Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology)

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Toxic Effects of Sub-chronic Oral Exposure of Imidacloprid on Biochemical Parameters in Buffalo Calves


Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141 004, Punjab,, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Imidacloprid, is a highly effective and widely used neonicotinoid insecticide for crop protection and veterinary pest control, which has gained a major market control in the past several years. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the toxic potential of imidacloprid in buffalo calves when administered for prolonged periods. Evaluation of various biochemical markers of hepatic, renal and muscular injury was done using standardized procedures. Oral administration of imidacloprid (@ 0.5 mg/kg/day; 90 days) in male buffalo calves, produced varying degrees of nasal discharge, lachrymal discharge, lethargy and weakness. Imidacloprid exposure caused a significant increase in the levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (12.3%), alanine aminotransferase (172.2%), lactate dehydrogenase (13.7%), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (57.5%), alkaline phosphatase (37.2%), acid phosphatase (220.0%), blood urea nitrogen (148.4%), creatinine (5.22%) and cholesterol (68.9%). However, no significant changes were observed in the enzymatic activity of creatine kinase, plasma cholinesterase as well as total protein and glucose levels.

Keywords

Biochemical, Buffalo Calves, Imidacloprid, Subchronic.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • Quintas G, Armenta S, Garrigues S, Guardia MDL. Fourier transform infrared determination of imidacloprid in pesticide formulations. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 2004; 15(2):307–12. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532004000200023

  • Kidd H, James D. Agrochemicals Handbook. Third Ed. Cambridge, England: Royal Society of Chemistry; 1994.

  • Tomizawa M, Cowan A, Casida JE. Analgesic and toxic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides in mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2001; 177:77–83. https:// doi.org/10.1006/taap.2001.9292

  • Shimomura M, Okuda H, Matsuda K, Komai K, Akamatsu M, Sattelle DB. Effects of mutations of a glutamine residue in loop D of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on agonist profiles for neonicotinoid insecticides and related ligands. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2002; 137:162–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0704848

  • Tomizawa M, Casida JE. Imidacloprid, thiacloprid and their imine derivatives upregulate the alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in M10 cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2000; 169:114–20. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.2000.9057

  • Wismer TN. Insecticides. Clinical Veterinary Toxicology; Plumlee, K. H., Ed.; St. Louis: Mosby; 2004. p. 184-85.

  • Thyssen J, Machemer L. Imidacloprid: Toxicology and Metabolism. Nicotinoid Insecticides and the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Yamamoto I, Casida J. E. Eds.; Springer-Verlag: Tokyo; 1999; 9:213–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67933-2_9

  • Reagan WJ, Yang RZ, Park S, Goldstein R, Brees D, Gong DW. Metabolic adaptive ALT isoenzyme response in livers of C57/BL6 mice treated with dexamethasone. Toxicol Pathol. 2012; 40(8):1117–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623312447550

  • Balani T, Agrawal S, Thaker AM. Hematological and biochemical changes due to short-term oral administration of imidacloprid. Toxicology International. 2011; 18(1):2–4. PMid: 21430911. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6580.75843

  • Bhardwaj S, Srivastava MK, Kapoor U, Srivastava LP. 90 days oral toxicity of imidacloprid in female rats: Morphological, biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010; 48(5):1185–90. PMid: 20146932. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.02.009

  • Kaur B, Sandhu HS, Kaur R. Toxic effects of subacute oral exposure of imidacloprid on biochemical parameters in crossbred cow calves. Toxicology International. 2006; 13(1):43–7.

  • Siddiqui MA. Toxicological and immunological studies of sub acute exposure of cockerels to imidacloprid and quinalphos. [M.V. Sc. Thesis]. Anand: Gujarat Agricultural University; 2004.

  • Katarzyna A, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Renata T. Lactate dehydrogenase 5: An old friend and a new hope in the war on cancer. Cancer Letters. 2015; 358(1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.035

  • James EE, Elizabeth CW. Association of γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity with treatment and clinical outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (HCV). Hepatology. 2013; 57(5):1725–33. PMid: 23258530. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26203

  • Nicole JF, BeverlyAK. Alkaline phosphatase: Beyond the liver. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 2007; 36(3):223–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2007.tb00216.x

  • Rosol TJ, Capen CC. Calcium regulating hormones and diseases of abnormal mineral (Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium) metabolism. Kaneko J J, Harvey J W and Bruss M L (ed). Clinical Biochemistry of Animals. 5th edn. San Diego: Academic Press; 1997. p. 619–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012396305-5/50024-5

  • Friedman LS, Brautbar N, Barach P, Wolfe A, Richter ED. Creatine phosphate kinase elevations signaling muscle damage following exposures to anticholinesterases: 2 sentinel patients. Archives of Environmental Health. 2003; 58(3):167–71. PMid: 14535577. https://doi.org/10.3200/AEOH.58.3.167-171

  • Finco DR. Kidney function. Kaneko J J (ed). Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 5th edn. San Diego: Academic Press; 1989. p. 447–84.

  • Brar RS, Sandhu HS, Singh A. Veterinary clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods. New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana; 2000.


Abstract Views: 150

PDF Views: 0




  • Toxic Effects of Sub-chronic Oral Exposure of Imidacloprid on Biochemical Parameters in Buffalo Calves

Abstract Views: 150  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Tsewang Dorjay
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141 004, Punjab,, India
Rajdeep Kaur
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141 004, Punjab,, India
S. P. S. Saini
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141 004, Punjab,, India
H . S. Sandhu
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana – 141 004, Punjab,, India

Abstract


Imidacloprid, is a highly effective and widely used neonicotinoid insecticide for crop protection and veterinary pest control, which has gained a major market control in the past several years. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the toxic potential of imidacloprid in buffalo calves when administered for prolonged periods. Evaluation of various biochemical markers of hepatic, renal and muscular injury was done using standardized procedures. Oral administration of imidacloprid (@ 0.5 mg/kg/day; 90 days) in male buffalo calves, produced varying degrees of nasal discharge, lachrymal discharge, lethargy and weakness. Imidacloprid exposure caused a significant increase in the levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (12.3%), alanine aminotransferase (172.2%), lactate dehydrogenase (13.7%), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (57.5%), alkaline phosphatase (37.2%), acid phosphatase (220.0%), blood urea nitrogen (148.4%), creatinine (5.22%) and cholesterol (68.9%). However, no significant changes were observed in the enzymatic activity of creatine kinase, plasma cholinesterase as well as total protein and glucose levels.

Keywords


Biochemical, Buffalo Calves, Imidacloprid, Subchronic.

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/ti%2F2020%2Fv27i3%264%2F22489