Characterization of Cadmium Doped Zinc in Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulphide Cu2znsns4 (CZTS) Absorber Material for Solar Energy Application

Characterization of cadmium doped Zinc in copper-zinc-tin-sulphide (CZTS) absorber material for solar energy application was experimented in this research. Cadmium doped at various percentages was successfully deposited on sodalime glasses by spin coating technique. The samples were obtained by preparing Solution A containing copper acetate monohydrate CU(CH₃COO)₂.H₂O, Tin (ii) chloride SnCl₂ and Thiourea CH₄N₂S all dissolved in 5ml methoxyethanol and solution B contained cadmium acetate Cd(CH₃COO)₂, Zinc acetate ZnC₄H₆O₄ in 5ml methoxyethanol C₃H₈O₂ both are then mixed, this was repeated at various concentrations of Zinc acetate and cadmium acetate to get different ratio composition. The electrical measurement showed a p-type conductivity, resistivity ranges between (0.054-0.193) , carrier or bulk concentration range between (1.775×10^17--1.864×10¹⁹)/cm³ and mobility with the range of (2.473-551) cm²/vs at room temperature. The CZTS films prepared showed optical absorption coefficient between (2.87--299.932) m^-1 and an optical band gap between (1.35-1.76) eV, peak absorbance of 0.907 at visible region and peak optical conductivity of 0.895E+10 were obtained. The Copper-Zinc-Cadmium-Tin-Sulphide CZCTS films created has thickness range between (1-87) nm, and a calculated power conversion efficiency of (0.48-8.48) % and showed best properties for low and moderate cadmium composition and was considered excellent for solar energy application.