Physicochemical Analysis of Ground Water Qualities of Some Areas of Imphal East and Senapati Districts of Manipur during Pre-Monsoon

Fifteen ground water samples (S-1 to S-15) were collected from 14 hand pumps and 1 dug well of Imphal East and Senapati Districts of Manipur during pre-monsoon period (May) of 2016.They were analyzed for various physicochemical parameters such as temperature, P^H, TDS (total dissolved solids), electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TA), CO^2-₃, HCO^-₃, total hardness (TH), Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and Cl^-. Only S-9 (dug well of OkshuMayaiLeikai) of Imphal East District is perfectly found to be fit for drinking purpose from physicochemical analysis point of view.However, other remaining ground waters (S-1 to S-8 and S-10 to S-15) may also be used for drinking purpose in absence of alternate sources. In case of S-1 to S-8 and S-10 to S-15, some suitable treatments are necessary so as to keep corresponding values of total alkalinity, total hardness and Mg²⁺ below their corresponding acceptable limits of BIS standard for drinking water. All the ground waters (S-1 to S-15) are also fit for other domestic and irrigation purposes.

Further, TDS shows strong positive correlatives with Na⁺, HCO^-₃, and Cl^- but weak positive correlatives with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. Again, TA shows strong positive correlations with TDS and EC. As Na⁺ shows strong positive correlation with HCO^-₃ (r = 0.814), total alkalinity of such ground waters is mainly due to presence of NaHCO₃. Total hardness of such ground waters is also mainly due to CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ as is evident from strong positive correlations of TH with Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Cl^-.