Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

A Study on the Histological and Biochemical Effects of Long-Term Exposure of 4G LTE Radiation Emitted by Mobile Phone on The Liver of Wistar Rats


Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, GSL Medical College Rajahmundry, NH16, Lakshmi Puram, Rajahmundry - 533296, Andhra Pradesh, India
2 Professor & Head of Department, Department of Anatomy SSMCRI, Ammapettai, Chengalpet Taluk, Kancheepuram District, Nellikuppam - 603108, Tamil Nadu, India
3 Professor & Head of Department, Department of Pathology, GSL Medical College Rajahmundry, NH16, Lakshmi Puram, Rajahmundry - 533296, Andhra Pradesh, India
 

Every modern technology has two faces. On the brighter side, the mobile phone has become the most essential part of modern life and is playing a very vital role in the life of the human being from womb to the tomb. Most of the people are engaged with them totally to thrive their daily needs .On the other side they are harmful to the human life as they produce thermal and non thermal stress and they can also be carcinogenic and may lead to neural disorders on long run. According to a research they even effect the environment by producing the non-ionising radiation. There were studies evidencing extinction of some species of birds. Most of the earlier studies were based on 2G and 3G radiation effects ,very few had given an account of the effects of 4G mobile phone radiation so in this study 4G mobile phone with band width 800-2700 MHZ is used for 96 min/day for 6 months by means of an WhatsApp video call on the Wistar male rats and their effects on the liver were found to be that there causes an inflammation ranging from mild to moderate, congestion of the vessels, Kupffer cell granuloma histologically and biochemical there showed a increase in the levels of Total bilirubin, Direct bilirubin, SGPT& AlKP with a decrease in the levels of SGOT. The results display that 4G mobile radiations may have a adverse effects on the liver.

Keywords

Effects, Liver, Mobile Phone, Radiation, Wistar Rats
User
Notifications
Font Size

  • Abdolmaleki A, Sanginabadi F, Rajabi A, Saberi R. The Effect of Electromagnetic waves exposure on blood parameters. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Rest of the examination is unchanged from previous evaluation. 2012; 6(2); 13–16.

  • AbuBakr-El Bedwi,Attall F EL-Kott Mohamedsaad and Eman Eid. Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation produced by mobile phones on some visceral Organs of Rat. J. Med. Sci.. 2011; 11(6): 256–2 https://doi.org/10.3923/ jms.2011.256.260

  • AL-Khlawi J, Meo, SA. Association of mobile phone Radiation with fatigue, headache, dizziness, tension and sleep disturbances in Saudi population. Saudi Med J. 2004; 25(6): 732–736.

  • Boris D, Sokolovi D,Kristi D ,Petkovi D, Jovanovi J, Muratovi M .Biochemical and histopathological effects of mobile phone exposure on rat hepatocytes and brain. ActaMedicaMedianae. 2010; 49(1): 37–42.

  • Elizabeth M. Brunt. Grading and staging the histopathological lesions of chronic hepatitis: The Knodell Histological index and beyond Hepatology; 2000: 31(1): 241–2 https:// doi.org/10.1002/hep.510310136

  • Guidelines for limiting exposure to time varying Electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (upto 300-4Ghz) health physics. 1998; 74(4): 494–522.

  • Imam Hasan, Mohammad R. Islam. Biochemical and histopathological effects of mobile phone radiation on the liver of Swiss albino mice. Eur J Anat. 2020; 24(4): 257–261.

  • Effects of Mobile Phones on Children’s Health [Internet] https://innohealthmagazine.com/. 2021 [cited 17 April 2021]. Available from: https://innohealthmagazine.com/2019/well-being/effects-mobile-phones/

  • International commission on Non-ionizing Radiation protection, Review of the scientific evidence on dosimetry biological effects, epidemiological observations and health consequences concerning exposure to high frequency electromagnetic fields (100khz-300kgh), 2009; Germany ICNIRP161.

  • Knodell R.G, Ishak K.G, Black W.C. Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology. 1981; 1: 431–4 https://doi.org/10.1002/ hep.1840010511

  • K, Almasiova V, Cigankova V, Benova K, Racekova E, Martoncikova M. Structural and Ultrastructural Study of Rat Liver Influenced by Electromagnetic Radiation. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A. 2015; 78(6): 353–3 https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2014.979272

  • Merhan Mamdouh Ragy. Effect of exposure and withdrawal of 900-MHz-electromagnetic waves on brain, Kidney and Liver Oxidative Stress and some biochemical parameters in male rats. Electromagn Biol Med. 2015; 34(4). https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2014.906446

  • N. Mugunthan, J. Anbalgan, S. Meenachi. Structural changes observed in mice liver due to chronic Exposure of 1900-2200MHZRadiations Emitted from mobile phone. Int. J. Anat Res. 2019; 7(1.3): 6254–https://doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2018.438

  • N. Mugunthan, K. Shanmugasamy, J. Anbalgan, S. Meenachi. Longterm exposure of 900-1900 MHZ mobile phone radiation on mice liver. A histological study. Natl J Clin Anat. 2016; 5(4): 196–2 https://doi.org/10.4103/22774025.297724

  • Ozgur,Elcin; Guler, Gokhur; Kismali, Gurkhan; Seyham,Nescrin. Mobile phone radiation alters proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2014; 70(2) 983–9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-014-0007-4

  • Ryan Gorman, (March2014) http://www.dailymail.co.uk// news/article-2591148/

  • Samta Sharma, Anjali sharma and Sangeeta Shukla. Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on Vital Organs in Rats. Octa J. Biosci. 2017; 5(1): 1–4.

  • Sani A, Labaran MM,Dayyabu B. Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation of mobile phones on heamatological and biochemical parameters in male Albinorats. Eur Exp Biol. 2018; 8(2): https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100052

  • Shahrbanoo Ghaedi, Kargar Jahromi Hossein, Farzam Mohammad, Azhdari Sara, Mahmoudi Teimourabad Saeid, Bathaee Hamid. Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation on Liver Enzymes in Immature Male Rats. Advances in Environmental Biology. 2013; 7(6): 1133–1137.

  • Scheuer P. J. Changing views on chronic hepatitis, histopathology; 1910: 1–https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1986.tb02455.x

  • Sultan Ayoub Meo, Muhammad Arif, Shahzad Rashied, Sufia Husain, Muhammad M. Khan, Abeer A. Al Masri, Muhammad S. Vohra, Adnan M. Usmani, Ashraf Husain, Abdul M. Al-Drees. Morphological changes induced by mobile phone radiation in liver and pancreas in Wistar albino rats. Eur J Anat. 2010; 14 (3): 105–109.

  • Usikalu M. R., Rotimi S. O. & Achuka J. A. Effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the rats’ liver. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering). 2016; 78: 6–7: 19 https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v78.9078


Abstract Views: 225

PDF Views: 118




  • A Study on the Histological and Biochemical Effects of Long-Term Exposure of 4G LTE Radiation Emitted by Mobile Phone on The Liver of Wistar Rats

Abstract Views: 225  |  PDF Views: 118

Authors

Arjilli Vamsy
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, GSL Medical College Rajahmundry, NH16, Lakshmi Puram, Rajahmundry - 533296, Andhra Pradesh, India
V. Sathia Lakshmi
Professor & Head of Department, Department of Anatomy SSMCRI, Ammapettai, Chengalpet Taluk, Kancheepuram District, Nellikuppam - 603108, Tamil Nadu, India
T. Satya Prakash Venkatachalam
Professor & Head of Department, Department of Pathology, GSL Medical College Rajahmundry, NH16, Lakshmi Puram, Rajahmundry - 533296, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract


Every modern technology has two faces. On the brighter side, the mobile phone has become the most essential part of modern life and is playing a very vital role in the life of the human being from womb to the tomb. Most of the people are engaged with them totally to thrive their daily needs .On the other side they are harmful to the human life as they produce thermal and non thermal stress and they can also be carcinogenic and may lead to neural disorders on long run. According to a research they even effect the environment by producing the non-ionising radiation. There were studies evidencing extinction of some species of birds. Most of the earlier studies were based on 2G and 3G radiation effects ,very few had given an account of the effects of 4G mobile phone radiation so in this study 4G mobile phone with band width 800-2700 MHZ is used for 96 min/day for 6 months by means of an WhatsApp video call on the Wistar male rats and their effects on the liver were found to be that there causes an inflammation ranging from mild to moderate, congestion of the vessels, Kupffer cell granuloma histologically and biochemical there showed a increase in the levels of Total bilirubin, Direct bilirubin, SGPT& AlKP with a decrease in the levels of SGOT. The results display that 4G mobile radiations may have a adverse effects on the liver.

Keywords


Effects, Liver, Mobile Phone, Radiation, Wistar Rats

References