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The scale, intensity and rate of urbanization across the globe has caused significant environmental pollution and posed severe pressure on the natural resources. In Sudan, various human land-use processes have affected the natural ecosystem, especially pollution of soil and water. Pesticide contamination of soil and water has become a subject of nationwide importance because groundwater is used for drinking purposes by about 50% of the population in Sudan. This especially relates to the population inhabiting the agricultural areas where pesticides are most often used.
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