Study of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus:A Brief Review

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is highly prevalent metabolic disorder varied in degrees of intensity starting with pregnancy or noticed during pregnancy. It is associated with maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. The prevalence of GDM is increasing worldwide and parallel to the increment in the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is essential to diagnose and treat GDM early, in order to reduce or avoid complications for mother and fetus. There is a lack of uniformity in screening and diagnosing GDM globally. This review covers the latest update in the diagnosis and management of GDM. Treatment must be individualized for best results, including a medical nutrition therapy supplementary diet and exercise. If these measures fail to control the blood glucose levels, the use of pharmacologic interventions should be initiated includes mainly Insulin and their analogs. Other oral antihyperglycemic agents such as Metformin and Glyburide are also discussed, in face of new facts regarding their safety and efficacy during pregnancy.