Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Knowledge, Attitude, Practices (KAP) of Metabolic Disorders in South Indian Population


Affiliations
1 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, SIMS College of Pharmacy, Guntur - 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
2 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
3 Department of Pharmacy, SIMS College of Pharmacy, Guntur - 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
 

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to perform the knowledge, attitude and perception of metabolic disorders (Hypothyroidism and Type II DM) in South Indian population. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the city of Vijayawada, South India to assess the KAP of the individuals towards the common conditions of Hypothyroidism and Type II DM using standard questionnaire and procedure. Results: A total of 980 houses were screened in a span of 1 year, resulting in 187 people living with thyroid disorders and 735 with Diabetes Mellitus. After passing through the selection criteria, we are left with 130 of Hypothyroid (H) and 456 of T2DM alone patients. Out of whom 55 were lost during follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16 version by using Chi-square test. Conclusion: Knowledge and perception of the individuals regarding the T2DM was found to be good compared to the Hypothyroidism. However, practicing them in their daily life is often found missing due to the rapid urbanization and less awareness created by counseling.


Keywords

Attitude, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypothyroidism, Knowledge, Practice
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Coller FA, Huggins CB. Effect of Hyperthyroidism upon Diabetes Mellitus: Striking improvement in Diabetes Mellitus from thyroidectomy. Ann of Surg. 1927; 86:877– 84. PMid: 17865795 PMCid: PMC1399508. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-192712000-00009.

  • Brenta G, Danzi S, Klein I, Potential therapeutic applications of thyroid hormone analogs. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 3(9):632–40. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpendmet0590.

  • Goglia F, Moreno M, Lanni A. Action of thyroid hormones at the cellular level: The mitochondrial target. FEBS Lett. 1999; 452(3):115–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00145793(99)00642-0.

  • Kadiyala R, Peter R, Okosieme OE. Thyroid dysfunction in patients with diabetes: Clinical implications and screening strategies. Int J Clin Pract. 2010; 64(8):1130–9. PMid: 20642711. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02376.x.

  • Kordonouri O, Maguire AM, Knip M, Schober E, Lorini R, Holl RW, et al., Other complications and associated conditions with diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2009; 10(12):204–10. PMid: 19754631. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00573.x.

  • Holl RW, Bohm B, Loos U, Grabert M, Heinze E, Homoki J. Thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents ith type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Effect of age, gender and HLA type. Horm Res. 1999; 52(3):113–8. PMid: 10725774. https://doi.org/10.1159/000023446.

  • Barker JM, Yu J, Yu L. Autoantibody subspecificity in type 1 diabetes: Risk for organ-specific autoimmunity clusters in distinct groups. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28(4):850–5. PMid: 15793184. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.4.850.

  • American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36(1):S11–66. PMid: 23264422 PMCid: PMC3537269. https://doi.org/10.2337/ dc13-S011.

  • Gray RS, Irvine WJ, Clarke BF. Screening for thyroid dysfunction in diabetics. Br Med J. 1979; 2(6202):1439. PMid: 519501 PMCid: PMC1597063. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.6202.1439-a.

  • Donckier JE. Endocrine diseases and diabetes. Text Book of Diabetes Mellitus. J. C. Pickup and G.Williams, eds. UK: Blackwell Publishing Co.; 2003; 27:21–7. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.21.1.27.

  • Stanicka S, K. Vondra K, Pelikanova T, Vlcek P, Hill , Zamrazil V. Insulin sensitivity and counter-regulatory hormones in Hypothyroidism and during thyroid hormone replacement therapy, Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005; 43(7):715–20. PMid: 16207130. https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2005.121.

  • Mitrou P, Raptis SA, Dimitriadis G. Insulin action in hyperthyroidism: A focus on muscle and adipose tissue. Endocr Rev. 2010; 31(5):663–79. PMid: 20519325. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0046.

  • Siegel K, Narayan KM, Kinra S. Finding a policy solution to India's diabetes epidemic. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008; 27:1077–90. PMid: 18607043. https://doi.org/10.1377/ hlthaff.27.4.1077.

  • Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998; 15(7):539–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)10969136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S.

  • Annika L. How much can a KAP survey tell us about people's knowledge, attitudes and practices? Some observations from medical anthropology research on malaria in pregnancy in Malawi. Anthropol Matters J. 2009; 11(1):1–12.

  • Unnikrishnan AG, Menon UV. Thyroid disorders in India: An epidemiological perspective. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 15:78–81. PMid: 21966658 PMCid: PMC3169866. https://doi.org/10.4103/22308210.83329.

  • Unnikrishnan AG, Kalra S, Sahay RK, Bantwal G, John M, Tewari N, et al., Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in adults: An epidemiological study in eight cities of India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 17:647–52. PMid: 23961480 PMCid: PMC3743364. https://doi.org/10.4103/22308210.113755.

  • Jayakumar RV. Hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome. Thyroid Research and Practice. 2013; 10(4):1–2.

  • Radaideh ARN, Nusier MK, Amari FL, Bateiha AE, El-Khateeb MS, Naser AS, et al., Thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Jordan. Saudi Medical Journal. 2004: 25(8):1046–50.

  • Hegedüs L. The Thyroid Nodule. New Engl J Med. 2004; 351(17):1764–71. PMid: 15496625. https://doi.org/10.1056/ NEJMcp031436.

  • Meng Z, Liu M, Zhang Q, Li K, Kun S, et al., Gender and age impacts on the association between thyroid function and metabolic syndrome in Chinese, Medicine (Baltimore). 2015; 94(50):2193. PMid: 26683929 PMCid: PMC5058901. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002193.

  • Tehrani FR, Tohidi M, Dovom MR. A population based study on the association of thyroid status with components of the metabolic syndrome. Journal Diabetes Metab. 2011; 02(8). https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6156.1000156.

  • Rai S, Sirohi S, Khatri AK, Dixit S, Saroshe S. Assessment of knowledge and awareness regarding thyroid disorders among women of a cosmopolitan city of Central India. Ntl J Community Med. 2016; 7(3):219–22.

  • Sethi B, Khandelwal D, Vyas U. A cross-sectional survey to assess knowledge, attitude and practices in patients with Hypothyroidism in India. Thyroid Res Pract. 2018; 15:15– 22. https://doi.org/10.4103/trp.trp_25_17.

  • Singh A, Sachan B, Malik NP, Sharma VK, Verma N, Singh CP. Knowledge, Awareness aAnd Practices (KAP) among patients with thyroid swelling attending cytology clinic in a medical college. Meerut. Scholars J Appl Med Sci. 2013; 1:793–5.

  • Alqurashi KA, Aljabri KS, Bokhari SA. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a Saudi community. Ann Saudi Med. 2011; 31(1):19–23. PMid: 21245594 PMCid: PMC3101719. https://doi.org/10.4103/0256-4947.75773.

  • Al-Nozha MM, Al-Maatouq MA, Al-Mazrou YY, Al-Harthi SS, Arafah MR, Khalil MZ, et al., Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J. 2004; 25(11):1603–10.

  • Hamadeh RR. Noncommunicable diseases among the Bahraini population: A review. East Mediterr Health J. 2000; 6:1091–7.

  • Al-Lawati JA, Al Riyami AM, Mohammed AJ, Jousilahti P. Increasing prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Oman. Diabet Med. 2002; 19:954–7. PMid: 12421434. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00818.x.

  • Minmini S, Suvetha K. Focus on primary prevention: A study on awareness of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications among offsprings of diabetes patients. Nat J Res Community Med. 2016; 5(4):196–201.

  • Foma MA, Saidu Y1, Omoleke SA, Jafali J. Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus among diabetic patients in the Gambia: A strong case for health education and promotion. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13:1124. PMid: 24304618 PMCid: PMC3913398. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1124.

  • Al Shafaee M, Al-Shukaili S, Rizvi S, Al Farsi Y, Khan M, Ganguly S, et al., Knowledge and perceptions of diabetes in a semi-urban Omani population. BMC Public Health. 2008; 8(1):249.PMid: 18644163 PMCid: PMC2517595. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-249.

  • Avi B, Colford J. Prevalence and treatment of diabetes in rural Tanzania. Stephenson R, Hennink M, ed. Asia Pac Pop J. Vol. 19. Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley; 2012; 2004:5–26.

  • Han C, He X, Xia X, Li Y, Shi X, Shan Z, et al.,, Subclinical Hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015; 10(8):e0135233.PMid: 26270348 PMCid: PMC4535849. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135233.

  • Junik R, Kozinski M, Debska-Kozinska K. Thyroid ultrasound in diabetic patients without overt thyroid disease, Acta Radiologica. 2006; 47(7):687–91. PMid: 16950706. https://doi.org/10.1080/02841850600806308.

  • Wang C. The relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and related thyroid diseases. J Diabetes Res. 2013; 2013:390534. PMid: 23671867 PMCid: PMC3647563. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/390534


Abstract Views: 402

PDF Views: 156




  • Knowledge, Attitude, Practices (KAP) of Metabolic Disorders in South Indian Population

Abstract Views: 402  |  PDF Views: 156

Authors

P. Aravinda Swami
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, SIMS College of Pharmacy, Guntur - 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
R. T. Saravana Kumar
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar – 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
Manohar Babu Sitty
Department of Pharmacy, SIMS College of Pharmacy, Guntur - 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract


Objective: The main objective of the present study was to perform the knowledge, attitude and perception of metabolic disorders (Hypothyroidism and Type II DM) in South Indian population. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the city of Vijayawada, South India to assess the KAP of the individuals towards the common conditions of Hypothyroidism and Type II DM using standard questionnaire and procedure. Results: A total of 980 houses were screened in a span of 1 year, resulting in 187 people living with thyroid disorders and 735 with Diabetes Mellitus. After passing through the selection criteria, we are left with 130 of Hypothyroid (H) and 456 of T2DM alone patients. Out of whom 55 were lost during follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16 version by using Chi-square test. Conclusion: Knowledge and perception of the individuals regarding the T2DM was found to be good compared to the Hypothyroidism. However, practicing them in their daily life is often found missing due to the rapid urbanization and less awareness created by counseling.


Keywords


Attitude, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypothyroidism, Knowledge, Practice

References





DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/ajprhc%2F2021%2F26382