Open Access
Subscription Access
Open Access
Subscription Access
Recent Advances in Pharmacology and Toxicology of Phytopharmaceuticals
Subscribe/Renew Journal
Plants and plant products are directly associated with the existence of human race on earth. Plants are used in several systems of medicine in almost all countries of the world. Many of the medicinal plants have been explored and their contents have been extracted, isolated and identified using a combination of chromatographic and spectral methods. Some of the medicinal plants yield important chemical compounds with a good degree of biological activities. Such plants and chemical compounds find usage in medicine, agriculture, veterinary science, dental practice etc. The exact mechanism of action of most of phytopharmaceuticals is yet to be completely identified. Many people have reported adverse events with the usage of phytopharmaceuticals and their bioactive molecules. Phytopharmaceuticals also have a potential to cause interactions with food and drugs. In very few cases, phytopharmaceuticals may cause toxicity issues. It has been seen many a times, physicians are not aware of the phytopharmaceuticals available for management of certain diseases and disorders. It is expected more sophisticated omic technologies will be employed to sort out the issues concerning safety and efficacy of phytopharmaceuticals in therapeutic arena. It is prime time to present an overview of the issues related to the pharmacology and toxicology of phytopharmaceuticals.
Keywords
Phytopharmaceuticals, Pharmacology, Therapeutics, Safety, Efficacy and Toxicity.
Subscription
Login to verify subscription
User
Font Size
Information
- Evans WC (ed). Trease and Evans’ Pharmacognosy, Sixteenth Edition, Saunders-Elsevier, Edinburgh, 2009.
- Gebhardt R. In vitro screening of plant extracts and phytopharmaceuticals: novel approaches for the elucidation of active compounds and their mechanisms. Planta Med 2000; 66 (2):99-105.
- Klaas CA, Wagner G, Laufer S, et al. Studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of phytopharmaceuticals prepared from Arnica flowers. Planta Med 2002; 68 (5):385-91.
- de Barros Machado T, Leal IC, Kuster RM, et al. Brazilian phytopharmaceuticals--evaluation against hospital bacteria. Phytother Res 2005; 19 (6):519-25.
- Chaves SK, Feitosa CM, da SAL. Alkaloids Pharmacological Activities - Prospects for the Development of Phytopharmaceuticals for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2016; 17 (7):629-35.
- Petrini O. Clinical development of phytopharmaceuticals. Wien Med Wochenschr 2002; 152 (7-8):204-8.
- Einecke U. [Phytopharmaceuticals in general practice. Proven aids of the practitioner]. MMW Fortschr Med 2002; 144 (6):4-5.
- Kopp B. Phytopharmaceuticals--phytotherapy. Wien Med Wochenschr 2002; 152 (15-16):350-2.
- Kopp B. Phytopharmaceuticals--phytotherapy. Wien Med Wochenschr 2004; 154 (21-22):495-7.
- Romero Cerecero O, Reyes Morales H, Torres Torija Barrio I, et al. Knowledge of phytopharmaceuticals among physicians from Morelos, Mexico. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2005; 43 (4):281-6.
- Romero-Cerecero O, Tortoriello-Garcia J. Knowledge about phytopharmaceuticals among physicians affiliated to secondary care hospitals. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2007; 45 (5):453-8.
- Gracza L, Gracza E. Results of treatments with the phytopharmaceuticals bilicura and spasmobilicura in disorders of the liver-bile-digestive system. Fortschr Med 1977; 95 (47-48):2829-31.
- Greenspan HC. The role of reactive oxygen species, antioxidants and phytopharmaceuticals in human immunodeficiency virus activity. Med Hypotheses 1993; 40 (2):85-92.
- Juretzek W, Muller WE. Overview of phytopharmaceuticals for therapy of dementia. Quality and activity of Gingko biloba extract. Pharm Unserer Zeit 2002; 31 (4):370-5.
- Ulrich-Merzenich G, Kelber O, Koptina A, et al. Novel neurological and immunological targets for salicylate-based phytopharmaceuticals and for the anti-depressant imipramine. Phytomedicine 2012; 19 (10):930-9.
- Stiefelhagen P. Drug interactions caused by phytopharmaceuticals. Don't underestimate herbs!. MMW Fortschr Med 2002; 144 (6):6-9.
- Beer AM, Loew D, Weber PT, et al. Possible risks of phytopharmaceuticals in the perioperative period. MMW Fortschr Med 2016; 158 (15):72-6.
- Becker KP, Ditter B, Nimsky C, et al. Endotoxin contents of phytopharmaceuticals: correlation with clinically observed side effects. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1988; 113 (3):83-7.
- Ulrich-Merzenich G, Koptina A, Kelber O, et al. Prediction of adverse events by in vivo gene expression profiling exemplified for phytopharmaceuticals containing salicylates and the antidepressant imipramine. Phytomedicine 2012; 19 (3-4):322-9.
- Zadoyan G, Fuhr U. Phenotyping studies to assess the effects of phytopharmaceuticals on in vivo activity of main human cytochrome p450 enzymes. Planta Med 2012; 78 (13):1428-57.
- Dormal S. The risk of chronic toxicity inherent in the use of phytopharmaceuticals in agriculture. J Pharm Belg 1956; 11 (9-10):426-68.
- Heyndrickx A, Avermaete M. Intoxication due to residual phytopharmaceuticals on fruit. Method of analysis. J Pharm Belg 1961; 16:330-3.
- Nowak M, Wittke C, Lederer I, et al. Interspecific transfer of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: An unconsidered source of contaminations of phytopharmaceuticals and plant derived commodities. Food Chem 2016; 213:163-8.
Abstract Views: 648
PDF Views: 1