Chemical Analysis Case Study of Underground Water in Hapur (West)

Underground water contamination is a kind of water pollution or water destruction, in which various contaminants unify together to degrade quality and nature of water. Present scenario most probably support the water contamination by the humans and up to less extent by the natural disasters. The major ions which are responsible to maintain the quality of ground water are carbonate (CO₃ ^2-) and bicarbonate (HCO₃ ^-), Chloride (Cl), Sulphate (SO₄ ^--), Nitrate (NO₃ ^--), Phosphate (PO₄ ^3-), and Fluoride (F^-). The above ions are present in the form of anions. These anions are in general maintain by the cations as Ca⁺⁺,Cu⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺. Among the above briefed ions Ca⁺⁺ and Mg++ are the ones which are responsible for the hardness of the water. These are found abundantly in the area, where manufacturing of chalk and limestone works take place. Water's hardness is determined by the concentration of multivalent cations in the water. This hard water if consumed by animals or humans lead to the terrific pathological conditions. Three water samples are collected from different locations of Pilkhuwa, District Hapur near to the location of the industry with limestone works, during summer. The ionic concentrations are expressed in mg/L.