Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry

Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access
Open Access Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Restricted Access Subscription Access

Fusidic Acid: A Therapeutic Review


Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India., India
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India, India
3 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India, India
4 Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India., India
5 Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India ., India
     

   Subscribe/Renew Journal


Fusidic acid (FA), derived from the fungus Fusidium coccineum, is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by preventing EF-G translocation. This review will provide information regarding the properties of FA, as well as studies on its clinical efficacy in skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). FA has been used for treatment of infection caused by gram- positive microorganism. FA cream or ointment are clinically effective and shown minimum adverse reaction when used in SSTIs two or three times regularly. The analytical methods which describe the presence of FA in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this article. High-performance liquid chromatography has been widely used analytical method in the analysis of FA, as it can reduce the cost as well as time of analysis. This review also includes the information regarding the randomised trials which investigates the clinical efficacy of fusidic acid in dermatology in comparative trials that were discovered.

Keywords

High-performance liquid chromatography, Gram- positive microorganism.
Subscription Login to verify subscription
User
Notifications
Font Size


  • Kim S, Covington A, Pamer EG. The intestinal microbiota: antibiotics, colonization resistance, and enteric pathogens. Immunol Rev. 2017;279(1):90–105.

  • Fisher RA, Gollan B, Helaine S. Persistent bacterial infections and persister cells. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017;15(8):453–64.

  • Russell AD. Biocide use and antibiotic resistance: the relevance of laboratory findings to clinical and environmental situations. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3(12):794–803.

  • Kumar U, Narang R, Nayak SK, Singh SK, Gupta V. Benzimidazole: Structure Activity Relationship and Mechanism of Action as Antimicrobial Agent. Res J Pharm Technol. 2017;10(7):2400–14.

  • Fischbach MA, Walsh CT. Antibiotics for emerging pathogens. Science (80). 2009;325(5944):1089–93.

  • Gerarden TD, Newell RG, Stavins RN. Assessing the energy-efficiency gap.J Econ Lit. 2017;55(4):1486–525.

  • Lippi G, Chance JJ, Church S, Dazzi P, Fontana R, Giavarina D, et al. Preanalytical quality improvement: from dream to reality. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011;49(7):1113–26.

  • Sonawane L V, Poul BN, Usnale S V, Waghmare P V, Surwase LH. Bioanalytical method validation and its pharmaceutical application-a review. Pharm Anal Acta. 2014;5(288):2.

  • Curbete MM, Salgado HRN. A critical review of the properties of fusidic acid and analytical methods for its determination. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2016;46(4):352–60.

  • Barbosa-Filho JM, Nascimento Júnior FA do, Tomaz AC de A, AthaydeFilho PF de, Silva MS da, Cunha E V, et al. Natural products with antileprotic activity. Rev Bras Farmacogn. 2007;17(1):141–8.

  • Zhao M, Gödecke T, Gunn J, Duan J-A, Che C-T. Protostane and fusidane triterpenes: a mini-review. Molecules. 2013;18(4):4054–80.

  • Werner AH, Russell AD. Mupirocin, fusidic acid and bacitracin: activity, action and clinical uses of three topical antibiotics. Vet Dermatol. 1999;10(3):225–40.

  • Fujii T, Nakada M. Stereoselective construction of the ABC-ring system of fusidane triterpenes via intermolecular/transannular Michael reaction cascade. Tetrahedron Lett. 2014;55(9):1597–601.

  • Li C, Li XZ, Graham N, Gao NY. The aqueous degradation of bisphenol A and steroid estrogens by ferrate. Water Res. 2008;42(1–2):109–20.

  • Wudy SA, Schuler G, Sánchez-Guijo A, Hartmann MF. The art of measuring steroids: principles and practice of current hormonal steroid analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;179:88–103.

  • Buetow DE, Levedahl BH. Responses of microorganisms to sterols and steroids. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1964;18(1):167–94.

  • Gehrig KA, Warshaw EM. Allergic contact dermatitis to topical antibiotics: epidemiology, responsible allergens, and management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(1):1–21.

  • Frimodt-Møller N. 74 Fusidic Acid (Fusidate Sodium). USE Antibiot. 2010;945.

  • Karauzum H, Venkatasubramaniam A, Adhikari RP, Kort T, Holtsberg FW, Mukherjee I, et al. IBT-V02: a multicomponent toxoid vaccine protects against primary and secondary skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Front Immunol. 2021;12:475.

  • Singer AJ, Talan DA. Management of skin abscesses in the era of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(11):1039–47.

  • Revathi K. Contact Allergies in Patients with Leg Ulcers. PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore; 2015.

  • Larsen FS, Simonsen L, Melgaard A, Wendicke K, Henriksen AS. An efficient new formulation of fusidic acid and betamethasone 17-valerate (Fucicort® Lipid cream) for treatment of clinically infected atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2007;87(1):62–8.

  • Girolomoni G, Mattina R, Manfredini S, Vertuani S, Fabrizi G. Fusidic acid betamethasone lipid cream. Int J Clin Pract. 2016;70:4–13.

  • Bryskier A. Fusidic acid. Antimicrob Agents Antibacterials Antifung. 2005;631–41.

  • Ragab AE, Ibrahim A-RS, Léon F. 3-O-Formyl-27-Hydroxyfusidic Acid: A New Metabolite of Fusidic Acid by Cunninghamella echinulata. Rec Nat Prod. 2020;14(4):296.

  • Gaohua L, Miao X, Dou L. Crosstalk of physiological pH and chemical pKa under the umbrella of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2021;17(9):1103–24.

  • Shriner RL, Hermann CKF, Morrill TC, Curtin DY, Fuson RC. The systematic identification of organic compounds. John Wiley & Sons; 2003.

  • Morgan PW, Kwolek SL. Low temperature solution polycondensation of piperazine polyamides. J Polym Sci Part A Gen Pap. 1964;2(1):181–208.

  • Zembower TR, Noskin GA, Postelnick MJ, Nguyen C, Peterson LR. The utility of aminoglycosides in an era of emerging drug resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1998;10(2):95–105.

  • Bhagwat SS, Nandanwar M, Kansagara A, Patel A, Takalkar S, Chavan R, et al. Levonadifloxacin, a novel broad-spectrum anti-MRSA benzoquinolizine quinolone agent: review of current evidence. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2019;13:4351.

  • Dziwornu GA, Kamunya S, Ntsabo T, Chibale K. Novel antimycobacterial C-21 amide derivatives of the antibiotic fusidic acid: synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and rationalization of media-dependent activity using molecular docking studies in the binding site of human serum albumin. Medchemcomm. 2019;10(6):961–9.

  • Peske F, Savelsbergh A, Katunin VI, Rodnina M V, Wintermeyer W. Conformational changes of the small ribosomal subunit during elongation factor G-dependent tRNA–mRNA translocation. J Mol Biol.

  • ;343(5):1183–94.

  • Musmade PB, Tumkur A, Trilok M, Bairy KL. Fusidic acid–Topical antimicrobial in the management of Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013;5:381–90.

  • Ward A, Campoli-Richards DM. Mupirocin. Drugs. 1986;32(5):425–44.

  • Cé R, Pacheco BZ, Ciocheta TM, Barbosa FS, de CS Alves A, Dallemole DR, et al. Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria using fusidic acid-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules. React Funct Polym. 2021;162:104876.

  • Mohamed MF, Abdelkhalek A, Seleem MN. Evaluation of short synthetic antimicrobial peptides for treatment of drug-resistant and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):1–14.

  • Ki V, Rotstein C. Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections in adults: a review of their epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and site of care.Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2008;19(2):173–84.

  • Seltzer E, Dorr MB, Goldstein BP, Perry M, Dowell JA, Henkel T, et al. Once-weekly dalbavancin versus standard-of-care antimicrobial regimens for treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections. Clin Infect Dis.

  • ;37(10):1298–303.

  • Turnidge J, Collignon P. Resistance to fusidic acid. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1999;12:S35–44.

  • Thakur K, Sharma G, Singh B, Chhibber S, Katare OP. Nano-engineered lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles of fusidic acid: an investigative study on dermatokinetics profile and MRSA-infected burn wound model. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2019;9(4):748–63.

  • Cassir N, Rolain J-M, Brouqui P. A new strategy to fight antimicrobial resistance: the revival of old antibiotics. Front Microbiol. 2014;5:551.

  • Garner JS, Committee HICPA. Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996;17(1):54–80.

  • Maisch T, Szeimies R-M, Jori G, Abels C. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy in dermatology. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2004;3(10):907–17.

  • Nishijima S, Namura S, Kawai S, Akamatsu H, Asada Y, Kawabata S. Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from skin infections in 1992 to antimicrobial agents. J Dermatol.1994;21(4):233–8.

  • Chiller K, Selkin BA, Murakawa GJ. Skin microflora and bacterial infections of the skin. In: Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings. Elsevier; 2001. p. 170–4.

  • Casillas-Vargas G, Ocasio-Malavé C, Medina S, Morales-Guzmán C, Del Valle RG, Carballeira NM, et al. Antibacterial fatty acids: An update of possible mechanisms of action and implications in the development of the next-generation of antibacterial agents. Prog Lipid Res. 2021;82:101093.

  • Savelsbergh A, Rodnina M V, Wintermeyer W. Distinct functions of elongation factor G in ribosome recycling and translocation. Rna.2009;15(5):772–80.

  • Gupta A, Mir SS, Saqib U, Biswas S, Vaishya S, Srivastava K, et al. The effect of fusidic acid on Plasmodium falciparum elongation factor G (EF-G).Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2013;192(1–2):39–48.

  • Shi X, Khade PK, Sanbonmatsu KY, Joseph S. Functional role of the sarcin–ricin loop of the 23S rRNA in the elongation cycle of protein synthesis. J Mol Biol. 2012;419(3–4):125–38.

  • Baca OG, Rohrbach MS, Bodley JW. Studies on translocation. 22. Equilibrium measurements of the interactions of guanine nucleotides with Escherichia coli elongation factor G and the ribosome. Biochemistry.1976;15(21):4570–4.

  • Nissen P, Kjeldgaard M, Thirup S, Polekhina G, Reshetnikova L, Clark BFC, et al. Crystal structure of the ternary complex of Phe-tRNAPhe, EFTu, and a GTP analog. Science (80- ). 1995;270(5241):1464–72.

  • Kinzy TG, Woolford Jr JL. Increased expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae translation elongation factor 1 alpha bypasses the lethality of a TEF5 null allele encoding elongation factor 1 beta. Genetics.

  • ;141(2):481–9.

  • Song JM. Genetic and molecular studies of genes that affect translational fidelity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. University of Illinois at Chicago; 1987.

  • Sharma S, Sharma R, Goyal K, Jindal S. Potential of herbal treatment of Psoriasis: A Laconic Review. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2021;11(1):51–7.

  • Sondhi S, Singh N, Goyal K, Jindal S. Development of topical herbal gel of berberine hydrochloride for the treatment of psoriasis. Res J Pharm Dos Forms Technol. 2021;13(1):12–8.

  • Sondhi S, Singh N, Jindal S. Natural Remedies used in the Treatment of Psoriasis: A short Review. Asian J Pharm Res. 2021;11(1):43–5.

  • Mahajan T, Singh N, Goyal K, Jindal S, Pandit V, Ashawat MS. Recent Updates on Psoriasis: A Review Tejasavi Mahajan1, Navdeep Singh1, Kamya Goyal2, Shammy Jindal1*, Vinay Pandit1, MS Ashawat1 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog Jawalaji Dist-Kangra (HP) India. 2Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog Jawalaji Dist-Kangra (HP) India.* Corresponding Author E-mail: shammyjindal@ gmail. com. Asian J Pharm Res. 2022;12(1):76–83.

  • Singh N, Sondhi S, Jindal S, Pandit V, Ashawat MS. Treatment and Management for patients with mild to severe Psoriasis: A Review. Asian J Pharm Res. 2020;10(4):286–92.

  • Singh N, Goyal K, Sondhi S, Jindal S. Development and Characterization of Barbaloin Gel for the Safe and Effective Treatment of Psoriasis. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2020;10(5):188–97.

  • Vani PB, Kumar PR. A Comparative Review on Conventional and Traditional medicine in the Treatment of Psoriasis. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020;13(11):5642–6.

  • Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR. Development and Characterization of Corticosteroid loaded Lipid carrier system for Psoriasis. Res J Pharm Technol. 2021;14(2):966–70.

  • Thomas J, Parimalam K. Treating pediatric plaque psoriasis: challenges and solutions. Pediatr Heal Med Ther. 2016;7:25.

  • Kulawik-Pióro A, Miastkowska M. Polymeric gels and their application in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris: a review. Int J Mol Sci.2021;22(10):5124.

  • Ramanunny AK, Wadhwa S, Singh SK, Sharma DS, Khursheed R, Awasthi A. Treatment strategies against psoriasis: principle, perspectives and practices. Curr Drug Deliv. 2020;17(1):52–73.

  • Chen L, Zhou L, Wang C, Han Y, Lu Y, Liu J, et al. Tumor‐targeted drug and CpG delivery system for phototherapy and docetaxel‐enhanced immunotherapy with polarization toward M1‐type macrophages on triple negative breast cancers. Adv Mater. 2019;31(52):1904997.

  • Porro GB, Parente F. Side effects of anti-ulcer prostaglandins: an overview of the worldwide clinical experience. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1989;24(sup164):224–31.

  • Christiansen K. Fusidic acid adverse drug reactions. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1999;12:S3–9.

  • Enjalbert F, Rapior S, Nouguier-Soulé J, Guillon S, Amouroux N, Cabot C. Treatment of amatoxin poisoning: 20-year retrospective analysis. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002;40(6):715–57.

  • Biswas M, Owen K, Jones MK. Hypocalcaemia during fusidic acid therapy. J R Soc Med. 2002;95(2):91–3.

  • Lee WM, Larson AM, Stravitz RT. AASLD position paper: the management of acute liver failure: update 2011. Hepatology. 2011;55(3):965–7.

  • Høvding G. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2008;86(1):5– 17.

  • Long BH. 2. Fusidic acid in skin and soft-tissue infections. Acta Derm Venereol. 2008;

  • Principi N, Argentiero A, Neglia C, Gramegna A, Esposito S. New antibiotics for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections in pediatrics. Pharmaceuticals. 2020;13(11):333.

  • Njoroge M, Kaur G, Espinoza-Moraga M, Wasuna A, Dziwornu GA, Seldon R, et al. Semisynthetic antimycobacterial C-3 Silicate and C-3/C-21 ester derivatives of fusidic acid: Pharmacological evaluation and stability studies in liver microsomes, rat plasma, and mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. ACS Infect Dis. 2019;5(9):1634–44.

  • Ballard BE. Biopharmaceutical considerations in subcutaneous and intramuscular drug administration. J Pharm Sci. 1968;57(3):357–78.

  • Goossens A, Gonçalo M. Contact allergy to topical drugs. Contact Dermatitis. 2020;1–37.

  • Griffin JP, D’Arcy PF. A manual of adverse drug interactions. Elsevier; 1997.

  • Roberts CJC. Clinical Pharmacological Considerations. In: Gastrointestinal Disease. Springer; 1983. p. 155–68.

  • Petitjean O, Nicolas P, Tod M, Padoin C, Jacolot A. Drug Interactions during Anti‐Infective Treatments. Antimicrob agents antibacterials Antifung. 2005;1320–52.

  • Pryor JB, Lockridge J, Olyaei AJ. The Principles of Drug Dosing in Peritoneal Dialysis. In: Applied Peritoneal Dialysis. Springer; 2021. p. 349– 74.

  • Turner P, Volans G, Wiseman H. Approved Names. In: Drugs Handbook 1992–93. Springer; 1992. p. 1–100.

  • Neuman M. Useful and Harmful Interactions of. 1985; 83. Frohlich S, Ryan T, Fagan C. Statin therapy associated with fatal rhabdomyolysis. J Intensive Care Soc. 2011;12(1):40–2.

  • Jain KK. Drug-induced myopathies. In: Drug-induced Neurological Disorders. Springer; 2021. p. 493–509.

  • Singh B. Major concerns on antibiotic resistance and antibiotic-induced complications–paradigm shift to nanaoscale and secondary metabolites from edible plants for rapid killing of bacteria as an imperative.

  • Shafran SD, Tyring SK, Ashton R, Decroix J, Forszpaniak C, Wade A, et al. Once, twice, or three times daily famciclovir compared with aciclovir for the oral treatment of herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial. J Clin Virol. 2004;29(4):248–53.

  • Spelman D. Fusidic acid in skin and soft tissue infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1999;12:S59–66.

  • Török E, Somogyi T, Rutkai K, Iglesias L, Bielsa I. Fusidic acid suspension twice daily: a new treatment schedule for skin and soft tissue infection in children, with improved tolerability. J Dermatolog Treat. 2004;15(3):158– 63.

  • Kyhse-Andersen J, Schmidt C, Nordin G, Andersson B, Nilsson-Ehle P, Lindström V, et al. Serum cystatin C, determined by a rapid, automated particle-enhanced turbidimetric method, is a better marker than serum creatinine for glomerular filtration rate. Clin Chem. 1994;40(10):1921–6.

  • Read TRH, Jensen JS, Fairley CK, Grant M, Danielewski JA, Su J, et al. Use of pristinamycin for macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(2):328.

  • Raz R, Naber KG, Raizenberg C, Rohana Y, Unamba-Oparah I, Korfman G, et al. Ciprofloxacin 250 mg twice daily versus ofloxacin 200 mg twice daily in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections in women. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000;19(5):327–31.

  • Geerdes-Fenge HF, Goetschi B, Rau M, Borner K, Koeppe P, Wettich K, et al. Comparative pharmacokinetics of dirithromycin and erythromycin in normal volunteers with special regard to accumulation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and in saliva. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1997;53(2):127–33.

  • Bradshaw CS, Twin J, Bissessor M, Read TRH, Jensen JJ, Fairley CK, et al. 006.1 The efficacy of pristinamycin for mycoplasma genitalium–an increasing multidrug resistant pathogen. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd; 2015.

  • Segreti J, Nelson JA, Trenholme GM. Prolonged suppressive antibiotic therapy for infected orthopedic prostheses. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27(4):711– 3.

  • Doudoulakakis A, Spiliopoulou I, Spyridis N, Giormezis N, Kopsidas J,Militsopoulou M, et al. Emergence of a Staphylococcus aureus clone resistant to mupirocin and fusidic acid carrying exotoxin genes and causing mainly skin infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(8):2529–37.

  • Gibson JR. Trimethoprin-polymyxin B ophthalmic solution in the treatment of presumptive bacterial conjunctivitis—A multicentre trial of its efficacy versus neomycin–polymyxin B-gramicidin and chloramphenicol ophthalmic solutions. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1983;11(3):217–21.

  • Hamann K, Thorn P. Systemic or Local Treatment of Erythrasma? A comparison between Erythromycin Tablets and FucidinR Cream in General Practice. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1991;9(1):35–9.

  • Cole C, Gazewood JD. Diagnosis and treatment of impetigo. Am Fam Physician. 2007;75(6):859–64.

  • Qin X, Song M, Ma H, Yin C, Zhong Y, Zhang L, et al. Low‐temperature bleaching of cotton fabric with a binuclear manganese complex of 1, 4, 7‐ trimethyl‐1, 4, 7‐triazacyclononane as catalyst for hydrogen peroxide. Color Technol. 2012;128(5):410–5.

  • Bigliardi PL, Alsagoff SAL, El-Kafrawi HY, Pyon J-K, Wa CTC, Villa MA. Povidone iodine in wound healing: A review of current concepts and practices. Int J Surg. 2017;44:260–8.

  • Meaney-Delman D, Bartlett LA, Gravett MG, Jamieson DJ. Oral and intramuscular treatment options for early postpartum endometritis in lowresource settings: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125(4):789– 800.

  • Heydari R, Mousavi M. Simultaneous determination of saccharine, caffeine, salicylic acid and benzoic acid in different matrixes by salt and air-assisted homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chil Chem Soc. 2016;61(3):3090–4.

  • Lodha R, Randev S, Kabra SK. Oral antibiotics for community–acquired pneumonia with chest-indrawing in children aged below five years: A Systematic Review. Indian Pediatr. 2016;53(6):489–95.

  • Ma Y, Zhang N, Wu S, Huang H, Cao Y. Antimicrobial activity of topical agents against Propionibacterium acnes: an in vitro study of clinical isolates from a hospital in Shanghai, China. Front Med. 2016;10(4):517–21.

  • Morley PAR, Munot LD. A comparison of sodium fusidate ointment and mupirocin ointment in superficial skin sepsis. Curr Med Res Opin.1988;11(2):142–8.

  • Golan Y. Current treatment options for acute skin and skin-structure infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(Supplement_3):S206–12.

  • Stulberg DL, Penrod MA, Blatny RA. Common bacterial skin infections. Am Fam Physician. 2002;66(1):119.

  • Denton M, O’Connell B, Bernard P, Jarlier V, Williams Z, Henriksen AS. The EPISA study: antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus causing primary or secondary skin and soft tissue infections in the

  • community in France, the UK and Ireland. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;61(3):586–8.

  • Kakar N, Kumar V, Mehta G, Sharma RC, Koranne R V. Clinico‐bacteriological study of pyodermas in children. J Dermatol. 1999;26(5):288–93.

  • Oranje AP, Chosidow O, Sacchidanand S, Todd G, Singh K, Scangarella N, et al. Topical retapamulin ointment, 1%, versus sodium fusidate ointment, 2%, for impetigo: a randomized, observer-blinded, noninferiority study.Dermatology. 2007;215(4):331–40.

  • Wollenberg A, Christen‐Zäch S, Taieb A, Paul C, Thyssen JP, de Bruin‐ Weller M, et al. ETFAD/EADV Eczema task force 2020 position paper on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults and children. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2020;34(12):2717–44.

  • Sibbald RG, Orsted H, Schultz GS, Coutts P, Keast D. Preparing the wound bed 2003: focus on infection and inflammation. Ostomy Wound Manag. 2003;49(11):24–51.

  • Chu AC. 4. Antibacterial/steroid combination therapy in infected eczema. Acta Derm Venereol. 2008;

  • Poyner TF, Dass BK. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of fusidic acid/hydrocortisone cream (Fucidin® H cream) and miconazole/hydrocortisone cream (Daktacort® cream) in infected eczema. J

  • Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 1996;7:S23–30.

  • Rangegowda SM, Madhavrao D, Gunjahalli B, Shetty P, Ravikumar BC. Archives of Clinical & Experimental Dermatology. 2021;

  • Hill VA, Wong E, Corbett MF, Menday AP. Comparative efficacy of betamethasone/clioquinol (Betnovate-C) cream and betamethasone/fusidicacid (Fucibet) cream in the treatment of infected hand eczema. J Dermatolog Treat. 1998;9(1):15–9.

  • Bratovčić A, Odobašić A, Ćatić S. The advantages of the use of ionselective potentiometry in relation to UV/VIS spectroscopy. Agric Conspec Sci. 2009;74(3):139–42.

  • Saleh GA, Askal HF, Darwish IA, El-Shorbagi A-NA. Spectroscopic analytical study for the charge-transfer complexation of certain cephalosporins with chloranilic acid. Anal Sci. 2003;19(2):281–7.

  • Nakra S, Green RJ, Anderson SL. Thermal decomposition of JP-10 studied by micro-flowtube pyrolysis-mass spectrometry. Combust Flame.2006;144(4):662–74.

  • Basner R, Schmidt M, Denisov E, Becker K, Deutsch H. Absolute total and partial cross sections for the electron impact ionization of tetrafluorosilane (SiF 4). J Chem Phys. 2001;114(3):1170–7.

  • Al-Shaalan NH. Atomic absorption spectrometric determination of fusidic acid in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical dosage form. J Chem Pharm Res. 2010;2:135–43.

  • Moradi M, Kashanaki R, Borhani S, Bigdeli H, Abbasi N, Kazemzadeh A. Optimization of supramolecular solvent microextraction prior to graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for total selenium determination in food and environmental samples. J Mol Liq. 2017;232:243–50.

  • Pedraza A, Sicilia MD, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D. Assessment of the surfactant-dye binding degree method as an alternative to the methylenblue method for the determination of anionic surfactants in aqueous environmental samples. Anal Chim Acta. 2007;588(2):252–60.

  • Costi EM, Sicilia MD, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D. Quantitation of fusidane antibiotics in pharmaceuticals using the surfactant–dye binding degree method. Anal Chim Acta. 2005;549(1–2):159–65.

  • Pedraza A, Sicilia MD, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D. Surfactant–dye binding degree method for the determination of amphiphilic drugs. Anal Chim Acta. 2004;522(1):89–97.

  • Costi EM, Sicilia MD, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D. Determination of cationic surfactants in pharmaceuticals based on competitive aggregation in ternary amphiphile mixtures. Anal Chim Acta. 2006;577(2):257–63.

  • Khan H. Analytical Method Development in Pharmaceutical Research: Steps involved in HPLC Method Development. Asian J Pharm Res. 2017;7(3):203–7.

  • Gahart BL, Nazareno AR. Gahart’s 2018 Intravenous Medications: A Handbook for Nurses and Health Professionals. Elsevier Health Sciences;2017.

  • Al-Ghobashy MA, Mostafa MM, Abed HS, Fathalla FA, Salem MY. Correlation between dynamic light scattering and size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography for monitoring the effect of pH on

  • stability of biopharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr B. 2017;1060:1–9.

  • Lebiedzińska A, Marszałł ML, Kuta J, Szefer P. Reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography method with coulometric electrochemical and ultraviolet detection for the quantification of vitamins B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxamine, pyridoxal and pyridoxine) and B12 in animal and plant foods. J Chromatogr A. 2007;1173(1–2):71–80.

  • Szabó T, Tombácz E, Illés E, Dékány I. Enhanced acidity and pH-dependent surface charge characterization of successively oxidized graphite oxides. Carbon N Y. 2006;44(3):537–45.

  • Agrawal S, Ashokraj Y, Bharatam P V, Pillai O, Panchagnula R. Solid-state characterization of rifampicin samples and its biopharmaceutic relevance. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2004;22(2–3):127–44.

  • Gilchrist SE, Letchford K, Burt HM. The solid-state characterization of fusidic acid. Int J Pharm. 2012;422(1–2):245–53.

  • Sarkar M, Perumal OP, Panchagnula R. Solid-state characterization of nevirapine. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008;70(5):619.

  • Manfio ML, Agarrayua DA, Machado JC, Schmidt CA. A fully validated microbiological assay to evaluate the potency of ceftriaxone sodium. Brazilian J Pharm Sci. 2013;49(4):753–62.

  • Ramautar R, Somsen GW, de Jong GJ. CE‐MS for metabolomics: developments and applications in the period 2012–2014. Electrophoresis.2015;36(1):212–24.

  • Pembrey RS, Marshall KC, Schneider RP. Cell surface analysis techniques: what do cell preparation protocols do to cell surface properties? Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999;65(7):2877–94.

  • Thomas V, Yallapu MM, Sreedhar B, Bajpai SK. A versatile strategy to fabricate hydrogel–silver nanocomposites and investigation of their antimicrobial activity. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2007;315(1):389–95.

  • Pauli GF. qNMR—a versatile concept for the validation of natural product reference compounds. Phytochem Anal an Int J Plant Chem Biochem Tech. 2001;12(1):28–42.

  • Zuluaga AF, Agudelo M, Rodriguez CA, Vesga O. Application of microbiological assay to determine pharmaceutical equivalence of generic intravenous antibiotics. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2009;9(1):1–11.


Abstract Views: 126

PDF Views: 0




  • Fusidic Acid: A Therapeutic Review

Abstract Views: 126  |  PDF Views: 0

Authors

Anshul Sharma
Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India., India
Keshav Dhiman
Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India, India
Anshul Sharma
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India, India
Kamya Goyal
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India., India
Vinay Pandit
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India., India
M.S. Ashawat
Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India ., India
Shammy Jindal
Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jawalaji, Distt. Kangra (H.P.) India., India

Abstract


Fusidic acid (FA), derived from the fungus Fusidium coccineum, is an antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by preventing EF-G translocation. This review will provide information regarding the properties of FA, as well as studies on its clinical efficacy in skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). FA has been used for treatment of infection caused by gram- positive microorganism. FA cream or ointment are clinically effective and shown minimum adverse reaction when used in SSTIs two or three times regularly. The analytical methods which describe the presence of FA in biological samples and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this article. High-performance liquid chromatography has been widely used analytical method in the analysis of FA, as it can reduce the cost as well as time of analysis. This review also includes the information regarding the randomised trials which investigates the clinical efficacy of fusidic acid in dermatology in comparative trials that were discovered.

Keywords


High-performance liquid chromatography, Gram- positive microorganism.

References