The Asian Journal of Animal Science

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) as Cryoprotectant in Semen Extender:A New Approach


Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidhyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, MATHURA (U.P), India
2 College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidhyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, MATHURA (U.P), India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Semen cryopreservation a technique for long-term storage of sperm cell supplements Artificial Insemination (AI) to enhances its efficiency for widespread dissipation of superior germplasm. These two techniques together open up new opportunities for breed improvement in country.Semen cryopreservation needs extender essential for sperm survival and storage at extreme low temperature (-196°C). Being an important component of cryopreservative process, semen extenders have been continuously studied and revised from time to time for improved post thaw semen quality. Egg yolk is a very well known cryoprotectant that protects plasma membrane during cryopreservation. Various components of EY have been investigated to identify the most active component(s) responsible for its protective effect and role of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in egg yolkhas been widely acceptedas membrane stabilizers. Simultaneously, there have been increasing demands to replace whole egg yolk in semen extenders because of the presence of substances in yolk that inhibit respiration of spermatozoa or diminish their motility, acrosomalintrigity and fertilizing ability. Based on the knowledge that the cryoprotectant effect of egg yolk is derived from the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction, this component is now being extracted studied and added to the extender as an replacement of egg yolkand has shown promising results. So,taking into accountthe fact that LDL could be a better alternative for egg yolk as cryoprotectant in semen extenderfor better post thaw semen quality and improved conception rate in farm animals.

Keywords

Goats, Cryopreservation, Egg Yolk, Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), Semen.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Akhter, S., Ansari, M.S., Rakha, B.A., Andrabi, S.M.H., Khalid, M. and Ullah, N. (2011). Effect of low density lipoproteins in extender on freezability and fertility of buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) bull semen. Theriogenology,76: 759–764.

  • Anand, M., Yadav, S. and Shukla, P. (2014).Cryoprotectant in semen extender: From egg yolk to low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Livestock. Res. Internat.,2(3): 48-53.

  • Banaszak, L., Sharrock, W. and Timmins, P. (1991). Structure and function of a lipoprotein: lipovitellin. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Chem., 20 : 221–246.

  • Bellin, M.E.,Oyarzo, J.N., Hawkins, H.E., Zhang, H., Smith, R.G., Forrest, D.W., Sprott, L.R. and Ax, R.L. (1998). Fertility-associated antigen on bull sperm indicates fertility potential. J. Anim. Sci., 76: 2032–2039.

  • Bergeron, A., Crete, M.H., Brindle, Y. and Manjunath, P. (2004). Low-density lipoprotein fraction from hen’s egg yolk decreases the binding of the major proteins of bovine seminal plasma to sperm and prevents lipid efflux from the sperm membrane. Biol. Reprod.,70 : 708–717.

  • daSilvaa, M.C., de Oliveira Mouraa, L.C., Vaz de Melob, M.I., Vaz de MeloMambrinic, J., Nevesd, M.M., Henrye, M.R.J.M. and das NevesSnoecka, P.P. (2014). Prolonged post cooling but not pre-cooling equilibrium length improves the viability of ram sperm cryopreserved in an extender containing low-density lipoproteins. Small Rum. Res., 119: 88–95.

  • Diego Moreno, D.,Djemil Bencharif, D., Amirat-Briand, L., Neira, A., Destrumelle, S. and Tainturier, D. (2013). Preliminary Results: The advantages of low-density lipoproteins for the cryopreservation of equine semen. J. Equi. Vet. Sci., 33: 1068-1075.

  • Hevonoja, T., Pentikainen, M.O., Hyvonen, M.T., Kovanen, P.T. and Ala-Korpela, M. (2000). Structure of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles: basis for understanding molecular changes in modified LDL .Biochim. Biophys. Acta.,1488: 189-210.

  • Holt, W.V. (2000). Basic aspects of frozen storage of semen. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 62: 3–22.

  • Hu, J.H., Li, Q.W., Zan, L.S., Jiang, Z.L., An, J.H., Wang, L.Q. and Jia, Y.H. (2010). The cryoprotective effect of low-density lipoproteins in extenders on bull spermatozoa following freezing–thawing. Anim. Reprod. Sci.,117: 11–17.

  • Iaffaldano, N., Di Iorio, M. and Rosato, M.P. (2012). The cryoprotectant used, its concentration, and the equilibration time are critical for the successful cryopreservation of rabbit sperm: dimethylacetamide versus dimethylsulfoxide. Theriogenology,78 : 1381–1389.

  • Iaffaldano, N., Di Iorio, M., Rosato, M.P. and Manchisi, A. (2014). Cryopreservation of rabbit semen using non-permeable cryoprotectants: Effectiveness of different concentrations of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from egg yolk versus egg yolk or sucrose. Anim. Reprod. Sci.,151: 220–228.

  • Jiang, Z.L., Li, Q.W., Li, W.Y., Hu, J.H., Zhao, H.W. and Zhang, S.S. (2007). Effect of low density lipoprotein on DNA integrity of freezing–thawing boar sperm by neutral comet assay. Anim. Reprod. Sci.,99: 401–407.

  • Kampshmidt, R.F., Mayer, D.T. and Herman, H.A. (1953). Lipid and lipoprotein constituents of egg yolk in the resistance and storage of bull spermatozoa. J Dairy Sci., 36: 733-742.

  • Kuksis, A. (1992). Yolk lipids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta.,1124: 205–222.

  • Kumar, R., Singh, V.K. and Atreja, S.K. (2014). Glutathione-S-transferase: Role in buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) sperm capacitation and cryopreservation. Theriogenology,81: 587–598.

  • Manjunath, P., Nauc, V., Bergeron, A. and Menard, M. (2002). Major proteins of bovine seminal plasma bind to the low-density lipoprotein fraction of hen’s egg yolk. Biol. Reprod.,67: 1250–1258.

  • McCully, K.A.,Mok, C.C. and Common, R.H. (1962). Paper electrophoresis characterization of proteins and lipoproteins of hen’s yolk. Can. J. Biochim. Physio.,40: 937– 952.

  • Moce, E. and Vicente, J.S. (2009). Rabbit sperm cryopreservation: a review. Anim. Reprod. Sci.,110: 1–24.

  • Moreno, D.,Bencharif, D., Amirat-Briand, L., Neira, A., Destrumelle, S. and Tainturier, D. (2013). Preliminary results: the advantages of low-density lipoproteins for the cryopreservation of equine semen. Equine Vet. Sci., 33: 1068–1075.

  • Moussa, M.,Martinet, V., Trimeche, A., Tainturier, D. and Anton, M. (2002). Low density lipoproteins extracted from hen egg yolk by an easy method: cryoprotective effect on frozen thawed bull semen. Theriogenology, 57 : 1695-1706.

  • Moustacas, V.S., Zaffalon, F.G., Lagares, M.A., Loaiza-Eccheverri, A.M., Varago, F.C., Neves, M.M., Heneine, L.G.D. and Arruda, R.P. (2011). Natural, but not lyophilized, low densitylypoproteins were an acceptable alternative to egg yolk for cryopreservation of ram semen. Theriogenology,75: 300–307.

  • Murtola, T., Vuorela, T.A., Hyvonen, M.T., Marrink, S.J., Karttunen, M. and Vattulainen, I. (2011). Low density lipoprotein: structure, dynamics, and interactions of apoB-100 with lipids. Soft matter, 18(7): 8135-8141.

  • Neves, M.M. (2008). Low density lipoproteins extraction from Gallus domesticusegg yolk and its application in canine sperm cryopreservation] Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.

  • Osawa, T. (2014). International perspectives on the impacts of reproductive technologies on food production in Asia. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 752: 213-228.

  • Pace, M.M. and Graham, E.F. (1974). Components in egg yolk which protect bovine spermatozoa during freezing. J. Anim. Sci., 39: 1144-1149.

  • Paoli, D., Lombardo, F., Lenzi, A. and Gandini, L. (2014). Sperm Cryopreservation: Effects on Chromatin Structure.Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 791: 137-150

  • Parks, J.E. and Graham, J.K. (1992). Effects of cryopreservation procedures on sperm membranes. Theriogenology, 38 : 209–222.

  • Perez-Cerezalesa, S.,Martínez-Páramob, S., Beiraoa, J. and M.P. Herráez. M.P. (2010). Evaluation of DNA damage as a quality marker for rainbow trout sperm cryopreservation and use of LDL as cryoprotectant. Theriogenology,74: 282–289.

  • Pilleta, E.,Duchampb, G., Batellierc, F., Beaumald, V., Antond, M., Deshercese, S., Schmitte, E. and Magistrinia, M. (2011). Egg yolk plasma can replace egg yolk in stallion freezing extenders. Theriogenology,75: 105–114.

  • Qiao-Xiang Dong, Q.X., Sarah E Rodenburg, S.E., Dana Hill, D., Catherine, A. and Voort, V. (2011). The role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in comparison with whole egg yolk for sperm cryopreservation in rhesus monkeys. Asia. J. Androl.,13: 459–464.

  • Raju, K.S. and Mahadevan, S. (1974). Isolation of hen’s egg yolk very low density lipoproteins by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Anal Biochem.,61: 538-547.

  • Rodriguez-Martinez, H. (2011). Assisted reproductive techniques for cattle breeding in developing countries: a critical appraisal of their value and limitations. Swedish Links Indonesia Symposia.

  • Rosato, M.P. and Iaffaldano, N. (2013). Cryopreservation of rabbit sem: com- paring the effects of different cryoprotectants, cryoprotectant-free vitrification, and the use of albumin plus osmoprotectants on sperm survival and fertility after standard vapor freezing and vitrification. Theriogenology, 79: 508–516.

  • Shahverdia, M., Sharafia, H., Gourabic, A., AmiriYektac, V., Esmaeilia, M. Sharbatoghli, E., Janzamin, M., Hajnasrollahi, F. and Mostafayi (2015). Fertility and flow cytometric evaluations of frozen-thawed rooster semen in cryopreservation medium containing low-density lipoprotein. Theriogenology,83:78–85.

  • Swain, J.E. and Smith, G.D. (2010).Cryoprotectants. In: Chian, R.C., Quinn, P. (Eds.), Fertility Cryopreservation. Cambridge University Press, New York. pp. 24–38.

  • Tonieto, R.A., Goularte, K.L., Gastal, G.D.A., Schiavon, R.S., Deschamps, J.C. and Lucia Jr, T. (2010). Cryoprotectant effect of trehalose and low-density lipoprotein in extenders for frozen ram semen. Small Rum. Res., 93: 206–209.

  • Van Wagtendonk-de Leeuw,A.M., Haring, R.M., Kaal-Lansbergen, L.M.T.E. and Den Daas, J.H.G. (2000). Fertility results using bovine semen cryopreserved with extenders based on egg yolk and soybean extract. Theriogenology,54: 57-67.

  • Varela Junior, A.S., Corcini, C.D., Ulguim, R.R., Alvarenga,M.V.F., Bianchi, I.,Correa, M.N., Lucia Jr., T. and Deschamps, J.C. (2009). Effect of low density lipoprotein on the quality of cryopreserved dog semen. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 115: 323–327.

  • Vera Munoz, O., Amirat-Briand, L., Diaz, T., Vasquez, L., Schmidt, E., Desherces, S., Anton, M., Bencharif, D. and Tainturier, D. (2009). Effect of semen dilution to low-sperm number per dose on motility and functionality of cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa using low-density lipoproteins (LDL) extender: comparison to Triladyl® and Bioxcell®. Theriogenology,71: 895–900.

  • Vishwanath, R., Shannon, P. and Curson, B. (1992). Cationic extracts of egg yolk and their effects on motility, survival and fertilizing ability of bull sperm. Anim. Reprod. Sci.,29:185–194.

  • Watson, P.F. (1981). The roles of lipid and protein in the protection of ram spermatozoa at 5, C by egg-yolk lipoprotein. J Reprod Fertil.,62: 483– 492.

  • Yamauchi, K.,Kurisaki, J. and Sasago, K. (1976). Polypeptide composition of hen’s yolk very low density lipoprotein. Agric. Biol. Chem., 40:1581-1586.


Abstract Views: 353

PDF Views: 0




  • Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) as Cryoprotectant in Semen Extender:A New Approach

Abstract Views: 353  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Mukul Anand
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidhyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, MATHURA (U.P), India
S. Yadav
College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidhyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, MATHURA (U.P), India
S. Vaswani
College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidhyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, MATHURA (U.P), India
P. K. Shukla
College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidhyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, MATHURA (U.P), India

Abstract


Semen cryopreservation a technique for long-term storage of sperm cell supplements Artificial Insemination (AI) to enhances its efficiency for widespread dissipation of superior germplasm. These two techniques together open up new opportunities for breed improvement in country.Semen cryopreservation needs extender essential for sperm survival and storage at extreme low temperature (-196°C). Being an important component of cryopreservative process, semen extenders have been continuously studied and revised from time to time for improved post thaw semen quality. Egg yolk is a very well known cryoprotectant that protects plasma membrane during cryopreservation. Various components of EY have been investigated to identify the most active component(s) responsible for its protective effect and role of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in egg yolkhas been widely acceptedas membrane stabilizers. Simultaneously, there have been increasing demands to replace whole egg yolk in semen extenders because of the presence of substances in yolk that inhibit respiration of spermatozoa or diminish their motility, acrosomalintrigity and fertilizing ability. Based on the knowledge that the cryoprotectant effect of egg yolk is derived from the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction, this component is now being extracted studied and added to the extender as an replacement of egg yolkand has shown promising results. So,taking into accountthe fact that LDL could be a better alternative for egg yolk as cryoprotectant in semen extenderfor better post thaw semen quality and improved conception rate in farm animals.

Keywords


Goats, Cryopreservation, Egg Yolk, Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), Semen.

References