution, and 3 samples exceeding the maximum residue limit (MRL) followed by HCH with 21.2% contribution and 7 samples exceeded its MRL and cypermethrin 18.1 % contribution and only 2 samples with concentration above MRL. The spatial distribution of residues in Punjab reflected the higher levels in south-west region known as the cotton belt. Risk assessment through consumption of milk in Punjab was evaluated and observed that hazard index for DDT and HCH were within the prescribed ranges.
Keywords
Bovine Milk, Pesticide Residue, Gas Chromatography, Risk Assessment, Punjab.
User
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
Font Size
Information
- Bro-Rasmussen F. Contamination by persistent chemicals in food chain and human health. Sci Total Environ. 1996; 188: S45-S60.
- Tao S, Liu WX, Li XQ, Zhou DX, Li X, Yang YF, et al. Organochlorine pesticide residuals in chickens and eggs at a poultry farm in Beijing, China. Environ Pollut. 2009; 157: 497-502.
- Eskenazi B, Bradman A, Castorina R. Exposures of children to organophosphate pesticides and their potential adverse health effects. Environmental Health Perspectives. 1999; 107(Suppl 3):409-419.
- Pagliuca G, Serraino A, Gazzotti T, Zironi E, Borsari A, Rosmini R. Organophosphorus pesticides residues in Italian raw milk. J Dairy Res. 2006; 73:340-344
- Bogialli S, Curini R, Di Corcia A, Laganà A, Nazzari M, Tonci M. Simple and rapid assay for analyzing residues of carbamate insecticides in bovine milk: hot water extraction followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chrom A. 2004; 1054: 351-357.
- Battu RS, Singh B, Kang BK. Contamination of liquid milk and butter with pesticide residues in the Ludhiana district of Punjab state, India. Eco Environ Sfty. 2004; 59: 324-331.
- AOAC (1999) Guidelines for single-laboratory validation of analytical methods for trace level concentrations of organic chemicals. Available via http://www.iaea.org/trc/pest-qa,
- Bedi JS, Gill JPS, Aulakh RS, Kaur P. Pesticide Residues in Bovine Milk in Punjab, India: Spatial Variation and Risk Assessment to Human Health. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2015; 69: 230-240.
- Pandit GG, Sharma S, Srivastava PK, Sahu SK. Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in milk and dairy products in India. Food Add Contam. 2002; 19:153-157.
- Kalra RL, Kaur H, Sharma S, Kapoor SK, Chakraborty SS, Kshirasagar RB et al. DDT and HCH residues in dairy milk samples collected from different geographical regions of India: a multicentre study. Food Add Contam. 1999; 16:411-417.
- Bedi JS, Gill JPS, Aulakh RS, Kaur P, Sharma A, Pooni PA. Pesticide residues in human breast milk: Risk assessment for infants from Punjab, India. Sci Total Environ. 2013; 463: 720-726.
- Sharma A, Gill JPS, Bedi JS, Pooni PA. Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Human Breast Milk from Punjab, India and Its Correlation with Health Associated Parameters. Bull Environ ContamToxicol. 2014; 93: 465-471.
- CIBRC (Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee) (2012) Major uses of pesticides. Registered under the Insecticides Act, 1968 Department of Agriculture & Co-operation, Committee Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. http://cibrc.nic.in/. Accessed 30 November, 2017.
- Deka SC, Barman N, Baruah AALH. Monitoring of pesticide residues in feed, fodder and butter in Assam. Pesti Res J. 2004; 16: 86–89.
- Misra U, Singh SP, Ahmad AH, Hore SK, Sharma LD. Synthetic pyrethroid residues in foods of animal origin in Kumaon. Toxico Int. 2005; 12:83-86.
- Chandra S, Mahindrakar AN, Shinde LP. Determination of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in vegetables by GC-ECD. Inter J ChemTech Res. 2010; 2: 908-911.
- Sereda B, Bouwman H, Kylin H. Comparing water, bovine milk, and indoor residual spraying as possible sources of DDT and pyrethroid residues in breast milk. J Toxicol Environ Hlth A. 2009; 72:842–851.
- Salas JH, Gonzaalez MM, Noa M, Pearez NA, Diaaz G, Rrez RG, Zazueta H, Osuna I. Organophosphorus pesticide residues in Mexican commercial pasteurized milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2003; 51:4468-4471
- Cheema HK, Kang BK, Singh B. Monitoring of HCH residues in bovine milk in Punjab, India. Indian J Environ Toxicol. 2004; 14:54-58.
- Kathpal TS, Kumari B, Singh S, Singh J. Multiresidue Analysis of Bovine and Human Milk in Cotton Growing Belt of Haryana. Proceedings of International Conference on Pesticides, Environment, Food Security 19-23 November IARI, New Delhi, India. 2001
Abstract Views: 395
PDF Views: 0