ANWESH: International Journal of Management & Information Technology

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Major Issues and Challenges of Women Entrepreneurship in India - A Literature Review


Affiliations
1 Assistant Professor, K.L.E. Society’s Institute of Management Studies and Research, BVB Campus, Vidyanagar, Hubli & Research Scholar, Kousali Institute of Management Studies, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
2 Professor and Research Guide, Kousali Institute of Management Studies, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


There has certainly been a drastic evolution in the meadow of economy in the contemporaneous globalized era of today. In developing countries as the escalating stars of the economies have decided to essentially bring fortune and safety of women entrepreneurs which have been considered and nominated as innovative devices for overall development. For overall optimization significant economic and social living index has manifold women entrepreneurial activity thus enhances a progress for the overall rights of women. As such women entrepreneurship is also synonymous along with women empowerment. Parallel to male counterpart’s female entrepreneurs are quite catalytic with respect to innovation, creation of jobs and also provide more than tangible contribution to gross national product of the nation. For entrepreneurship to flourish and excel innovation works as a catalyst. Women entrepreneurs have just recently emerged, giving them an endangered viewpoint in the world of business, but their involvement in entrepreneurial activity is still severely limited. Leaders especially women are always assertive, readily apt to take uneven risks and persuasive in nature and have managed themselves to survive and succeed in this cut throat competition with hard work, diligence and perseverance. Indian women entrepreneurs are known for their ability to learn rapidly, be persuasive, have an open problem-solving attitude, be ready to take risks and chances, be able to encourage others, and know how to win and lose graciously. Due to Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization, the world is changing at a breakneck speed, presenting new opportunities and major difficulties for women. For tracing the rise of women entrepreneurs in India, sex disaggregated databases on women entrepreneurship produced by the Government of India and other such worldwide publications are primarily analysed. The rising continuous presence of women in the business field has significantly altered the demographic features of business and economic growth in the country. comAs a result of the synthesis of a thorough examination of literature, a diverse profile of women entrepreneurs in India has emerged. Women entrepreneurs are a diverse collection of people that come from various age groups and demographic origins. Throughout the process of establishing and operating their businesses, people face a variety of gender-specific and gender-neutral obstacles. Women’s entrepreneurial activity is centred in Kerala, Tamilnadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra, according to the research. As a result, there is an immediate need to understand policy imperatives and substantial initiatives that might help India’s women entrepreneurs thrive in a perilous climate.

Keywords

Demography, Economic growth, Entrepreneurial activities, Women entrepreneurship.
User
Subscription Login to verify subscription
Notifications
Font Size

  • H. Aldrich, and C. Zimmer, “Entrepreneurship through social networks,” in D. L. Sexten, and R. W. Smilor (Eds.), The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship, vol. 3, p. 24. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1986. Ballinger Publishing Company, and R. S. Burt, “The network entrepreneurs,” in R. Swedberg (Ed.), Entrepreneurship: The Social Sciences View, pp. 281-307, 2000. Oxford University Press, and M. Granovetter, “Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness,” American Journal of Sociology, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 481-510, 1985. M. S. Gransovetter, “The strength of the weak ties,” American Journal of Sociology, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 1360-1380, 1973.

  • R. Al-Sadi, R. Belwal, and R. Al-Badi, “Woman entrepreneurship in the Al-Batinah region of Oman: An identification of the barriers,” Journal of International Women’s Studies, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 58-75, 2013.

  • All India Report of Sixth Economic Census of India, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://www.mospi.gov.in/all-india-report-sixth-economic-census

  • Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India. Annual Report 2016-2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.wcd.nic.in/sites/default/files/FINAL%20WCD_AR_English%202016-17.pdf

  • Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government of India. Annual Report 2015-2016. [Online]. Available: https://msme.gov.in/sites/default/files/MEME%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%202015-16%20ENG. pdf

  • Assessing the Enabling Environment for Women in Growth Enterprises: An AfDB/ILO Integrated Framework Assessment Guide, ILO: Geneva, 2007.

  • H. P. Bulsara et al., “Women entrepreneurship in India: A case study of phoenix soft toys creation,” PCTE Journal of Business Management, vol. 6, no. 1, 2009.

  • H. P. Bulsara et al., “Techno-innovation to techno entrepreneurship through technology business incubation in India: An exploratory study,” Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, vol. 3, no. 1, 2009.

  • W. J. Baumol, R. E. Litan, and C. J. Schramm, Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism, and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2007.

  • N. Bharti, “Financial system approaches to microenterprise development: A comparison of SHG Bank linkage and MFI model in Maharashtra,” International Journal of Rural Management, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 121-145, 2014.

  • D. D. Bowen, and R. D. Hirsch, “The female entrepreneur: A career development perspective,” Academy of Management Review, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 393-407, 1986.

  • A. Bruni, S. Gherardi, and B. Poggio, “Entrepreneur-mentality, gender and the study of women entrepreneurs,” Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 256, 2004.

  • Booz and Company, Empowering the Third Billion: Women and the World of Work in 2012, 2012.

  • R. Cantillon, Essai Sur la Nature du Commerce en General. London: Fetcher Gyler, 1755.

  • M. Casson, The Entrepreneur: An Economic Theory. Oxford: Martin Robertson, 1982.

  • K. S. Chandra, Development of Women Entrepreneurship in India: A Study of Public Policies & Programmes. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1991.

  • P. M. Charantimath, Entrepreneurship Development and Small Business Enterprise. India: Pearson Education, 2005.

  • T. C. Cochran, “Entrepreneurship,” in D. L. Sills (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, London and New York: The Macmillan Co. & The Free Press, 1968, pp. 87-91.

  • J. H. Coughlin, and A. R. Thomas, The Rise of Women Entrepreneurs: People, Processes, and Global Trends. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002.

  • M. Das, “Women entrepreneurs from Southern India: An exploratory study,” Journal of Entrepreneurship, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 147-163, 1999.

  • S. K. Dhameja, Women Entrepreneurs: Opportunities, Performance and Problems. India: Deep and Deep Publications, 2002.

  • S. K. Dhameja, B. S. Bhatia, and J. S. Saini, “Women entrepreneurs – their perceptions, about business opportunities and attitudes towards entrepreneurial support agencies (A study of Haryana state),” Small Enterprises Development Management Extension Journal, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 37-50, 2000.

  • P. F. Drucker, “The big power of little ideas,” Harvard Business Review, vol. 42, no. 3, p. 6, 1964.

  • Final Report of Second All India Census of MSME (1992). [Online]. Available: http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/ito_msme/secondPercent20CencusPercent20S&DPercent20Division.pdf

  • Final Report of Third All India Census of MSME (2001-02). [Online]. Available: http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/ssiindia/census/ch11.htm

  • Final Report of Fourth All India Census of MSME Unregistered Sector (2006-07). [Online]. Available: http://dcmsme.gov.in/publications/FinalPercent 20ReportPercent20ofPercent20Fourth

  • Final Report of Fourth All India Census of MSMEs in Registered Sector (2006-07). [Online]. Available: http:// www.dcmsme.gov.in/publications/FinalReport010711.pdf

  • R. Ganesan, D. Kaur, and R. C. Maheshwari, “Women entrepreneurs: Problems and prospects,” The Journal of Entrepreneurship, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 75-93, 2002.

  • Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2015-16) GEM 2015-16 Global Report. [Online]. Available: http://www.gemconsortium.org/report/49480

  • Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Report on Women’s Entrepreneurship (2016-17). [Online]. Available: gemconsortium.org/report/49860. Government of India, 2012. SSI in India: Definitions. Development Commissioner (MSME), Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises.

  • D. D. Gupta, “The effect of gender on women-led small enterprises: The case of India,” South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 61-75, 2013.

  • E. Hagen, “The entrepreneurs as rebel against traditional society,” Human Organization, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 185-187, 1960.

  • U., Jerinabi, and G. Santhiyavalli, “Empowerment of women through convergence technology,” Delhi Business Review, vol. 2, no. 2, 2001.

  • F. H. Knight, Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Boston and New-York: Houghton Mifflin, 1921.

  • S. M. Kumar, H. S. C. Mohan, C. Vijaya, and N. Lokeshwari, “The role of women entrepreneurship in modern world,” International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, pp. 100-104, 2013.

  • H. Leibenstein, “Entrepreneurship and development,” American Economic Review, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 72-83, 1968.

  • D. C. McClelland, The Achieving Society. Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand Co., 1961.

  • S. Munshi, A. Munshi, and V. P. Singh, “A study on trends visible in women entrepreneur in India and globally,” Asia Pacific Business Review, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 155-166, 2011.

  • A. E. Ogidi, “Women entrepreneurship and poverty reduction,” Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2014.

  • S. Panandikar, “Women entrepreneurs: Problems and potentials,” The Economic Times, p. 5, Dec. 26, 1985.

  • M. Patole, and O. Ruthven, “Metro moneylenders - Microcredit providers for Delhi are poor,” Small Enterprise Development, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 36-45, 2002.

  • C. H. Rao, “Promotion of women entrepreneurship” Sedme, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 21-28, 1991.

  • Report on Opportunities, Challenges and the Way Forward (2014). Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Finance: Improving Access to Finance for Women Owned Businesses in India. International Finance Corporation. [Online]. Available: https://www.ifc.org?wps/wcm/connect/.../Womenownedbusiness1.pdf?MOD=AJPERES

  • J. B. Say, A Treatise on Political Economy, 3rd US ed. Philadelphia: John Grigg, 1803.

  • C. J. Schramm, The Entrepreneurial Imperative. New York: Collins, 2006.

  • J. A. Schumpeter, The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1934.

  • H. Shah, “Creating an Enabling Environment for Women’s Entrepreneurship in India (Development Papers, 1304),” United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, 2013.

  • S. Singh, and S. C. Saxena, “Women entrepreneurs of Eastern UP: Challenges and strategies of empowerment,” Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 67-78, 2000.

  • P. Sinha, “Women entrepreneurship in the North East India: Motivation, social support and constraints,” Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 425-443, 2003.

  • J. Suganthi, “Influence of motivational factors on women entrepreneurs in SMEs,” Asia Pacific Business Review, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 95-104, 2009.

  • Summary of Annual Five Year Plans of India. [Online]. Available: http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/annu alplan/index.php?state=aplsbody.htm

  • Female Entrepreneurship Index (2015). The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute, Washington DC.

  • M. D. Vinze, Women Entrepreneurs in India: A Socio-Economic Study of Delhi, 1975-85. India: Mittal Publications, 1987.

  • M. Weber, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. New York: Free Press, 1947.

  • R. Vishwanathan, Opportunities and Challenges for Women in Business. India Together, 2001, pp. 1-6.

  • Womenable (2010). Innovation and Women’s Entrepreneurship: An Exploration of Current Knowledge to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.


Abstract Views: 175

PDF Views: 0




  • Major Issues and Challenges of Women Entrepreneurship in India - A Literature Review

Abstract Views: 175  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Jayadatta S.
Assistant Professor, K.L.E. Society’s Institute of Management Studies and Research, BVB Campus, Vidyanagar, Hubli & Research Scholar, Kousali Institute of Management Studies, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
Shivappa
Professor and Research Guide, Kousali Institute of Management Studies, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India

Abstract


There has certainly been a drastic evolution in the meadow of economy in the contemporaneous globalized era of today. In developing countries as the escalating stars of the economies have decided to essentially bring fortune and safety of women entrepreneurs which have been considered and nominated as innovative devices for overall development. For overall optimization significant economic and social living index has manifold women entrepreneurial activity thus enhances a progress for the overall rights of women. As such women entrepreneurship is also synonymous along with women empowerment. Parallel to male counterpart’s female entrepreneurs are quite catalytic with respect to innovation, creation of jobs and also provide more than tangible contribution to gross national product of the nation. For entrepreneurship to flourish and excel innovation works as a catalyst. Women entrepreneurs have just recently emerged, giving them an endangered viewpoint in the world of business, but their involvement in entrepreneurial activity is still severely limited. Leaders especially women are always assertive, readily apt to take uneven risks and persuasive in nature and have managed themselves to survive and succeed in this cut throat competition with hard work, diligence and perseverance. Indian women entrepreneurs are known for their ability to learn rapidly, be persuasive, have an open problem-solving attitude, be ready to take risks and chances, be able to encourage others, and know how to win and lose graciously. Due to Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization, the world is changing at a breakneck speed, presenting new opportunities and major difficulties for women. For tracing the rise of women entrepreneurs in India, sex disaggregated databases on women entrepreneurship produced by the Government of India and other such worldwide publications are primarily analysed. The rising continuous presence of women in the business field has significantly altered the demographic features of business and economic growth in the country. comAs a result of the synthesis of a thorough examination of literature, a diverse profile of women entrepreneurs in India has emerged. Women entrepreneurs are a diverse collection of people that come from various age groups and demographic origins. Throughout the process of establishing and operating their businesses, people face a variety of gender-specific and gender-neutral obstacles. Women’s entrepreneurial activity is centred in Kerala, Tamilnadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, and Maharashtra, according to the research. As a result, there is an immediate need to understand policy imperatives and substantial initiatives that might help India’s women entrepreneurs thrive in a perilous climate.

Keywords


Demography, Economic growth, Entrepreneurial activities, Women entrepreneurship.

References